Unit 4 The Wonders of Nature 趣味语境背单词、词汇精讲(含解析)人教版英语八年级下册

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Unit 4 The Wonders of Nature 趣味语境背单词、词汇精讲(含解析)人教版英语八年级下册

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最新版人教版八年级下册Unit4 趣味语境背单词 词汇精讲
一、趣味语境故事
The Warm Heart of Lily
Lily is a quiet Grade 8 student. Last month, her classmate Lucy lost her pet dog and felt very sad. Lucy refused to talk to anyone and even argued with her best friend when they tried to cheer her up. Lily offered to help Lucy look for the dog, but Lucy replied coldly, “It’s none of your business.”
Lily didn’t give up. She communicated with Lucy’s neighbors and explained Lucy’s sadness to them. With their help, they found the dog three days later. When Lucy saw her dog, she thanked Lily warmly and said she was sorry for her rudeness. Lily encouraged her to share her feelings with others instead of keeping them to herself.
Since then, Lucy and Lily have become good friends. They often solve problems together. When Lucy feels nervous before exams, Lily always supports her. They know that understanding and kindness can make life better. Sometimes, they also disagree with each other, but they never fight—they always talk patiently and find a way to deal with their differences.
Last week, their teacher organized a group activity. Lily and Lucy worked in the same group. They cooperated well and finished the task successfully. Their teacher praised them for their good teamwork. Lily felt happy because she knew that helping others is the best way to make herself happy. Later, they planned a trip to the southern part of the city, where there is much natural scenery. They were curious about the plants and animals there, but they also knew there was a risk of getting lost because the weather there is changeable. With careful preparation, they finally had a great trip and learned a lot about nature.
二、重点词汇精讲(词根词缀+词源故事+用法)
1. sad /s d/ adj. 难过的;悲哀的
词根词缀拆解:本身为词根,无复杂组合,直接构成形容词,表“情绪低落的状态”。
词源故事:源自古英语 s d,最初表示“满足的、充足的”,后来逐渐演变,中世纪时开始表示“沉重的、悲伤的”,因为“过度满足”有时会带来低落的情绪,最终固定为“难过的、悲哀的”含义。
用法:常用搭配:be sad about sth.(因某事难过)、be sad to do sth.(做某事感到难过),比较级 sadder,最高级 saddest。
例句:She is sad about losing her favorite pen.(她因为丢了最喜欢的钢笔而难过。)
2. refuse /r fju z/ v. 拒绝;回绝
词根词缀拆解:re-(反、回)+ fuse(倾倒、流出)→ 把(请求、邀请)倒回去 → 拒绝、回绝。
词源故事:源自拉丁语 refundere,由 re-(回)+ fundere(倾倒)组成,本义是“倒回去、退回”,后来引申为“拒绝接受、回绝”,强调主动拒绝他人的请求或提供的东西。
用法:核心结构:refuse to do sth.(拒绝做某事),可接名词作宾语(refuse sth.),也可接不定式,如 refuse an invitation(拒绝邀请)、refuse to accept sth.(拒绝接受某物),避免学生误解“不能接名词”。
例句:He refused to help me with my homework.(他拒绝帮我辅导作业。)
3. argue / ɑ ɡju / v. 争吵;争论
词根词缀拆解:argu(清楚、明白)+ -e → 试图让对方明白自己的观点,进而产生争执 → 争吵、争论。
词源故事:源自拉丁语 arguere,本义是“弄清楚、证明”,后来引申为“为了弄清楚观点而展开辩论”,再进一步演变出“争吵、争执”的含义,既可以指理性辩论,也可以指情绪化的争吵。
用法:常用搭配:argue with sb.(和某人争吵)、argue about sth.(就某事争论)、argue for/against sth.(支持/反对某事)。
例句:My parents often argue about small things.(我的父母经常为小事争吵。)
4. offer / f (r)/ v. 主动提出;提供 n. 提议;出价
词根词缀拆解:of-(向前)+ fer(带来、携带)→ 向前带来(帮助、物品)→ 主动提供、提议。
词源故事:源自拉丁语 offerre,由 ob-(向前)+ ferre(带来)组成,本义是“带到面前”,后来引申为“主动提供、给予”,强调自愿、主动地提供帮助或物品。
用法:① 动词:offer to do sth.(主动提出做某事)、offer sb. sth. = offer sth. to sb.(给某人提供某物);② 名词:make an offer(提出提议)、accept an offer(接受提议)。
例句:She offered to carry my schoolbag for me.(她主动提出帮我背书包。)
5. reply /r pla / v. & n. 回答;回应
词根词缀拆解:re-(回、反)+ ply(折叠、回答)→ 折回去回应 → 回答、回应。
词源故事:源自拉丁语 replicare,由 re-(回)+ plicare(折叠)组成,最初表示“折叠回去”,后来引申为“对他人的话语、请求做出回应”,比 answer 更正式,强调有针对性的回应。
用法:① 动词:reply to sb./sth.(回答某人/某事),不能直接接宾语;② 名词:in reply to(作为对…的回应)、a reply to(对…的回答)。
例句:He didn’t reply to my message yesterday.(他昨天没有回复我的消息。)
6. communicate /k mju n ke t/ v. 交流;沟通
词根词缀拆解:com-(共同、一起)+ mun(公共的、共享的)+ -icate(动词后缀,表“做、使…”)→ 使彼此共享信息 → 交流、沟通。
词源故事:源自拉丁语 communicare,由 communis(共同的)演变而来,本义是“分享、共享”,后来引申为“通过语言、动作等分享信息”,即“交流、沟通”,强调人与人之间的信息传递。
用法:常用搭配:communicate with sb.(和某人交流)、communicate sth. to sb.(把某事传达给某人),名词形式是 communication(交流)。
例句:We should communicate with our parents more often.(我们应该多和父母交流。)
7. explain / k sple n/ v. 解释;说明
词根词缀拆解:ex-(向外、出来)+ plain(清楚、明白)→ 把(道理、原因)说清楚、讲出来 → 解释、说明。
词源故事:源自拉丁语 explanare,由 ex-(向外)+ planus(平坦的、清楚的)组成,本义是“使平坦、使清楚”,后来引申为“把不清楚的事情说清楚”,即“解释、说明”。
用法:常用搭配:explain sth. to sb.(向某人解释某事)、explain why/how…(解释为什么/如何…),不能说“explain sb. sth.”。
例句:The teacher explained the new word to us carefully.(老师仔细地向我们解释了这个新单词。)
8. thank /θ k/ v. 感谢;谢谢 n. 感谢;谢意
词根词缀拆解:本身为词根,无复杂组合,直接构成动词和名词,表“表达感激之情”。
词源故事:源自古英语 ancian,本义是“思考、考虑”,后来逐渐演变出“对他人的帮助表示感激”的含义,因为“感谢”本质上是对他人的善意进行思考和认可,最终固定为“感谢、谢谢”。
用法:① 动词:thank sb. for (doing) sth.(因某事感谢某人);② 名词:give thanks to sb.(向某人致谢)、thanks a lot(非常感谢)。
例句:I want to thank you for your help.(我想感谢你的帮助。)
9. encourage / n k r d / v. 鼓励;激励
词根词缀拆解:en-(使…处于某种状态)+ courage(勇气)→ 使某人拥有勇气 → 鼓励、激励。
词源故事:源自拉丁语 incurare,由 in-(使)+ cor(心)组成,本义是“使内心充满力量”,后来演变为“鼓励、激励”,强调给予他人勇气和信心,让其敢于去做某事。
用法:核心结构:encourage sb. to do sth.(鼓励某人做某事),名词形式是 encouragement(鼓励)。
例句:My teacher always encourages me to study hard.(我的老师总是鼓励我努力学习。)
10. solve /s lv/ v. 解决;解答
词根词缀拆解:solv(解开、松开)+ -e → 把难题解开、松开 → 解决、解答。
词源故事:源自拉丁语 solvere,本义是“解开、松开”,最初用于描述“解开绳索、锁链”,后来引申为“解决难题、解答问题”,强调找到解决问题的方法,使问题得到解决。
用法:常用搭配:solve a problem(解决问题)、solve a puzzle(解开谜题)、solve a question(解答问题),宾语多为“问题、难题”类名词。
例句:We need to find a way to solve this problem.(我们需要找到解决这个问题的方法。)
11. nervous / n v s/ adj. 紧张的;焦虑的
词根词缀拆解:nerv(神经)+ -ous(形容词后缀,表“充满…的、具有…性质的”)→ 神经紧绷的 → 紧张的、焦虑的。
词源故事:源自拉丁语 nervosus,由 nervus(神经)演变而来,本义是“与神经有关的”,因为人紧张、焦虑时,神经会处于紧绷状态,后来逐渐引申为“紧张的、焦虑的”,形容人的情绪状态。
用法:常用搭配:be nervous about sth.(对某事感到紧张)、be nervous to do sth.(做某事感到紧张)。
例句:She is nervous about the coming exam.(她对即将到来的考试感到紧张。)
12. support /s p t/ v. 支持;拥护 n. 支持;资助
词根词缀拆解:sup-(在…下面)+ port(携带、支撑)→ 在下面携带、支撑 → 支持、拥护。
词源故事:源自拉丁语 supportare,由 sub-(在下面)+ portare(携带、支撑)组成,本义是“在下面支撑”,后来引申为“从精神上、物质上支持他人”,既可以作动词,也可以作名词。
用法:① 动词:support sb.(支持某人)、support sth.(支持某事);② 名词:give support to sb.(给某人支持)、in support of(支持…)。
例句:My parents always support my dreams.(我的父母总是支持我的梦想。)
13. understand / nd st nd/ v. (understood, understood) 理解;明白
词根词缀拆解:under-(在…下面、深入)+ stand(站立、坚持)→ 深入站在(对方的角度)→ 理解、明白。
词源故事:源自古英语 understandan,由 under(深入)+ standan(站立)组成,本义是“站在下面、深入了解”,后来引申为“理解他人的想法、明白道理”,强调深入领会事物的含义。
用法:常用搭配:understand sb.(理解某人)、understand sth.(明白某事)、understand why/how…(明白为什么/如何…),过去式和过去分词均为 understood。
例句:I can’t understand what he is saying.(我不明白他在说什么。)
14. disagree / d s ɡri / v. 不同意;有分歧
词根词缀拆解:dis-(不、相反)+ agree(同意)→ 与“同意”相反 → 不同意、有分歧。
词源故事:由前缀 dis-(表示否定)和 agree(同意)组合而成,英语中很多“否定含义”的单词都是通过在原词前加 dis- 构成,disagree 本义就是“不同意他人的观点、与他人有分歧”,语气相对温和。
用法:常用搭配:disagree with sb.(不同意某人的观点)、disagree about/on sth.(就某事有分歧),反义词是 agree。
例句:I disagree with you. I think this plan is not good.(我不同意你的观点,我认为这个计划不好。)
15. fight /fa t/ v. (fought, fought) 争吵;打架;战斗 n. 争吵;打架
词根词缀拆解:本身为词根,无复杂组合,直接构成动词和名词,表“激烈的争执或对抗”。
词源故事:源自古英语 feohtan,本义是“战斗、搏斗”,最初用于描述战场上的对抗,后来逐渐引申为“人与人之间的争吵、打架”,既可以指肢体上的冲突,也可以指言语上的激烈争执。
用法:① 动词:fight with sb.(和某人打架/争吵)、fight for sth.(为某事而奋斗);② 名词:have a fight with sb.(和某人打架/争吵)。
例句:They fought with each other because of a small argument.(他们因为一场小争执而打了起来。)
16. deal with 处理;应对
词源故事:deal 源自古英语 d lan,本义是“分配、分发”,后来 deal with 逐渐引申为“处理事务、应对问题”,是初中阶段最常用的短语之一,强调“解决具体的问题或事务”,与 do with 含义相近,但搭配不同(how 搭配 deal with,what 搭配 do with)。
用法:常用搭配:deal with a problem(处理问题)、deal with a person(应对某人),注意与 how 连用(how to deal with),而 do with 与 what 连用(what to do with)。
例句:I don’t know how to deal with this difficult situation.(我不知道如何应对这种困难的局面。)
17. organize / ɡ na z/ v. 组织;安排
词根词缀拆解:organ(器官;组织)+ -ize(动词后缀,表“使…成为、使…处于某种状态”)→ 使事物形成有秩序的组织 → 组织、安排。
词源故事:源自拉丁语 organum(器官、工具),后来引申为“组织、机构”,动词 organize 则表示“将人或事物组织起来,形成有序的整体”,强调“安排、统筹”。(补充:美式拼写可作 organize,英式拼写为 organise,初中阶段重点掌握 organize。)
用法:常用搭配:organize an activity(组织一场活动)、organize a meeting(安排一场会议),名词形式是 organization(组织)。
例句:Our teacher organized a school trip last week.(我们老师上周组织了一次学校旅行。)
18. cooperate /k p re t/ v. 合作;协作
词根词缀拆解:co-(共同、一起)+ oper(工作)+ -ate(动词后缀,表“做、进行”)→ 一起工作 → 合作、协作。
词源故事:源自拉丁语 cooperari,由 co-(一起)+ operari(工作)组成,本义是“一起工作、共同努力”,强调人与人之间相互配合,完成共同的任务。
用法:常用搭配:cooperate with sb.(和某人合作)、cooperate on sth.(在某事上协作),名词形式是 cooperation(合作)。
例句:We need to cooperate with each other to finish this task.(我们需要相互合作来完成这项任务。)
19. praise /pre z/ v. & n. 表扬;赞扬
词根词缀拆解:本身为词根,无复杂组合,直接构成动词和名词,表“对他人的行为或成就给予肯定”。
词源故事:源自古法语 praise,最初源自拉丁语 pretium(价值、价格),本义是“认可某物的价值”,后来引申为“对他人的优点、成就进行表扬、赞扬”,语气积极正面。
用法:① 动词:praise sb. for sth.(因某事表扬某人);② 名词:give praise to sb.(表扬某人)、in praise of(赞扬…)。
例句:The teacher praised her for her good performance in class.(老师表扬了她在课堂上的良好表现。)
20. happy / h pi/ adj. 开心的;快乐的
词根词缀拆解:hap(运气、机会)+ -py(形容词后缀,表“充满…的”)→ 充满好运的 → 开心的、快乐的。
词源故事:源自古英语 hapig,由hap(运气)演变而来,最初表示“运气好的”,后来逐渐引申为“情绪愉悦、开心快乐的”,是最基础、最常用的形容词之一,适用范围极广。
用法:常用搭配:be happy about sth.(因某事开心)、be happy to do sth.(做某事很开心)、be happy with sb./sth.(对某人/某事满意),比较级 happier,最高级 happiest。
例句:I am happy to play with my friends.(和朋友们一起玩,我很开心。)
21. southern / s n/ adj. 南方的;南部的
词根词缀拆解:south(名词,南方)+ -ern(形容词后缀,表“…的”)→ 南方的、南部的(符合“名词+ern”构词法,初中常见同类词:northern、eastern)。
词源故事:源自中古英语 sutherne,由名词south(南方)加后缀 -ern 构成,south 源自古英语 sū ,本义是“太阳落下的方向”,后来固定为“南方”,southern 则表示“位于南方的、来自南方的”。
用法:常用搭配:southern part(南部地区)、southern cities(南方城市),注意首字母大写时(Southern)可表示“南方的”(特指某一区域,如Southern China 中国南方)。
例句:We are going to visit a city in the southern part of our country.(我们打算去我国南部的一座城市参观。)
22. curious / kj ri s/ adj. 好奇的;奇特的
词根词缀拆解:cur(关心、关注)+ -ious(形容词后缀,表“充满…的”)→ 充满关注的、总想探究的 → 好奇的。
词源故事:源自拉丁语curiosus,由 cura(关心、忧虑)演变而来,最初表示“过分关心的、爱打听的”,后来逐渐演变出“好奇的、想探究的”积极含义,现在多用来形容人对未知事物充满兴趣。
用法:常用搭配:be curious about sth.(对某事好奇)、be curious to do sth.(好奇做某事),副词形式是 curiously(好奇地)。
例句:The little boy is curious about all the new things around him.(这个小男孩对周围所有的新事物都很好奇。)
23. natural / n t r l/ adj. 自然的;天生的
词根词缀拆解:nature(名词,自然)+ -al(形容词后缀,表“…的”)→ 自然的、与自然有关的(符合“名词+al”构词法,初中常见同类词:national、personal)。
词源故事:源自拉丁语naturālis,由 natura(自然、本性)加后缀 -al 构成,natura 本义是“出生、本性”,后来引申为“自然、自然界”,natural 则表示“自然存在的、天生的”。
用法:常用搭配:natural scenery(自然风景)、natural ability(天生的能力),名词形式是 nature(自然)。
例句:We should protect the natural environment around us.(我们应该保护我们周围的自然环境。)
24. successfully /s k sesf li/ adv. 成功地;顺利地
词根词缀拆解:success(名词,成功)+ -ful(形容词后缀,表“充满…的”)→ successful(形容词,成功的)+ -ly(副词后缀,表“…地”)→ 成功地(构词逻辑:名词+ful→形容词+ly→副词,初中重点构词法)。
词源故事:源自拉丁语 successus,由 succedere(顺利进行、成功)演变而来,succedere 由 sub-(在下面)+ cedere(走)组成,本义是“走在前面、顺利推进”,后来引申为“成功”,副词形式 successfully 则表示“成功地完成某事”。
用法:修饰动词,放在动词之后,常用搭配:finish sth. successfully(成功完成某事)、do sth. successfully(成功做某事),形容词形式是 successful,名词形式是 success。
例句:They successfully finished the difficult task on time.(他们按时成功完成了这项困难的任务。)
25. changeable / t e nd bl/ adj. 易变的;多变的
词根词缀拆解:change(动词/名词,变化)+ -able(形容词后缀,表“可…的、易…的”)→ 易变化的、多变的(符合“动词/名词+able”构词法,初中常见同类词:comfortable、enjoyable)。
词源故事:源自中古英语 chaungeable,由动词 change(变化)加后缀 -able 构成,change源自古法语 changer,本义是“交换、改变”,changeable 则表示“容易发生变化的”,常用来形容天气、情绪等。
用法:常用搭配:changeable weather(多变的天气)、changeable mood(多变的情绪),动词形式是 change(变化)。
例句:The weather in spring is very changeable; we should take more clothes.(春天的天气非常多变,我们应该多带点衣服。)
26. risk /r sk/ v. 冒险;冒…的风险 n. 风险;危险
词根词缀拆解:本身为词根,无复杂组合,可直接构成动词和名词,表“可能发生的危险或冒险行为”。
词源故事:源自意大利语 rischio,最初用于航海领域,表示“航海中的危险”,后来逐渐引申为“各种可能发生的风险、危险”,动词含义则表示“主动承担风险去做某事”。
用法:① 动词:risk doing sth.(冒险做某事),不能说 risk to do sth.;② 名词:take a risk(冒险)、run a risk(冒险)、the risk of sth.(某事的风险)。
例句:He risked his life to save the little girl from the fire.(他冒着生命危险从火中救出了那个小女孩。)
三、巩固练习
(一)单项选择
单项选择(基础)
—My best friend refused ______ my birthday party. I feel sad. —Don’t worry. Maybe he is busy.
A. to come to B. coming to C. come to D. comes to
She ______ to help me with my English, and I thanked her sincerely.
A. replied B. offered C. explained D. communicated
—Could you ______ why you are late again —Sorry, my bike broke down on the way.
A. explain B. reply C. understand D. solve
My parents always ______ me to keep trying when I fail in exams.
A. praise B. encourage C. support D. thank
She feels ______ when she speaks in front of the whole class.
A. happy B. sad C. nervous D. proud
I ______ with my brother on where to go for vacation. He wants to go to the beach, but I want to go to the mountains.
A. agree B. disagree C. fight D. communicate
Our teacher ______ a group discussion yesterday, and we talked about our dreams freely.
A. organized B. cooperated C. praised D. offered
—Can you ______ what he said just now —Sorry, I can’t. He spoke too fast.
A. understand B. reply C. explain D. thank
They often ______ with each other about small things, but they are still good friends.
A. argue B. fight C. disagree D. support
The teacher ______ him for his great progress in math.
A. encouraged B. praised C. supported D. organized
We should ______ with our parents more often so that they can understand us better.
A. communicate B. argue C. fight D. refuse
I am ______ because I got good grades in the final exam.
A. sad B. nervous C. happy D. upset
The ______ part of our country is very warm in winter.
A. southern B. natural C. changeable D. curious
She is ______ about the new book and wants to read it as soon as possible.
A. successful B. curious C. natural D. risky
We should enjoy the ______ beauty of the countryside and protect it.
A. southern B. changeable C. natural D. successfully
The weather here is very ______; it may rain in the morning and be sunny in the afternoon.
A. southern B. changeable C. natural D. successful
单项选择(中档)
We need to ______ this problem together. It’s too difficult for me alone.
A. deal with B. argue about C. fight with D. cooperate with
He ______ to my question quickly, and his answer was very helpful.
A. explained B. replied C. solved D. understood
They ______ well in the group activity and finished it ahead of time.
A. organized B. praised C. cooperated D. fought
They ______ held the school sports meeting despite the bad weather.
A. successfully B. curious C. natural D. risk
Don’t ______ playing in the river; it’s very dangerous.
A. risk B. successful C. curious D. natural
(二)用所给词的适当形式填空
用所给词的适当形式填空(基础)
She felt ______ (sad) because she couldn’t find her lost cat.
He refused ______ (help) me with my homework.
She offered ______ (carry) the heavy box for the old man.
He didn’t reply to ______ (I) message.
We should communicate more with our ______ (parent).
The teacher explained the new lesson ______ (careful) to us.
I want to thank you for ______ (help) me out of trouble.
Her teacher encouraged her ______ (keep) trying.
She is nervous about ______ (take) the final exam.
My parents always support my ______ (dream).
I can’t understand what he ______ (say) just now.
They fought with each other and ______ (hurt) each other’s feelings.
Children are always ______ (curious) about the world around them.
My parents often argue about ______ (small) things.
用所给词的适当形式填空(中档)
The ______ (south) cities of China are famous for their delicious food.
It is ______ (nature) for parents to care about their children.
He finished the project ______ (success) with the help of his classmates.
The ______ (change) weather often makes people feel uncomfortable.
He risked ______ (climb) the mountain alone.
We need to find a way ______ (solve) this difficult problem.
They disagree about ______ (go) for the weekend.
(三)根据汉语意思完成句子
根据汉语意思完成句子(基础)
他拒绝参加我的生日派对。 He ______ ______ ______ to my birthday party.
我们应该多和父母沟通。 We should ______ ______ our parents more often.
老师向我们解释了这个问题的答案。 The teacher ______ the answer to the problem ______ us.
我的朋友鼓励我勇敢地面对困难。 My friend ______ me ______ face difficulties bravely.
她因为丢了钱包而感到难过。 She felt ______ ______ losing her wallet.
他没有回复我的电子邮件。 He didn’t ______ ______ my email.
老师表扬了他在课堂上的良好表现。 The teacher ______ him ______ his good performance in class.
他们就周末去哪里旅行有分歧。 They ______ ______ each other about where to travel on weekends.
中国南部的天气冬天很暖和。 The weather in the ______ ______ of China is very warm in winter.
他对这个古老的故事感到很好奇。 He is ______ ______ this old story.
这里的天气多变,你最好带把伞。 The weather here is very ______; you’d better take an umbrella.
根据汉语意思完成句子(中档)
我不知道如何处理这个问题。 I don’t know how to ______ ______ this problem.
我们需要合作来解决这个问题。 We need to ______ ______ each other to solve this problem.
我们应该保护自然界的自然美景。 We should protect the ______ beauty of the ______.
他成功地通过了这次重要的考试。 He ______ ______ this important exam.
不要冒险去做危险的事情。 Don’t ______ ______ doing dangerous things.
四、参考答案+详细解析
(一)单项选择
单项选择(基础)
A 解析:refuse 后接不定式,即 refuse to do sth.(拒绝做某事),come to 表示“参加”,故选A。
B 解析:reply(回答);offer(主动提出);explain(解释);communicate(交流)。根据“我真诚地感谢她”,可知是“主动提出帮忙”,选B。
A 解析:explain(解释);reply(回答);understand(理解);solve(解决)。根据“你能解释一下你为什么又迟到吗”,选A。
B 解析:praise(表扬);encourage(鼓励);support(支持);thank(感谢)。encourage sb. to do sth.(鼓励某人做某事),符合“考试失败时鼓励我继续努力”的语境,选B。
C 解析:happy(开心的);sad(难过的);nervous(紧张的);proud(骄傲的)。根据“在全班面前说话”,可知是“紧张的”,选C。
B 解析:agree(同意);disagree(不同意);fight(打架);communicate(交流)。根据“他想去海边,我想去山里”,可知是“有分歧、不同意”,选B。
A 解析:organized(组织);cooperated(合作);praised(表扬);offered(主动提出)。organize a group discussion(组织小组讨论),符合语境,选A。
A 解析:understand(理解、明白);reply(回答);explain(解释);thank(感谢)。根据“他说得太快了”,可知是“不明白他说的话”,选A。
A 解析:argue with sb.(和某人争吵);fight with sb.(和某人打架);disagree with sb.(不同意某人);support sb.(支持某人)。根据“但他们仍然是好朋友”,可知是“争吵”,选A。
B 解析:encouraged(鼓励);praised(表扬);supported(支持);organized(组织)。praise sb. for sth.(因某事表扬某人),符合“因数学进步表扬他”的语境,选B。
A 解析:communicate(交流);argue(争吵);fight(打架);refuse(拒绝)。communicate with sb.(和某人交流),符合“让父母更好地理解我们”的语境,选A。
C 解析:sad(难过的);nervous(紧张的);happy(开心的);upset(沮丧的)。根据“期末考试取得好成绩”,可知是“开心的”,选C。
A 解析:southern(南方的);natural(自然的);changeable(多变的);curious(好奇的)。根据“冬天很暖和”,可知是“南方的地区”,选A。
B 解析:successful(成功的,形容词);curious(好奇的);natural(自然的);risky(有风险的)。be curious about sth.(对某事好奇),符合语境,选B。
C 解析:southern(南方的);changeable(多变的);natural(自然的);successfully(成功地,副词)。natural beauty(自然美景),符合语境,选C。
B 解析:southern(南方的);changeable(多变的);natural(自然的);successful(成功的,形容词)。根据“早上可能下雨,下午可能晴天”,可知是“多变的”,选B。
单项选择(中档)
A 解析:deal with(处理);argue about(就某事争论);fight with(和某人打架);cooperate with(和某人合作)。根据“这个问题对我来说太难了”,可知是“一起处理这个问题”,选A。
B 解析:explained(解释);replied(回答、回应);solved(解决);understood(理解)。reply to sth.(回应某事),结合“他的答案很有帮助”,可知是“快速回应我的问题”,选B。
C 解析:organized(组织);praised(表扬);cooperated(合作);fought(打架、争吵)。cooperate well(合作得好),符合“提前完成任务”的语境,选C。
A 解析:successfully(成功地,副词);curious(好奇的,形容词);natural(自然的,形容词);risk(冒险,动词/名词)。此处修饰动词held,需用副词,结合“尽管天气不好”,可知是“成功举办运动会”,选A。
A 解析:risk(冒险,动词);successful(成功的,形容词);curious(好奇的,形容词);natural(自然的,形容词)。risk doing sth.(冒险做某事),符合“在河里玩很危险”的语境,选A。
(二)用所给词的适当形式填空
用所给词的适当形式填空(基础)
sad 解析:feel 是系动词,后接形容词作表语,sad 本身就是形容词,无需变形。
to help 解析:refuse 后接不定式作宾语,固定搭配为 refuse to do sth.(拒绝做某事),故填 to help。
to carry 解析:offer 后接不定式作宾语,固定搭配为 offer to do sth.(主动提出做某事),故填 to carry。
my 解析:此处修饰名词 message,需用形容词性物主代词,I 的形容词性物主代词是 my。
parents 解析:parent 是可数名词,结合 our(我们的)可知,此处需用复数形式 parents。
carefully 解析:此处修饰动词 explained(解释),需用副词,careful 的副词形式是 carefully。
helping 解析:thank sb. for doing sth. 是固定搭配,for 是介词,后接动名词形式,故填 helping。
to keep 解析:encourage 后接不定式作宾语补足语,固定搭配为 encourage sb. to do sth.(鼓励某人做某事),故填 to keep。
taking 解析:be nervous about doing sth. 是固定搭配,about 是介词,后接动名词形式,故填 taking。
dreams 解析:dream 是可数名词,结合 my(我的)可知,此处可填单数(泛指一个梦想)或复数(泛指多个梦想),结合语境,填复数 dreams 更贴合“父母支持我的梦想”的普遍语境。
said 解析:根据时间状语 just now(刚才),可知句子时态为一般过去时,say 的过去式是 said。
hurt 解析:and 连接两个并列谓语,前面 fought 是 fight 的过去式,故此处 hurt 也用过去式,hurt 的过去式与原形一致,仍为 hurt。
curious 解析:be curious about sth. 是固定搭配,curious 是形容词,此处无需变形,直接填 curious。
small 解析:此处修饰名词 things,需用形容词,small 本身就是形容词,无需变形,此处表示“小事”。
用所给词的适当形式填空(中档)
southern 解析:此处修饰名词 cities,需用形容词,south 是名词(南方),其形容词形式是 southern(南方的)。
natural 解析:it is + 形容词 + for sb. to do sth. 是固定句型,此处需填形容词,nature 是名词(自然),其形容词形式是 natural(自然的)。
successfully 解析:此处修饰动词 finished(完成),需用副词,success 是名词(成功),其副词形式是 successfully(成功地)。
changeable 解析:此处修饰名词 weather,需用形容词,change 是动词/名词(变化),其形容词形式是 changeable(多变的)。
climbing 解析:risk 后接动名词作宾语,固定搭配为 risk doing sth.(冒险做某事),故填 climbing。
to solve 解析:a way to do sth. 是固定搭配,表示“做某事的方法”,此处用不定式作后置定语,故填 to solve。
going 解析:disagree about 后接动名词作宾语,about 是介词,故填 going。
(三)根据汉语意思完成句子
根据汉语意思完成句子(基础)
refused to come 解析:“拒绝做某事”用 refuse to do sth.,“参加”用 come to,结合句意,句子时态为一般过去时,refuse 的过去式是 refused,故填 refused to come。
communicate with 解析:“和某人沟通”用 communicate with sb.,should 后接动词原形,故填 communicate with。
explained; to 解析:“向某人解释某事”用 explain sth. to sb.,结合句意,句子时态为一般过去时,explain 的过去式是 explained,故填 explained; to。
encouraged; to 解析:“鼓励某人做某事”用 encourage sb. to do sth.,结合句意,句子时态为一般过去时,encourage 的过去式是 encouraged,故填 encouraged; to。
sad about 解析:“因某事难过”用 be sad about sth.,feel 后接形容词 sad,故填 sad about。
reply to 解析:“回复某人/某事”用 reply to sb./sth.,didn’t 后接动词原形,故填 reply to。
praised; for 解析:“因某事表扬某人”用 praise sb. for sth.,结合句意,句子时态为一般过去时,praise 的过去式是 praised,故填 praised; for。
disagree with 解析:“不同意某人”用 disagree with sb.,结合句意,句子时态为一般现在时,主语是 they,谓语用原形,故填 disagree with。
southern part解析:“南部”用 southern part,“中国南部”是 the southern part of China,故填 southern part。
curious about 解析:“对某事好奇”用 be curious about sth.,故填 curious about。
changeable 解析:“多变的”用形容词 changeable,此处作表语,故填 changeable。
根据汉语意思完成句子(中档)
deal with 解析:“处理”用 deal with,how to 后接动词原形,故填 deal with。
cooperate with 解析:“和某人合作”用 cooperate with sb.,need to 后接动词原形,故填 cooperate with。
natural; nature 解析:第一个空修饰名词 beauty,需用形容词 natural(自然的);第二个空“自然界”用名词 nature,故填 natural; nature。
successfully passed 解析:“成功地通过”用 successfully pass,结合句意,句子时态为一般过去时,pass 的过去式是 passed,故填 successfully passed。
risk doing 解析:“冒险做某事”用 risk doing sth.,Don’t 后接动词原形,故填 risk doing。

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