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译林版·八年级英语下册期中复习
——Unit 4 A good read · 考点13：must与have to的辨析
本考点源自Unit 4 Grammar。must和have to都可以表示“必须”，但它们的用法、语气、否定形式和时态变化有很大不同。掌握这两个词的辨析，对单项选择、完形填空和写作都至关重要。
一、基本含义对比
must：表示“必须”，强调说话人的主观看法，即“我认为有必要”。
have to：表示“不得不”，强调客观需要或外界要求，即“环境迫使我必须做”。
I must finish my homework. (我自己觉得必须完成)
I have to finish my homework. (老师要求或作业太多，不得不做)
二、用法详细对比
1. 来源不同
— must：主观义务，说话人认为有必要。
— have to：客观需要，外界条件迫使。
You must see a doctor. (我认为你应该去看医生)
I have to see a doctor. (我生病了，不得不去看)
2. 否定形式不同
— mustn't：表示“禁止，不允许”，语气强烈。
— don't have to：表示“不必，没必要”，相当于needn't。
You mustn't smoke here. (禁止吸烟)
You don't have to come if you're busy. (不必来)
3. 时态变化不同
— must：没有过去式，也没有将来式。表示过去“必须”用had to；将来用will have to。
— have to：有人称、数和时态的变化。第三人称单数用has to，过去式用had to，将来式用will have to。
He had to work late yesterday. (昨天不得不加班)
We will have to leave early tomorrow. (明天将不得不早走)
4. 疑问句形式不同
— Must I... 回答：Yes, you must. / No, you needn't. 或 No, you don't have to.
— Do/Does/Did I have to... 回答：Yes, you do/does/did. / No, you don't/doesn't/didn't.
Must I finish today — No, you needn't. (不必)
Do I have to wear a uniform — Yes, you do.
三、经典例题解析
例1： You ______ smoke here. Look at the sign “No Smoking”.
A. must B. mustn't C. have to D. don't have to
答案：B。解析：根据“禁止吸烟”标志，表示禁止，用mustn't。
例2： I ______ finish the report today. The boss needs it tomorrow morning.
A. must B. have to C. may D. can
答案：B。解析：老板需要，是客观要求，用have to。
例3： — Must I clean the room now — No, you ______. You can do it later.
A. mustn't B. needn't C. can't D. shouldn't
答案：B。解析：回答must提问的否定用needn't或don't have to。
例4： He ______ stay up late because he had a lot of work to do.
A. must B. had to C. has to D. have to
答案：B。解析：过去时，用had to。
例5： You ______ worry about me. I can take care of myself.
A. mustn't B. don't have to C. needn't D. B and C
答案：D。解析：表示“不必担心”，可用don't have to或needn't。
四、分层精练（共40题）
A组 · 用must, mustn't, have to, don't have to的适当形式填空（每题1分，共15分）
1. You ______ smoke in the hospital. It's not allowed.
2. I ______ finish my homework before I can watch TV.
3. It's raining outside, so she ______ take an umbrella.
4. You ______ come if you are busy. I can do it myself.
5. Students ______ arrive on time for class.
6. He ______ work late yesterday because of the project.
7. You ______ tell lies. It's not good.
8. We ______ hurry. The train leaves in ten minutes.
9. She ______ wear glasses because her eyesight is poor.
10. You ______ pay for the meal. It's my treat.
11. Drivers ______ stop when the traffic light is red.
12. I ______ get up early tomorrow because I have a meeting.
13. You ______ play with fire. It's dangerous.
14. They ______ leave early to catch the bus.
15. You ______ finish all the work today. You can do some tomorrow.
B组 · 单项选择（每题2分，共16分）
1. You ______ cross the road when the traffic light is red.
A. must B. mustn't C. have to D. don't have to
2. I'm feeling terrible. I ______ see a doctor.
A. must B. have to C. may D. can
3. — Must I return the book tomorrow — No, you ______. You can keep it for another week.
A. mustn't B. needn't C. can't D. shouldn't
4. He ______ stay up late to finish the report last night.
A. must B. had to C. has to D. have to
5. You ______ worry about me. I'm fine.
A. mustn't B. don't have to C. needn't D. B and C
6. Students ______ wear uniforms in this school.
A. must B. have to C. may D. can
7. — Do I have to clean the room — Yes, you ______.
A. must B. have to C. do D. are
8. We ______ leave now, or we'll be late for the movie.
A. must B. have to C. may D. can
C组 · 句型转换（每题2分，共10分）
1. You mustn't smoke here. (改为祈使句)
______ ______ here.
2. I have to finish the work today. (改为否定句)
I ______ ______ ______ finish the work today.
3. He had to leave early yesterday. (改为一般疑问句)
______ he ______ to leave early yesterday
4. Must I come to the meeting (作否定回答)
No, you ______. / No, you ______ ______ ______.
5. She has to wear glasses. (对划线部分提问)
______ does she have to ______
D组 · 根据汉语完成句子（每题2分，共10分）
1. 你必须在图书馆保持安静。
You ______ keep quiet in the library.
2. 她昨天不得不加班到很晚。
She ______ ______ work late yesterday.
3. 你不必等我了。先走吧。
You ______ ______ ______ wait for me. Go first.
4. 禁止在教室里跑。
You ______ run in the classroom.
5. 我们必须保护环境。
We ______ protect the environment.
E组 · 语篇填空（每空1分，共10分）
Dear students,
Welcome to our school library. Here are some rules you ______ (1) follow. First, you ______ (2) talk loudly in the library. Please keep quiet. Second, you ______ (3) eat or drink in the library. Third, you ______ (4) return the books on time. If you ______ (5) return them late, you will pay a fine. You ______ (6) borrow up to five books at a time. You ______ (7) have a library card to borrow books. If you don't have one, you ______ (8) apply for one at the front desk. You ______ (9) worry about the cost — it's free. But you ______ (10) take good care of the books.
F组 · 改错（每句只有一处错误，找出并改正，每题2分，共10分）
1. You mustn't to smoke here. It's not allowed.
2. I have to finished the work .
3. Must I have to wear a uniform — No, you needn't.
4. She doesn't have to comes if she is busy.
5. You must worry about me. I can take care of myself.
G组 · 情景对话填空（每空1分，共8分）
A: Mum, (1) ______ I go out to play with my friends
B: Have you finished your homework
A: Not yet. But I only have a little left.
B: You (2) ______ finish your homework first. Then you can go out.
A: (3) ______ I finish it all today
B: Yes, you (4) ______. It's important.
A: What if I can't finish it
B: Then you (5) ______ stay at home and finish it. You (6) ______ worry — you can do it. I believe in you.
A: OK. I (7) ______ hurry up.
B: Remember, you (8) ______ leave your room until you finish. Good luck!
H组 · 经典例题再练（每题2分，共10分）
1. You ______ smoke here. Look at the sign “No Smoking”.
2. I ______ finish the report today. The boss needs it tomorrow morning.
3. — Must I clean the room now — No, you ______.
4. He ______ stay up late because he had a lot of work to do.
5. You ______ worry about me. I can take care of myself.
参考答案
A组：
1. mustn't 2. have to 3. has to 4. don't have to 5. must/have to 6. had to 7. mustn't 8. must/have to 9. has to 10. don't have to 11. must/have to 12. have to 13. mustn't 14. Have to 15. don't have to
B组：
1. B 2. B 3. B 4. B 5. D 6. B 7. C 8. A
C组：
1. Don't smoke 2. don't have to 3. Did; have 4. needn't; don't have to 5. What; do
D组：
1. must/have to 2. had to 3. don't have to 4. mustn't 5. must
E组：
1. must/have to 2. mustn't 3. mustn't 4. must/have to 5. have to 6. can/may 7. must/have to 8. have to 9. don't have to 10. must
F组：
1. 去掉to (mustn't smoke) 2. finished → finish (have to do) 3. 去掉have to (Must I wear...) 4. comes → come (have to do) 5. must → needn't / don't have to
G组：
1. may/can 2. must/have to 3. Must/Do I have to 4. must 5. will have to 6. don't have to 7. must/have to 8. mustn't
H组：
1. mustn't 2. have to 3. needn't / don't have to 4. had to 5. don't have to / needn't
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