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译林版·八年级英语下册期中复习
——现在完成时的构成与基本用法
本考点源自Unit 1 Grammar，是期中考试的核心时态。现在完成时表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或者从过去一直持续到现在的动作。掌握其构成、动词过去分词变化以及基本句型是学习的关键。
一、现在完成时的基本概念
1. 已完成用法（影响性）：过去发生的动作对现在有影响或结果。
I have lost my key. (结果：我现在进不去门)
She has finished her homework. (结果：她现在可以玩了)
2. 未完成用法（持续性）：动作从过去开始，一直持续到现在，还可能继续。
We have lived here for ten years. (现在还住着)
He has worked here since 2015. (现在还在工作)
二、现在完成时的构成
谓语结构：助动词 have/has + 过去分词
主语是第三人称单数（he/she/it/单数名词）时用has，其他人称用have。
句型 结构 例句
肯定句 主语 + have/has + 过去分词 + 其他. I have finished my work. / She has arrived.
否定句 主语 + have/has + not + 过去分词 + 其他. I haven't seen him today. / He hasn't come yet.
一般疑问句 Have/Has + 主语 + 过去分词 + 其他 Have you eaten lunch / Has she called you
肯定回答 Yes, 主语 + have/has. Yes, I have. / Yes, she has.
否定回答 No, 主语 + haven't/hasn't. No, I haven't. / No, she hasn't.
三、动词过去分词的变化规则
1. 规则动词（与过去式变化相同）
情况 变化规则 原形 过去分词
一般情况 加 ed work / help worked / helped
以 e 结尾 加 d live / hope lived / hoped
辅音 + y 结尾 变 y 为 i 加 ed study / carry studied / carried
重读闭音节结尾 双写末尾辅音加 ed stop / plan stopped / planned
2. 常见不规则动词过去分词（Unit 1 课标要求）
原形 过去式 过去分词 原形 过去式 过去分词
be was/were been go went gone
do did done see saw seen
have had had eat ate eaten
buy bought bought read read read
come came come write wrote written
take took taken give gave given
meet met met tell told told
speak spoke spoken know knew known
不规则动词需要逐个记忆，建议课后默写教材附录不规则动词表前20个。
四、常用标志词（already, yet, ever, never, just）
标志词 含义 用法位置 例句
already 已经 肯定句，助动词后或句末 I have already finished my homework.
yet 还；已经 否定句/疑问句，句末 Have you seen the film yet / I haven't finished yet.
ever 曾经 疑问句，助动词后 Have you ever been to Beijing
never 从未 肯定句（表否定），助动词后 I have never visited the Great Wall.
just 刚刚 肯定句，助动词后 He has just left the office.
易错提醒： already不能用于否定句；yet不能用于肯定句；never本身表示否定，不能再与not连用。
I haven't finished already. → I haven't finished yet.
I haven't never been there. → I have never been there.
五、分层精练（共30题）
A组 · 用所给动词的适当形式填空（每题1分，共12分）
1. I ______ (finish) my homework already. Let's go out.
2. She ______ (not come) yet. We are still waiting.
3. ______ you ever ______ (be) to the Great Wall
4. They ______ (live) in this city since 2015.
5. He ______ (just arrive) home. He looks tired.
6. We ______ (not see) each other for a long time.
7. ______ she ______ (return) the book to the library
8. So far, I ______ (learn) 500 English words.
9. My mother ______ (cook) dinner. It smells good.
10. They ______ (never be) to Shanghai before.
11. I ______ (lose) my wallet. I can't find it anywhere.
12. He ______ (work) in this school for 5 years.
B组 · 单项选择（每题2分，共16分）
1. — Where is your brother — He ______ to the library.
A. has been B. has gone C. went D. goes
2. I ______ this movie before. It's very touching.
A. see B. saw C. have seen D. will see
3. She ______ her homework yet. She is still doing it.
A. hasn't finished B. didn't finish C. doesn't finish D. won't finish
4. My parents ______ in Nanjing for 20 years.
A. live B. lived C. have lived D. will live
5. — ______ you ever ______ to the new park — Not yet.
A. Did; go B. Have; gone C. Have; been D. Do; go
6. They ______ the good news. Let's tell them.
A. have already heard B. haven't heard yet C. already heard D. heard yet
7. I ______ my key. I can't open the door.
A. lose B. lost C. have lost D. will lose
8. — ______ you ______ your homework — Yes, I finished it an hour ago.
A. Did; finish B. Have; finished C. Do; finish D. Will; finish
C组 · 句型转换（每题2分，共10分）
1. I have finished my report. (改为否定句)
________________________________________________
2. She has visited the Great Wall. (改为一般疑问句)
________________________________________________
3. They have lived here for five years. (对划线部分提问)
________________________________________________
4. He has already seen the film. (改为否定句)
________________________________________________
5. We have done our homework. (改为一般疑问句并作肯定回答)
________________________________________________
D组 · 改错（每句只有一处错误，找出并改正，每题2分，共8分）
1. I have went to the new supermarket. It's very big.
改正：________________________________________________
2. She haven't finished her work yet.
改正：________________________________________________
3. He has visited his grandparents last week.
改正：________________________________________________
4. I haven't never seen such a beautiful sunset.
改正：________________________________________________
E组 · 语篇填空（每空1分，共8分）
Dear Mum,
I'm writing to tell you that I ______ (1) (arrive) in Beijing safely. I ______ (2) (already check) into the hotel. I ______ (3) (not eat) dinner yet because I'm not hungry. I ______ (4) (just take) a shower. So far, I ______ (5) (visit) the Bird's Nest and the Water Cube. They are amazing! I ______ (6) (never see) such wonderful buildings before. I ______ (7) (be) to many places in China, but I ______ (8) (never be) to the Great Wall. I'm so excited.
参考答案（教师用卷）
A组：
1. have finished 2. hasn't come 3. Have; been 4. have lived 5. has just arrived 6. haven't seen 7. Has; returned 8. have learned 9. has cooked 10. have never been 11. have lost 12. has worked
B组：
1. B 2. C 3. A 4. C 5. C 6. B 7. C 8. B
C组：
1. I haven't finished my report yet.
2. Has she visited the Great Wall
3. How long have they lived here
4. He hasn't seen the film yet.
5. Have you done your homework Yes, we have.
D组：
1. went → gone 2. haven't → hasn't 3. has visited → visited (或去掉last week) 4. 去掉haven't (或never→ever)
E组：
1. have arrived 2. have already checked 3. haven't eaten 4. have just taken 5. have visited 6. have never seen 7. have been 8. have never been
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