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译林版·八年级英语下册期中复习
——考点3：现在完成时与一般过去时的区别
本考点源自Unit 1 Grammar。现在完成时和一般过去时都表示过去发生的动作，但关注点不同。掌握两者的区别是期中考试的高频考点。
一、核心区别对比
一般过去时：只说明过去发生的动作或状态，与现在没有直接联系。常与具体的过去时间状语连用。
现在完成时：强调过去动作对现在的影响或结果，或者动作从过去持续到现在。不与具体的过去时间状语连用。
对比项 一般过去时 现在完成时
关注点 动作发生的时间 动作对现在的影响或持续
时间状语 yesterday, last week, in 2010, ...ago, just now already, yet, ever, never, just, for, since, so far
例句 I saw the film yesterday. (只说明昨天看了) I have seen the film. (知道内容，不关心何时看)
与现在关系 无直接联系 有联系（结果或持续）
疑问词 When did you... Have you ever... / How long...
典型对比：
I lost my key yesterday. (昨天丢了，可能已找到，与现在无关)
I have lost my key. (现在还没找到，进不去门)
二、常见时间状语对比
一般过去时专用 现在完成时专用 两种都可使用
yesterday, last night/week/year already, yet, ever, never, just this morning, today, this week
...ago (two days ago) so far, up to now, recently since + 时间点, for + 时间段
in 2010, in the past in the last few years —
注意：当句子中有明确的过去时间状语（如yesterday, last week, in 2020, just now）时，只能用一般过去时，不能用现在完成时。
I have seen him yesterday. → I saw him yesterday.
三、since从句的时态配合
在“主句（现在完成时）+ since + 从句（一般过去时）”结构中，since从句用一般过去时，主句用现在完成时。
I have lived here since I was born.
She has worked in this school since she left university.
四、分层精练（共30题）
A组 · 用所给动词的适当形式填空（每题1分，共12分）
1. I ______ (buy) a new bike last week.
2. She ______ (already finish) her homework. She can watch TV now.
3. They ______ (visit) the museum yesterday morning.
4. He ______ (live) in this city since 2010.
5. — When ______ you ______ (see) the film — Last night.
6. I ______ (not eat) anything yet. I'm hungry.
7. My father ______ (work) in this factory for 15 years.
8. We ______ (go) to the beach last summer. It was great.
9. ______ you ever ______ (be) to Japan — No, never.
10. He ______ (not finish) his report yet. He is still working on it.
11. She ______ (read) this book three times.
12. They ______ (move) to this city in 2018.
B组 · 单项选择（每题2分，共16分）
1. — Where is Tom — He ______ to the library. He will be back soon.
A. has been B. has gone C. went D. goes
2. I ______ my pen yesterday. I can't find it now.
A. lose B. lost C. have lost D. will lose
3. — ______ you ever ______ to the Great Wall — Yes, I went there in 2019.
A. Did; go B. Have; been C. Have; gone D. Do; go
4. She ______ in Nanjing since she was born.
A. lives B. lived C. has lived D. will live
5. My family ______ a trip to Hangzhou last spring.
A. take B. took C. have taken D. will take
6. — When ______ you ______ your homework — Two hours ago.
A. have; finished B. did; finish C. do; finish D. will; finish
7. I ______ this movie before. It's very interesting.
A. see B. saw C. have seen D. will see
8. They ______ each other since they were in primary school.
A. know B. knew C. have known D. will know
C组 · 句型转换（每题2分，共10分）
1. She has finished her work. (改为一般过去时，加上yesterday)
________________________________________________
2. He bought a new car last month. (改为现在完成时)
________________________________________________
3. I have lived here for ten years. (对划线部分提问)
________________________________________________
4. They went to Beijing in 2019. (用ever改为现在完成时一般疑问句)
________________________________________________
5. I haven't seen the film yet. (改为一般过去时，加上last week)
________________________________________________
D组 · 改错（每句只有一处错误，找出并改正，每题2分，共8分）
1. I have seen the film yesterday. It was wonderful.
改正：________________________________________________
2. She has gone to Shanghai last year.
改正：________________________________________________
3. He has finished his homework an hour ago.
改正：________________________________________________
4. They have never been to the museum last summer.
改正：________________________________________________
E组 · 语篇填空（每空1分，共8分）
My hometown ______ (1) (change) a lot over the years. I ______ (2) (live) here since I was born. In the past, the streets ______ (3) (be) very narrow. There ______ (4) (be) only one small shop. Last year, the government ______ (5) (build) a new square in the town center. Now, many people ______ (6) (come) to exercise there every evening. I ______ (7) (already take) many photos of the new square. I ______ (8) (never see) my hometown so beautiful before.
参考答案（教师用卷）
A组：
1. bought 2. has already finished 3. visited 4. has lived 5. did; see 6. haven't eaten 7. has worked 8. went 9. Have; been 10. hasn't finished 11. has read 12. moved
B组：
1. B 2. B 3. B 4. C 5. B 6. B 7. C 8. C
C组：
1. She finished her work yesterday.
2. He has bought a new car.
3. How long have you lived here
4. Have they ever been to Beijing
5. I didn't see the film last week.
D组：
1. have seen → saw 2. has gone → went 3. has finished → finished 4. have never been → didn't go (或去掉last summer)
E组：
1. has changed 2. have lived 3. were 4. was 5. built 6. come 7. have already taken 8. have never seen
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