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七年级下Unit1-Unit 4 语法训练
Unit 1
名词
可数名词复数的规则变化：
类别 构成方法 例词
一般情况 加-s pen---pens
以s,x,ch,sh等结尾的词 加-es fox---foxes
以辅音字母加y结尾的词 改y为i加-es family---families
以O结尾 无生命加-s photo---photos
有生命加-es potato---potatoes tomato---tomatoes
以f或fe 结尾 改f或fe 为v 再加es life---lives knife---knives
部分常考词的不规则变化
（1）词尾发生变化。 e.g. child→children
（2）改变词中的元音字母。e.g. man→men woman→women
foot→feet tooth→teeth goose→geese
（3）单复数同形。e.g . sheep→sheep Chinese→Chinese
（4）mouse→mice
【注意】有些单词形式上是单数，但实际上表示复数概念：people（人们），police （警察）。
练一练
用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
1.Here are four (box) of books.
2.There are three (boy) in the room.
3.Wolves take good care of their (baby).
4.There are many (potato) on the table.
5.My mother makes some (sandwich)for me.
6.I see many (people) in the street.
7.They come from different (country).
8. There are five (sheep) under the tree.
9.We should clean our (tooth) twice a day.
10.Some (egg) are on sale in the supermarket.
二、对画线部分提问。每空一词。
1.It looks nice. → it
2. Her favourite colour is blue. → her favourite colour
3.He has PE on Monday and Friday. → he PE
4.We can see two baby sheep under the tree.→ can see two baby sheep
5.My father likes ping-pong because it's relaxing.
→ your father ping-pong
三、根据汉语意思完成下列句子。每空一词。
1．两个橙子在黄色的袋子里面。 Two in the yellow bag.
2．这里是一些西红柿的照片。 Here are some of .
3．让我们吃一些苹果和香蕉吧！ Let's have some and !
4．我喜欢企鹅，因为它们很可爱。 I like because they are .
5．我不喜欢老虎，因为它们很危险。I don't like because they are .
Unit 2
祈使句和情态动词
祈使句
定义：用于表达命令、请求、劝告、警告、禁止等的句子叫祈使句，句末使用句号或感叹号。
句式：
肯定句：Do型：动词原形+其他。 如： Hurry up. We are late.
Be型：Be +形容词+其他。 如： Please be quiet in the library.
Let型：Let+宾语+动词原形+其他。 如：Let us eat out tonight.
否定句：Don't /Never +动词原形+其他。 如：Don’t fight./ Never give up.
No +名词/动词的-ing形式+其他。如： No food in the museum.
No running in the hallway.
二、情态动词 can , have to与must
can 意为“可以”，表示许可，无人称和数的变化。如：You can watch TV at weekends.
以can开头的一般疑问句，其肯定回答用can， 否定回答用can't，意为“不能”。
have to 意为“不得不，必须”，侧重指客观上的需求，有人称和时态的变化。如： My mother gets up late, so she has to take a taxi to work.
否定形式用don’t/doesn't have to，意为“不必”。
must意为“必须”，侧重主观看法或主观上的必要性，也可表示命令或愿望，无人称和数的变化。如：When the traffic lights are red, we must stop.
注：以must 开头的一般疑问句，其肯定回答用must，否定回答用needn't或don't have to，mustn＇t意为“禁止，不准”。如：You mustn’t play on the road.
练一练
一、用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
1. (take) care of your sister when I go out.
2.No (photo) in the museum.
3. (not arrive) late for school.
4.No (swim)in the river.
5.Let us (play) football this afternoon.
6. _______ _____(be) careful when you cross the road.
二、根据句意，用can、can＇t、must或have to填空。
7.You _____________ be quiet when in the library.
8.----_________I read in the reading room
----No,you don't .You read anywhere.
9.It's a little late.We run to the bus stop.
10.I go out with my friends at weekends but I play computer games.
三、按要求完成句子，每空一词。
11．You must walk to school today．（改为祈使句）
school today.
12．Jack has to play the piano every weekend．（改为一般疑问句）
Jack play the piano every weekend
13．（甘肃白银中考）Open the door．（改为否定句）
the door.
14．Don＇t fight in the classroom．（改为同义句）
in the classroom.
Can you lend me your bike （改为同义句）
Can you ____________ your bike ____________ me.
Unit 3
人称代词、物主代词和频率副词
人称代词、物主代词
按要求完成表格
人称代词 物主代词
人称 主格 宾格 形容词性 物主代词 名词性 物主代词
单数 第一人称
第二人称
第三人称
复数 第一人称
第二人称
第三人称
人称代词的主格在句子中作主语或表语，宾格作动词或介词的宾语，也可作表语使用。如：
We all like him.我们都喜欢他。（we作主语，him 作宾语）
---Who is it？是谁？
---It's me.是我。（it作主语，me作表语）
物主代词是用来表示所有关系的词。物主代词分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。
形容词性物主代词不能单独使用，只能用于名词前作定语，起形容词的作用；名词性物主代词可单独使用，起名词的作用。名词性物主代词＝形容词性物主代词十名词。如：
This is her computer.=This computer is hers. 这是她的电脑。
物主代词前不能再用a,an,the,this,that等词来修饰，如my book前面不能再加a。
二、频率副词
含义：频率副词是副词中的一种，表示事情发生的频率。
2．表示频率的两种形式
（1）频度副词及频率排序
always> usually>often> sometimes> hardly ever（seldom）>never
（2）次数表示频率
once一次， twice两次，“三次”及以上用“基数词＋times”
3．频度副词在句中的位置
（1）用在be动词、助动词或情态动词之后，实义动词之前。
（2）有时为了强调也可放在句首或句末。
4．询问频率
询问频率常用how often。
练一练
一、用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
My book is blue. ___________(you) is red.
These books are___________(we), and those are___________(they).
My ruler is long. __________ ( you ) is short.
These are not your desks. They are _________(our).
This is not __________（I） shirt. It’s _________(he).
That is not _________( I ) kite. That kite（风筝） is very small, but _________( I ) is very big.
7．The dress is ___________. Give it to ___________. ( she )
8．Is this ___________ watch (you) No, it’s not ___________ . ( I )
二、根据句意，选择合适的频率副词
I can’t swim, so I ____________ go to the river to swim.
I go to school by bike every day, but _________I take a bus because of bad weather.
Kate is a kind girl. She is ___________ helping others.
It __________ rains in the desert（沙漠）. It’s usually sunny and hot.
My brother__________ goes to the movies on weekends, but he sometimes goes to the movies on Friday.
三、单选题
1. I can't find my book. May I use
A.your B.yours C.my D.mine
2.---Jane,is this your umbrella ---No,it isn't .It's
A.my;his B.mine;his C.my;him D.mine;him
3.---Is this football your brothers' ---No,it's Tom's. is in the bedroom.
A.They B.Their C.Theirs D.Them
4． mother's bike isn't blue. is red.
A.I;Hers B.My;Hers C.My;She D.I;Her
5．--- model ships are these ---I think they are .Look at the names.
A.Whose; Mike and Ben's B.Who's;Mike's and Ben's
C.Who's;Mike and Ben's D. Whose; Mike's and Ben's
四、按要求完成句子
1．I go to the school library twice a week．（对画线部分提问）
do you go to the school library
2．These are my running shoes．（改为一般疑问句）
these running shoes
3．Peter seldom goes to see movies．（改为同义句）
Peter go to see movies.
4．Tina and Jenny have the same bedroom．（改为同义句）
This bedroom is and .
---Does Jeff often play tennis？（作否定回答）
---No,he plays it.
Unit 4
选择疑问句、可数名词和不可数名词
一、选择疑问句
定义：指说话人提出两种或两种以上可能的情况供对方选择的句式。选择项之间用or连接。
常见结构：一般疑问句+or+选择项 如：Do you want yogurt or juice
特殊疑问句,选择项1+or+选择项2 如：Which do you like better,beef or mutton
注意选择疑问句不能用Yes或No回答,一般需要在几个选项中选择性作答;也可以在对所有备选项进行否定后,再视具体情况灵活作答。
如：---Which do you prefer,a book or a movie
---A book,please./Both./Sorry,I actually(事实上) prefer listening to music.
二、 可数名词与不可数名词
相同点：两者都可用some、any、a lot of、lots of等修饰。
不同点：
对比项 可数名词 不可数名词
修饰词 前面可用a（an）及数词 前面不可用a（an）或数词
many、few、a few等 much、little、a little等
主谓一致 单数作主语，谓语用单数形式 复数作主语，谓语用复数形式 谓语用单数形式（前面有量词且量词是复数形式时，谓语要用复数形式）
表示具体数量 数词／冠词＋可数名词（单数／复数）， 如：one student, ten apples 数词／冠词＋量词＋of＋不可数名词 如：a cup of tea, two bags of rice
提问数量 how many＋可数名词复数 how much＋不可数名词
练一练
一、选择题
1. ---Can you swim or climb trees ---
A. Yes, I am B. Yes, I can C. I can swim D. No,I can't
2.--- she have long short hair ---She has long hair.
A. Does;and B. Does;or C. Is;or D. Is;and
3.---________sweater do you like, the red one or the yellow one ----The yellow one.
A. What B. How C.Which D.Why
4. ---Mary, do you walk to school or take a bus to school --- .It's good exercise.
A. Yes, I do. B. No, I don't C. I walk D. I take a bus.
5.---Can you sing dance ----I can sing.
A. and B. or C. because D.but
6.---Do you like swimming or football --- .I'm afraid of water.
A. Yes, I do B. No, I don't C. Swimming D. Football
7. Would you buy some sugar for me There is ___________ left.
A. little B. much C. few D. many
8.There is ________ milk in the bottle.
A. a few B. much C. few D. many
9.The man has _______ friends in this city, so he often stay at home.
A.a few B.few C.little D.a little
10.There is junk food here, and it is terrible.
A.too much, too much B. much too, much too
C. too much, much too D. much too, much too
11.-Would you like to go shopping with me - ,but I am busy now.
A.Yes,please B. I would like C. I'd love to D. No,thanks
12.My parents are both farmers, so they would like me to university（大学）in the future.
A.go B. going C. to go D. went
13.---What are you going to do this weekend ---I would like my uncle.
A. visiting B. visit C.visits D.to visit
14.The students visit Mike's farm and see many there.
A. sheep B. bird C. chicken D.cow
15.-Would you like some orange juice -
A. Yes,I like them. B. No,thanks. C. Yes,you would like it. D. No, I won't.
16.She'd like some and for lunch.
A. beef;potatoes B. beef;potato beefs;potato D. beefs;potatoes
17--.-What would you like, boys and girls ---We would like first.
A. five cup of tea B. five cups of tea C. five cup of teas D. five cups of teas
18.John has two and some for dinner.
A. tomatoes;chicken B. tomatoes; chickens C. tomato;chickens D. tomato;chicken
二、用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
1.There is a little (beef) in the basket.
2. When we sit on the bus, we need to put our (foot) under the chair.
3. These visitors are from the UK, the US and many other (country).
4.The baby has only two (tooth) now.
5.There (be) lots of supermarkets in that big city.
6. One pair of black shoes (be) 50 yuan in this store.
7. There is a lot of (mutton) and three (carrot) on the table in the kitchen.
8.I want to buy some (tomato)and (bread).
9. There are four (Chinese) and two (American) in our office.
10. I have two (sandwich) and some (milk) for breakfast.
11.I want to eat some for dinner.(fish)
12.There are many (child) playing in the park.
13.Can you see those (sheep) in the field .
14. would like some (pear) and three bottles of (milk).
15．I have two （knife） in my kitchen（厨房）．
16.I like to eat (banana) for breakfast.
17.Please give me a piece of (paper). I need to write something down.
18.My cat likes to play with (ball).
19.I have a pair of new (shoe) for school.
20.Can you give me a glass of (water),please

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