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译林版·八年级英语下册期中复习
——Unit 4 A good read · 考点12：疑问词 + 动词不定式
本考点源自Unit 4 Grammar。“疑问词 + 动词不定式”结构在英语中非常实用，常用来简化宾语从句，使表达更简洁。掌握这一结构对提高阅读和写作能力有很大帮助。
一、基本结构
疑问词（what, which, who, whom, whose, when, where, how）+ 动词不定式（to do）
这种结构可以在句子中作主语、宾语、表语等成分，相当于一个名词短语。
I don't know what to do. (我不知道该做什么。)
Can you tell me how to get there (你能告诉我怎么去那里吗？)
The question is where to go. (问题是要去哪里。)
二、常见疑问词及用法
1. what + to do — 表示“做什么”
I don't know what to say. (我不知道该说什么。)
She taught me what to do. (她教我该做什么。)
2. how + to do — 表示“怎样做”
Please show me how to start the computer.
Do you know how to solve this problem
3. where + to do — 表示“在哪里做”
I wonder where to go for the holiday.
Can you tell me where to buy the ticket
4. when + to do — 表示“什么时候做”
Please tell me when to leave.
He can't decide when to start.
5. which + to do — 表示“选择哪一个做”
She can't decide which to choose.
Tell me which to buy.
6. whether + to do — 表示“是否做”（whether相当于if）
I haven't decided whether to go or not.
She wondered whether to accept the invitation.
三、常见动词搭配
以下动词后常接“疑问词 + 动词不定式”结构：
know — Do you know how to use this app
tell — Please tell me when to leave.
show — Can you show me how to get there
teach — She taught me what to do.
decide — He can't decide where to go.
ask — He asked me where to put the box.
learn — I'm learning how to cook.
forget — I forgot what to say.
四、与宾语从句的转换
“疑问词 + 动词不定式”结构通常可以转换为宾语从句，反之亦然。但要注意：当主句主语与从句主语一致时，才能用不定式结构简化。
I don't know what I should do. → I don't know what to do.
Can you tell me how I can get there → Can you tell me how to get there
She hasn't decided where she will go. → She hasn't decided where to go.
注意：如果宾语从句的主语与主句主语不一致，则不能直接转换为不定式结构。
I want to know where she will go. (不能改为 where to go，因为主语不同)
五、经典例题解析
例1： I don't know ______ (what/how) to do next.
答案：what。解析：what to do表示“做什么”，how to do后需要加宾语，如how to do it。
例2： Can you tell me ______ (where/what) to get to the station
答案：how。解析：问“怎么去车站”，用how to get there。
例3： Please show me ______ (how/when) to start this online tour.
答案：how。解析：问“如何开始”，用how。
例4： She can't decide ______ (which/what) book to read first.
答案：which。解析：从多个中选择，用which。
例5： I haven't decided ______ (whether/if) to go to the party.
答案：whether。解析：whether to do是固定搭配，if不能用于不定式前。
六、分层精练（共40题）
A组 · 用 what / how / where / when / which / whether 填空（每题1分，共12分）
1. I don't know ______ to do next.
2. Can you tell me ______ to get to the library
3. Please show me ______ to start the computer.
4. She can't decide ______ to go for the summer holiday.
5. He asked me ______ to leave for the airport.
6. There are so many books. I don't know ______ to choose.
7. I haven't decided ______ to accept the job offer.
8. Do you know ______ to use this new software
9. Please tell me ______ to put the box.
10. She taught me ______ to cook.
11. I forgot ______ to say at the meeting.
12. The question is ______ to start.
B组 · 单项选择（每题2分，共16分）
1. I don't know ______ to do. Can you help me
A. what B. how C. where D. when
2. Can you tell me ______ to get to the nearest bank
A. what B. how C. where D. which
3. Please show me ______ to use the remote control.
A. what B. how C. where D. when
4. There are so many beautiful dresses. I can't decide ______ to buy.
A. what B. how C. where D. which
5. He asked me ______ to leave for Beijing.
A. what B. how C. where D. when
6. I haven't decided ______ to go to the party or not.
A. if B. whether C. what D. which
7. Do you know ______ to get to the museum I'm lost.
A. what B. how C. where D. when
8. She taught me ______ to cook Chinese food.
A. what B. how C. where D. when
C组 · 句型转换（每题2分，共12分）
1. I don't know what I should do.
I don't know ______ ______ ______.
2. Can you tell me how I can get to the station
Can you tell me ______ ______ ______ to the station
3. She hasn't decided where she will go.
She hasn't decided ______ ______ ______.
4. Please tell me when I should leave.
Please tell me ______ ______ ______.
5. He can't decide which one he should choose.
He can't decide ______ ______ ______.
6. I haven't decided whether I will go or not.
I haven't decided ______ ______ ______ or not.
D组 · 根据汉语完成句子（每题2分，共12分）
1. 我不知道下一步该做什么。
I don't know ______ ______ ______ next.
2. 你能告诉我怎么去火车站吗？
Can you tell me ______ ______ ______ to the railway station
3. 她还没决定去哪儿度假。
She hasn't decided ______ ______ ______ for the holiday.
4. 请告诉我什么时候离开。
Please tell me ______ ______ ______.
5. 有这么多书，我不知道选哪一本。
There are so many books. I don't know ______ ______ ______.
6. 我正在学习如何使用这个软件。
I'm learning ______ ______ ______ this software.
E组 · 用所给动词的适当形式填空（每题2分，共12分）
1. I don't know what ______ (do) next.
2. Can you tell me how ______ (get) to the museum
3. She is learning how ______ (cook).
4. He can't decide where ______ (go) for the holiday.
5. Please show me when ______ (leave).
6. I haven't decided whether ______ (accept) the invitation.
F组 · 语篇填空（每空1分，共8分）
Dear Tom,
I'm writing to ask for your help. I have just bought a new computer, but I don't know ______ (1) to use it. Can you tell me ______ (2) to turn it on Also, I don't know ______ (3) to find the Internet connection. There are so many icons on the screen. I don't know ______ (4) to click. Could you show me ______ (5) to download a web browser I also need to know ______ (6) to send emails. Please tell me ______ (7) to do first. I haven't decided ______ (8) to buy a new printer or not. What do you think
Yours,
Li Hua
G组 · 改错（每句只有一处错误，找出并改正，每题2分，共10分）
1. I don't know how to do. Can you help me
2. Can you tell me what to get to the station
3. She can't decide which to go for the holiday.
4. Please show me where to start the car.
5. I haven't decided if to go to the party.
H组 · 经典例题再练（每题2分，共10分）
1. I don't know ______ to do next.
2. Can you tell me ______ to get to the station
3. Please show me ______ to start this online tour.
4. She can't decide ______ book to read first.
5. I haven't decided ______ to go to the party.
参考答案（教师用卷）
A组：
1. what 2. how 3. how 4. where 5. when 6. which 7. whether 8. how 9. where 10. how 11. what 12. when
B组：
1. A 2. B 3. B 4. D 5. D 6. B 7. B 8. B
C组：
1. what to do 2. how to get 3. where to go 4. when to leave 5. which to choose 6. whether to go
D组：
1. what to do 2. how to get 3. where to go 4. when to leave 5. which to choose 6. how to use
E组：
1. to do 2. to get 3. to cook 4. to go 5. to leave 6. to accept
F组：
1. how 2. how 3. how 4. which 5. how 6. how 7. what 8. whether
G组：
1. how → what 2. what → how 3. which → where (或改为 which place to go) 4. where → how 5. if → whether
H组：
1. what 2. how 3. how 4. which 5. whether
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