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(共37张PPT)
Unit 6
Crossing Cultures
UNIT
6
Conjunctions (so…that, unless, as soon as)
能够理解并在语境中准确使用 unless 引导的条件状语从句、so … that 引导的结果状语从句和 as soon as 引导的时间状语从句。
能够理解后缀为 -ing 和 -ed 的形容词的意义区别，并在语境中恰当运用这两类形容词。
能够将 unless、so … that、as soon as 引导的状语从句和后缀为 -ing 和 -ed 的形容词综合运用于文化冲击相关内容的语篇。
能够理解世界文化的多元性和丰富性，培养对不同文化的好奇心和同理心，不断积累文化知识，拓宽文化视野。
Read the sentences. Pay attention to the words in red and translate the sentences into Chinese.
Do you ever bow No, that’s so formal that we don’t do it these days.
Should I bring something Sure. Bring a small gift, but don’t bring food unless the host asks you to.
I was surprised by your bow. We usually
just say “hello” or shake hands in the US. That’s surprising! In Japan, we bow as soon as we meet a teacher.
不，那太正式了，我们现在都不这么做了。
当然可以。带个小礼物就好，但除非主人邀请，否则别带食物。
这真让人意外！在日本，我们一见到老师就会鞠躬。
What do the words in red mean
No, that’s so formal that we don’t do it these days.
Sure. Bring a small gift, but don’t bring food unless the host asks you to.
That’s surprising! In Japan, we bow as soon as we meet a teacher.
so … that: used to show cause and effect
unless: used to show the condition needed
as soon as: used to show the time (at the same moment or immediately after something happens)
这些连接词分别表示什么逻辑关系？
No, that’s so formal that we don’t do it these days.
Life is so precious that we should cherish every moment.
Time is so valuable that we must use it wisely.
He ran so quickly that nobody could catch up with him.
在 so … that 句式中，so 后面的词一般是什么词性？
形容词
副词
so 后接形容词或副词，强调程度。
so … that 意为 “如此……以至于……” ，表示因果关系。
that引导结果状语从句表示结果
Read these sentences and answer the following question.
Bring a small gift, but don’t bring food unless the host asks you to.
Don’t call him unless it is necessary.
I won’t go to the party unless I am invited.
Unless you try your best, you’ll never know what you can achieve.
We’ll be late unless we get a taxi.
unless 引导的条件状语从句与 if 从句有什么区别？
Read these sentences and answer the following question.
unless 相当于 if … not，意为 “除非；如果不”，表示唯一条件。
从句位置比较灵活，可放在主句后或主句前。
In Japan, we bow as soon as we meet a teacher.
The boy ran to his mother as soon as he saw her.
I’ll visit you as soon as I get to Beijing.
As soon as it stops raining, we’ll go out to work again.
在 as soon as 引导的时间状语从句中，表示将来意义时一般用什么时态？
as soon as 引导的从句表示将来意义时，需用一般现在时。
as soon as意为“一…… 就……”，是时间关系，表示两个动作在时间上紧密相连，几乎同时发生。
一般现在时
从句位置比较灵活，可放在主句后或主句前。
Read these sentences and answer the following question.
语法结构 意义用法及例句
so … that so … that 意为 _____________________，其中 that 引导结果状语从句。
so 后接______词或_____词，强调程度，that 引导的从句表示结果。
常见结构：so +形容词 / 副词+ that从句
The old man is so weak that he can’t stand up.
The accident happened so fast that I didn’t notice it.
“如此……以至于……”
形容 副
语法结构 意义用法及例句
so … that so +形容词+ a / an +单数可数名词+ that从句
It’s so big a cake that we can’t eat it up today.
so +形容词+不可数名词/复数可数名词+ that从句
There was so much smoke that they couldn’t see anything in the room.
There are so many dresses on sale that I don’t know which one to choose.
such ... that ...表示“如此……以至于……”，常用于引导结果状语从句。
常见结构：such + a / an +形容词+单数可数名词+ that从句
such +形容词+复数可数名词 / 不可数名词+ that从句
e.g. It was such a long way that it took us an hour to arrive.
It’s such bad weather that we can’t go for a picnic today.
so ... that ...结构有时可以和such ... that ...结构相互转换。
e.g. It’s so expensive a bike that I can’t afford it.
=It’s such an expensive bike that I can’t afford it.
e.g. He spoke in a loud voice so that everyone could hear him.
so that ...可引导目的状语从句，意为“以便；为了”，从句中的谓语动词常和can，may, could等情态动词连用。
so that ...也可引导结果状语从句，意为“因此”。
e.g. There are no buses so that we’ll have to walk.
语法结构 意义用法及例句
unless unless 引导条件状语从句。
unless 相当于 _________，意为 “_______________”，表示唯一条件。
unless 引导的从句位置比较灵活，可放在主句后或主句前。
通常情况下，在含有unless的复合句中，如果主句用一般将来时、祈使句或主句的谓语部分含有情态动词，那么unless引导的从句常用_________时。
Unless you go with me, I won’t go there.
= If you don’t go with me, I won’t go there.
if … not
除非；如果不
一般现在
语法结构 意义用法及例句
as soon as as soon as 意为 __________________，引导时间状语从句，表示两个动作在时间上紧密相连，几乎同时发生。
as soon as 引导的从句表示将来意义时，需用
__________时。
as soon as 引导的从句位置比较灵活，可放在主句后或主句前。
I’ll call you as soon as I arrive in Beijing.
= As soon as I arrive in Beijing, I’ll call you.
一般现在
“一…… 就……”
Read the sentences. Pay attention to the words in blue and translate the sentences into Chinese.
I was surprised by your bow. We usually just say “hello” or shake hands in the US. That’s surprising! In Japan, we bow as soon as we meet a teacher.
Don’t look so embarrassed! But it is embarrassing.
你的鞠躬让我很惊讶。在美国我们通常只说 “你好” 或者握手。
真令人惊讶！在日本，我们一见到老师就鞠躬。
别显得那么尴尬！
可这真的很让人尴尬。
How are the pairs of words in blue used differently
I was surprised by your bow. We usually just say “hello” or shake hands in the US. That’s surprising! In Japan, we bow as soon as we meet a teacher.
Don’t look so embarrassed! But it is embarrassing.
surprised & embarrassed: used to describe a feeling that someone feels.
surprising & embarrassing: used to describe something or someone that causes the feeling in someone.
-ing
That’s surprising!
But it is embarrassing.
The ending of the movie was surprising.
Studying English is interesting.
Jim’s improper table manners were embarrassing.
She is an amazing teacher.
Read these sentences and answer the following question.
形容词后缀-ing 表示什么意思？
形容词后缀 -ing 意为 “……的”，通常用来描述事物的属性或特性，有时也可用来表述人的特性。
电影结尾令人惊讶
学习是有趣的
不得体的餐桌礼仪令人尴尬
描述老师的特性
-ed
I was surprised by your bow.
Don’t look so embarrassed!
I was surprised at the movie’s ending.
I am interested in studying English.
Jim felt embarrassed about his improper table manners.
I got confused trying to make sense of the story.
形容词后缀-ed 表示什么意思？
形容词后缀 -ed 意为 “使（人）感到……的”，一般用来描述人的感受或情绪。
我的感受
我的感受
Jim的感受
我的感受
Read these sentences and answer the following question.
What’s the difference between them
-ing -ed
That’s surprising! But it is embarrassing. The ending of the movie was surprising. Studying English is interesting. Jim’s improper table manners were embarrassing. The novel tells a confusing story. I was surprised by your bow.
Don’t look so embarrassed!
I was surprised at the movie’s ending.
I am interested in studying English.
Jim felt embarrassed about his improper table manners.
I got confused trying to make sense of the story.
含有后缀 -ing 的形容词表示某物或人的特性，具有主动意义；
含有后缀 -ed 的形容词则表示某人因受影响而产生的感受或情绪，具有被动意义。
-ing -ed
“……的”，通常用来描述事物的属性或特性，有时也可用来表述人的特性。 某事 / 物+be+该类动词的-ing形式 “使（人）感到……的”，一般用来描述人的感受或情绪。
某人+be+该类动词的-ed形式+其他
含有后缀 -ing 的形容词表示某物或人的特性，具有主动意义；而含有后缀 -ed 的形容词则表示某人因受影响而产生的感受或情绪，具有被动意义。
动词 -ing 形容词（令人……的） -ed 形容词（感到……的）
surprise surprising surprised
interest interesting interested
embarrass embarrassing embarrassed
excite exciting excited
bore boring bored
relax relaxing relaxed
tire tiring tired
confuse confusing confused
amaze amazing amazed
please pleasing pleased
Combine the sentences using the words in brackets.
1. Türkiye: People don’t kiss one another on the cheek. They can do so if they are good friends. (unless)
In Türkiye, people don’t kiss one another on the cheek unless they are good friends.
2. Japan: Take off your shoes. You do this when you enter someone’s home. (as soon as)
In Japan, you should take off your shoes as soon as you enter someone’s home.
3. Kenya: Being late is very common. You should be patient and not expect people to be on time. (so ... that)
4. China: Sticking chopsticks into a bowl of rice is very rude. You should avoid it. (so ... that)
In Kenya, being late is so common that you should be patient and not expect people to be on time.
In China, sticking chopsticks into a bowl of rice is so rude that you should avoid it.
5. Mexico: Don’t use someone’s first name if you don’t know him or her well. You can use it if the person invites you to do so. (unless)
In Mexico, don’t use someone’s first name unless you know him or her well. / In Mexico, don’t use someone’s first name unless the person invites you to do so.
Complete the passage with the words in the box. Can you tell where the writer is from
surprising surprised interesting interested
so ... that as soon as unless
Do you know what culture shock is You may feel it when you experience a new culture, because the new culture is ___________ different from your own ___________ you feel ___________. For example, I experienced this ___________ I got off the plane in Peru last year. People were standing on my right and left, even though there was plenty of space on the bus!
so
that
surprised
as soon as
surprising surprised interesting interested
so ... that as soon as unless
That was really ___________ to me. In Germany, people usually like more personal space, and we don’t stand close to someone ___________ we know them very well. But once I was used to it, I became more curious and ___________ in learning about the culture there. It’s so ___________ to discover cultural differences like this!
Can you tell where the writer is from
The writer is from Germany because the person says “we” when referring to what is normal in Germany.
surprising
unless
interested
interesting
What is the writer’s culture shock
What can you learn from the writer’s experience
Ⅰ. 用所给词的正确形式填空
The movie was so __________ (surprise) that we all jumped up.
I am __________ (interest) in learning about different cultures.
It is ____________ (embarrass) to make mistakes in public.
She felt __________ (tire) after the long walk.
The __________ (excite) news made everyone cheer.
surprising
interested
embarrassing
tired
exciting
Ⅱ.根据汉语意思完成英语句子，每空一词。
1. 我太累了今天晚上不想出去了。
I’m ________ ________ ________ I don’t want to go out tonight.
2. 他说得如此快，以至于我们没有听懂。
He spoke ________ ________ ________ we couldn’t understand him.
3. 这电影如此无聊，以至于我中途睡着了。
It was ________ ________ boring movie ________ I fell asleep during it.
so tired that
so fast that
such a that
4. 这是个如此重要的会，我不能迟到。
It’s ________ ________ ________ meeting ________ I can’t be late for it.
5. 为了上学不迟到，汤姆今天早上出发得很早。
Tom started out early this morning ________ ________ he wouldn’t be late for school.
such an important that
so that
Ⅲ. 按括号内的要求完成下列各题。
1. You will win the singing competition. You will get a prize. (用if合并为含有条件状语从句的复合句)
If ______________________________________________.
2. Rita won't wear her sweater. Rita will feel cold. (用if合并为含有条件状语从句的复合句)
Rita __________________________________________.
3. Your parents won't know your ideas. You will talk with your parents. (用unless合并为含有条件状语从句的复合句)
Unless _______________________________________________.
you win the singing competition, you will get a prize
will feel cold if she doesn't wear her sweater
you talk with your parents, they won't know your ideas
4. I will be too busy tomorrow. I will visit my aunt. (用unless合并为含有条件状语从句的复合句)
I ____________________________________________.
5. We won't do our work well unless we are very careful. (改为同义句)
We won't do our work well _____________________________.
6. The game is very interesting. I am interested in it.（合并为一句）
7. He is tired. The work is tiring.（用 so…that 改写）
will visit my aunt unless I am too busy tomorrow
if we are not very careful
The game is so interesting that I am interested in it.
The work is so tiring that he is tired.
I can
理解并在语境中准确使用 unless 引导的条件状语从句、so … that 引导的结果状语从句和 as soon as 引导的时间状语从句。
理解后缀为 -ing 和 -ed 的形容词的意义区别，并在语境中恰当运用这两类形容词。
将 unless、so … that、as soon as 引导的状语从句和后缀为 -ing 和 -ed 的形容词综合运用于文化冲击相关内容的语篇。
理解世界文化的多元性和丰富性，培养对不同文化的好奇心和同理心，不断积累文化知识，拓宽文化视野。
Review
Grammar Focus.
Preview:
Section B.
Read the new words.
描述你经历的或听过的一次文化冲击，至少使用 3 个 含-ing 和 3个-ed 形容词，并包含 so…that / unless / as soon as 中的至少两个结构。
I went to Japan last year and experienced culture shock. As soon as I entered a Japanese home, I was surprised to take off my shoes. It was embarrassing to forget this rule at first. The custom was so interesting that I learned it quickly. I will make the same mistake unless someone reminds me.

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