资源简介

Unit 2　Bridging Cultures
Grammar
一、主语从句(subject clause)
1. 在复合句中充当主语的从句称之为主语从句, 一般置于句首。
主语从句引导词有:
(1)连词that和whether, 在主语从句中只起连接作用, 不充当任何成分。
(2)连接代词who, whoever, whom, whose, what, whatever, which, whichever, 在主语从句中充当主语、宾语、表语。
(3)连接副词when, where, how, why, 在主语从句中作状语。
*That he worked out the complex problem astonished other students.
他解决了这个复杂的题目让其他同学感到惊讶。
*When the exam of qualification will be held hasn’t been decided.
资格考试什么时候举行还没决定。
*Whether he will participate in this campus art festival isn’t clear.
他是否参加这次校园艺术节还不清楚。
*What worried the old couple was that their children got involved in the crime.
令这对老夫妇担忧的是他们的孩子参与了这次犯罪。
*Whatever happens you may be quite sure that I will not blame you.
不管发生什么事, 你可以确信我不会责备你。
2. 为了防止句子头重脚轻, 通常把形式主语it放在句首位置, 真正主语置于句末。it作形式主语的常见句型有:
(1)It is a (fact, pity, question, wonder, good thing, surprise ) that. . .
(2)It is necessary (important, strange, natural, etc. ) that sb. should do表达惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等语气。
(3)It is said (expected, believed, thought, hoped, known, reported, estimated, required. . . )that. . .
(4)It seems(happened/appears/doesn’t matter /makes no difference /occurred. . . )that. . .
*It is well known to all of us that the trees can’t grow without sunlight and water.
众所周知, 树木生长离不开阳光和水。
*It is said that the new adaptation will come out next year.
据说这个新改编本将在明年出版。
*It has yet been decided when the tutor will come to give us a speech.
这个导师什么时候来给我们做演讲还没定下来。
that引导主语从句的省略原则
　　连词that 的省略原则: 若that引导的主语从句直接位于句首, 则that不能省略; 若使用了形式主语it, 则that有时可以省略。例如:
That you didn’t go to the talk was a pity.
很遗憾你没去听报告。(that不可省)
It was a pity (that) you didn’t go to the talk.
很遗憾你没去听报告。(that可省)
跟踪练习
(1)语法填空
①____ she has become an artist may have been due to her father’s influence.
②_______ he can get a nursing qualification remains to be seen.
③____ will happen in the world is difficult to predict.
④___ will take the place of our original headmaster hasn’t been decided yet.
(2)_____________________________ next week is being discussed.
我们下周在哪里野餐正在讨论中。
(3)______________ the chance of studying abroad is unknown.
他为什么放弃出国留学的机会不得而知。
(4)_________________ is not clear to anyone.
这事怎样发生的, 谁也不清楚。
二、宾语从句(object clause)
1. 定义: 在主从复合句中充当宾语的从句叫宾语从句。它可以作谓语动词的宾语, 也可以作非谓语动词、某些介词或形容词等的宾语。
*It is foolish to believe that one’s race and civilization are superior to others. 认为自己的人种和文明高人一等是愚蠢的。
*(2020·天津高考)But once having met and liked them, we think how terrible it would have been, had we missed the chance.
但一旦我们认识并喜欢上了他们, 我们就会想, 如果我们错过了这个机会, 那将是多么可怕的事情。
*(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)I’m not sure who is more frightened, me or the female gorilla that suddenly appears out of nowhere.
我不知道我和不知从哪里突然冒出来的雌性大猩猩谁更害怕。
*I don’t know whether he can win back the belief of the teacher.
我不知道他是否能赢回老师的信任。
2. 由连接词that引导宾语从句时, that在句中不充当任何成分, 在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去。
(2021· 浙江高考)In a study of 33 years of trends in Body Mass Index across 200 countries, the scientists found that people worldwide are getting heavier and that most of the rise is due to gains in BMI in rural areas.
在一项对200个国家33年体重指数趋势的研究中, 科学家们发现, 世界各地的人们都在变得越来越重, 而这主要是由于农村地区体重指数的增加。
宾语从句中两种情况中的连接词that不能省略:
①引导的第二个宾语从句前的that不可省;
②在动词+形式宾语it+宾语补足语+that引导的宾语从句中that不能省略
*I believe (that) you will keep your word and that you will turn up at the party on time. (第二个that不能省)
我相信你会遵守诺言, 准时出现在晚会上。
3. whether/if引导的宾语从句。
whether/if在从句中不充当成分, 但是有“是否”之意, 从句要用陈述语序。
只用whether不用if引导宾语从句
　　在宾语从句中, 引导词whether和if基本一样, 但下面两种情况只能使用whether:
①引导介词后的宾语从句时;
②和or not一起连用时。
跟踪练习
(1)I truly believe ____ beauty comes from within.
(2)The old woman asked me ___________ I knew the way to the hospital.
(3)John said ____ he was leaving for London on Wednesday.
(4)(2019·北京高考)You will question _______ the voice you’re hearing is actually real.
4. 连接代词及连接副词引导的宾语从句。
连接代词及连接副词引导的宾语从句相当于特殊疑问句, 连接词都在从句中充当一定的成分。
*Is there anything wrong in what I said
我所说的有错误之处吗
*We promise whoever attends the party a chance to have a photo taken with the movie star.
我们许诺, 任何参加这个聚会的人都有跟那个电影明星合影的机会。
*It was a long road to get where Yan Ning is now.
颜宁花了很长时间, 才有了今天的成就。
跟踪练习
(1)Jane moved aimlessly down the tree-lined street, not knowing _____ she was heading.
(2)If you swim in a river or lake, be sure to investigate ____ is below the water surface.
(3)The exhibition tells us ___ we should do something to stop air pollution.
5. 在insist, demand, order, suggest, propose, advise等表示坚持、要求、命令、建议等意义的动词后, that宾语从句中谓语常用“(should+)动词原形”, 表示虚拟。
*The doctor suggested that I stay in bed for three days.
医生建议我卧床三天。
*He insisted that we stop at a small restaurant just outside of Atlanta.
他坚持让我们在亚特兰大市外不远的一家小餐馆歇歇脚。
【巧学助记】
后接宾语从句常用虚拟语气的动词口诀:
“一二三四”
一个坚持(insist);
两个命令(order, command);
三条建议(advise, suggest, recommend);
四项要求(demand, desire, require, request)
跟踪练习
(1)He ______________________________________.
他坚持要我看他的信。
(2)I advise ____ you ________________ your coach _____ your _________ and __________.
我建议你应该向你的教练咨询一下你的优缺点。
(3)(2019·北京高考)He recommended that ____________________.
他建议她做一些研究。
三、表语从句(predicative clause )
1. 表语从句放在连系动词之后, 充当复合句中的表语。
表语从句的引导词有:
(1)从属连词: that, whether, as though, as if, why, because 不充当任何成分, 只起连接作用
(2)连接代词: who, what, which , whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever在表语从句中充当主语、宾语或表语
(3)连接副词: when, where, why, how, however, whenever, wherever在表语从句中充当状语
*The trouble is that Henry has no qualifications to teach college students.
麻烦的是亨利不具备教大学生的资格。
*The point at issue is whether we go to the party.
争论点是我们是否去参加聚会。
*The last time we had great fun was when we were visiting the Water Park.
我们最后一次痛快地游玩是我们参观水上公园的时候。
2. 系动词be, appear, seem, look, remain等之后可以跟表语从句。
*It seemed as if he had known the fact already.
他好像早已知道这件事了。
*It appears that some missiles have been moved.
一些导弹似乎已经被移走了。
*It looks as if she had just come back from outer space.
她看起来仿佛刚从外太空回来。
表语从句四点易错提醒
(1)表语从句一定要用陈述语序。
(2)不可以用if, 而用whether 引导表语从句。
(3)that在表语从句中不可以省略。
(4)主句主语是reason时, 表语从句要用that引导, 不可用because。
跟踪练习
(1)语法填空
①The most complex problem is ____ he can’t find enough experienced players to engage in the game.
②The reason why I’m calling you is ____ I want to invite you to my birthday party.
③All she’s worried about is _______ his son has the qualification to participate in activity.
④This is ____ we have been looking forward to for years.
⑤ He has heart disease. That is _______ he has been smoking too much.
(2)The problem is ________________________ this shop.
问题是谁将接管这家店铺。
(3)That is _________________________________ journalism.
那时我才意识到新闻工作的重要性。
【参考答案】
一、 1. (1) ①That ②Whether ③What ④Who (2)Where we will have the picnic (3)Why he gave up (4)How this happened
二、 3. (1) that (2) if /whether (3) that (4) whether
4. (1) where (2) what (3) why
5. (1) insisted that I should read his letter (2) that; (should) consult; about; strengths; weaknesses (3) she do some research
三、 1. (1) ①that ②that ③whether ④what ⑤because (2) who will be in charge of (3) when I realized the importance ofUnit 2 Bridging Cultures
Reading and Thinking
课文理解
Step One：Pre-reading
Discussing — Look at the following four pictures of universities abroad.Which university do you want to study in Give your reasons.
____________________________________________________________________
Step Two：While-reading
Ⅰ.Read for the main idea
1．The text mainly tells us the Chinese student Xie Lei's ________．
A．life and study in the UK
B．challenges while travelling
C．difficulties she met while studying
D．experience while travelling in the UK
2．Match the main idea with each paragraph.
Para.1　A．Follow Xie Lei's progress.
Para.2 B．Xie Lei has adapted to the new life.
Para.3　C．The differences in class.
Para.4　D．The general introduction to Xie Lei and her study.
Para.5　E．Xie Lei left China for London.
Para.6　F．The difficulties that Xie Lei met while living in London.
Para.7　G．The advantages of living with a host family.
Para.8　H．The academic requirements.
Ⅱ.Read for details
阅读文章第一段，完成第1题。
1．Why was Xie Lei very nervous when she left for London
_______________________________________
阅读文章第二至四段，完成第2至5题。
2．判断正(T)误(F)。
(1)What Xie Lei wanted to do was to set up her own business after graduation.( )
(2)Like many other exchange students, Xie Lei lived in the campus accommodation.( )
回答下列问题
3．What problems did Xie Lei have when speaking to the British at first
___________________________________________________
4．What did Xie Lei do when she didn't understand what a native said
___________________________________________________
5．Why did Xie Lei choose to live with a host family
___________________________________________________
阅读文章第五到八段，完成第6至8题。
选择最佳选项
6．What does her tutor want to know about Xie Lei
A．Her real level.　　　　 B．Her study result.
C．Her own ideas. D．Her attitude to learning.
7．What does Xie Lei think her identity is
A．An honored visitor. B．A cultural messenger.
C．A bridge builder. D．A fluent translator.
回答下面问题
8．Why has Xie Lei got involved in social activities
___________________________________________________________________________
Step Three：Post-reading
Ⅰ.课文语法填空
Six months ago, Xie Lei boarded a plane for London.It was the first time that she 1.________ (leave) home.She went to a university to study for a business qualification and chose the exchange programme because she wanted to learn about 2.______(globe) business.She was 3._________ (ambition) to set up a business after graduation.
At first, Xie Lei had to adapt to life in a different country.She chose to live with a host family, who can help with her 4.__________ (adapt) to the new culture.When she missed home, she felt 5._________ (comfort) to have a second family.Also Xie Lei had to satisfy academic requirements.Her tutor told her to acknowledge 6.____ other people had said if she cited their ideas, and advised her to read lots of information in order to form 7._ wise opinion of her own.
Now halfway through her exchange year，Xie Lei felt much more at home in the UK.She said 8.________ (engage) in British culture had helped and that she had 9._____________ (involve) in social activities.She also said while learning about business, she was acting as a cultural messenger building a bridge 10._______ the two countries.
Ⅱ.讨论
1．What kind of person do you think Xie Lei is Discuss with your partners and find evidence in the article to support your opinion.
___________________________________________________________________________
2．What are the advantages of studying abroad
___________________________________________________________________________
Ⅲ.长难句分析
1．When I got lost，I had to ask passers-by for help，but people here speak fast and use words I'm not familiar with.
[句式分析]　句中___连接表示转折关系的并列句，第一个分句中When I got lost为when引导的____从句；I'm not familiar with为省略了关系代词that的____，修饰先行词_____。
[自主翻译]　________________________________________
2．Although some foreign students live in campus accommodation, Xie Lei chose to live with a host family, who can help with her adaptation to the new culture.
[句式分析]　句中Although some foreign students live in campus accommodation为although引导的____从句； who can help with her adaptation to the new culture为关系代词 who 引导的______从句，修饰先行词_____________。
[自主翻译]　______________________________________
3．The first time that she had to write an essay，her tutor explained that she must acknowledge what other people had said if she cited their ideas，but that he mainly wanted to know what she thought!
[句式分析]　本句的主干是“主谓宾”结构：her tutor explained that ...。句首的The first time that ...是____从句。主句谓语动词explained后面是两个that引导的____。在第一个分句中有一个what引导的____和一个if引导的____从句；在第二个分句中，what she thought作动词____的宾语。
[自主翻译]　___________________________________________________
【参考答案】
课文理解
Step One：Answers may vary.
Step Two：Ⅰ.1. A
2. Paras.1～8　EDFGHCBA
Ⅱ.1． Because she didn't know what to expect.
2．(1) T (2) F
3． Some language problems.
4． Ask him to repeat.
5． Because they can help her adapt to the new culture.
6．C
7．B
8． To learn more about British culture and introduce Chinese culture to British people.
Step Three：Ⅰ. 1.had left 2.global 3.ambitious 4.adaptation 5.comforted 6.what 7.a 8.engaging 9.been involved 10.between
Ⅱ. 1． excellent, diligent, brave, strong minded, hard working ...
2． Not only can we learn new cultures and knowledge from foreign countries, but studying abroad can also enrich our lives culturally and economically.
Ⅲ. 1． but；时间状语；定语从句；words；迷路时，我得向路人求助，但是这里的人讲话语速很快，而且使用的是我不熟悉的单词。
2． 让步状语；非限制性定语；a host family；虽然一些留学生住在学校里，但是谢蕾选择住在寄宿家庭，有助于她适应异国文化。
3． 时间状语；宾语从句；宾语从句；条件状语；know；第一次写论文时，她的导师向她解释说，如果引用他人的观点就必须要注明，不过他主要还是想了解她本人的观点！Unit 2 Bridging Cultures
Using Language
读写技能导入
李华和汤姆正在探讨中国学生和英国学生学习英语的不同……
阅读下面的对话，根据语境选择最佳选项填空。
Li Hua：I've always wondered what's the difference between English for Chinese students and English for native students
Tom：I don't know. 1
Li Hua：I think a Chinese student concentrates on written English, and uses it as a basis for communicating. From start to finish he's learning vocabulary and fundamentals of grammar. This is a very difficult way to learn.
Tom： 2
Li Hua：They get higher level English, which is more formal than everyday spoken English. 3
Tom：Do you mean that a native doesn't make any mistakes in grammar
Li Hua： 4 Native speakers make a lot of grammar mistakes, especially if they come from a home where non-standard English is spoken.
Tom：I suppose that only a small percentage of college students don't know standard English in British universities.
Li Hua：Actually there are more non-native speakers than you think. That's why it's so important to quit worrying about making mistakes. 5
A．Absolutely not!
B．What do you think
C．What do natives get
D．Just talk to everyone every chance you get.
E．They also deal with matters of style and creativity.
精讲教材原文
[学语言]
第一封信：文章用although引导的让步状语从句Although studying abroad can bring great benefits, I think the disadvantages for young people are greater. 开门见山。
下文三段分别用To begin with ... ；Another important factor to consider is ... ；A final point to consider is that ... 引出三个弊端。
最后用To sum up ... 进行总结。
第二封信：首句用Is studying abroad a good idea or not？引出话题，紧接着在第二句话中用but引出作者真正想表达的意思。There are certainly disadvantages, but in my opinion, the advantages are much greater.
下文通过三段分别用The first advantage ... ; Another advantage ... ; Finally, studying abroad ... 引出三个出国留学的好处。
最后用All in all ... 进行总结。
[学结构]
话题：海外留学：这是个好主意还是坏主意？
第一封信：开门见山指出尽管留学大有裨益但留学对年轻人来说是弊大于利。
然后文章用三段阐述了出国留学的弊端：
首先，许多留学生面临着巨大的经济压力，这意味着并非每个人都有留学的可能；
另外一个重要因素是：留学所带来的巨大压力；
最后要考虑的一点是：尽管留学有诸多潜在的益处，但是在中国读书的年轻人同样未来可期！
最后总结：综上所述，我们无法否认的事实是：留学有其弊端。因此当你想要海外求学时，应当考虑上述诸多因素。
第二封信：开门见山指出留学当然有其弊端，但作者认为利大于弊。
然后文章通过三段阐述了出国留学的利处：
留学的第一个好处就是：个人成长。
留学的另一个好处是：获得更多文化交流的机会。
最后：留学是为祖国的发展作出贡献的好机会。
最后总结：总而言之，出国留学有助于塑造人格，增加人们对文化多样性的了解，同时增强中国的实力，为大家打造一个共同的未来。
佳句背诵
1. I'm writing to tell you about my opinion on Chinese students going abroad for further studies at an early age.
我写信是想告诉你我对中国学生留学低龄化的看法。
2. It's universally acknowledged that computers are commonly used nowadays.
现在人们普遍使用电脑，这是公认的。
3. Some people believe that students should be given one long vacation each year. Others believe that students should have several short vacations throughout the year.
有些人认为学生每年应该有一个长假，另外有些人认为学生应该有几个短假。
4. Some effective measures should be taken to ensure that computers are used in right ways.
应该采取一些有效的措施来确保电脑的正确使用。
5. Only in this way can we improve our English.
只有这样，我们才能提高英语水平。
6. And this has aroused a hot debate recently.
最近这引起了热议。
[仿佳作·找差距]
[题目要求]
假定你是李华，你的美国笔友Jackson最近在考虑是否要出国留学，他来信征求你的意见。请你就此用英语给他写一封电子邮件，阐述你的观点，并给出理由(不少于三个)。
注意：1. 词数80左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jackson，
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
Yours，
Li Hua
[仿写步骤]
Step 1　一仿结构布局合理
第一段：开门见山——引出话题；
第二段：给出赞成的理由；
第三段：结尾——总结自己的观点。
Step 2　二仿语言规范美观
1．开头：亮出观点。
坦率地说，我认为出国留学很有意义。
Frankly, I hold the view that it makes good sense to study abroad．
2．根据下面提示给出理由。
(1)出国留学时，我们会接触到一个外语环境，学习过程变得有趣且有效。(用exposure作主语)
Exposure to a foreign language setting while we are studying abroad makes learning process interesting and effective.
(2)沐浴在异国文化中，我们可以对世界有深刻的了解。
Bathed in a different culture of a foreign country，we can gain great insights into the world.
(3)出国留学让我们走出舒适区，让我们变得更好，这在我看来是最重要的。(定语从句)
Studying abroad takes us out of our comfort zone and changes us for the better, which is the most important from my view．
Step 3　三仿句间过渡自然
1．在句(1)前添加连接词to begin with。
__________________________________________________________________________
2．在句(1)和句(2)间添加表示递进的副词moreover。
__________________________________________________________________________
Step 4　誊写
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
重点知识讲解
词汇
1．grasp vt. 理解；领会；抓紧
(教材p. 19)Well, I suppose it was difficult to grasp the tones at first.
好吧，我想一开始很难掌握语调。
grasp sb. by the arm/hand　 抓住某人的胳膊/手
grasp n. 紧抓；控制；理解；能力所及
one's grasp
[佳句]
Apparently, we did not fully grasp the importance of what had happened.
很显然，我们没有完全明白所发生之事的重要性。
[练透]　单句语法填空
①Peter grasped his nephew by ___ arm and led him away.
②—Have you succeeded in applying for the job
—Well, everything is ______ my grasp.
[写美]　补全句子
③The tutor's ideas are too difficult, which __________________．
导师的想法太难，超出了我的理解范围。
2．expense n．费用；花费；开销
(教材p. 20)Tuition fees and living expenses are much more expensive than at home and could end up costing most families an arm and a leg.
学费和生活开销比国内昂贵得多，大部分家庭最终可能要花费一大笔钱。
(1)at one's expense　　　 由某人付钱
at the expense of 在牺牲……的情况下
spare no expense (in doing sth./to do sth.) 不惜费用(做某事)
at any expense 不惜一切代价
(2)expensive adj. 昂贵的
[佳句]
Conference rooms were equipped at great expense.
装备会议室花费巨大。
[练透]　补全句子
①We went on holiday ______________________．
我们去度假了，一切费用由我父亲支付。
②He finished the job ____________________________．
他以健康为代价完成了这项工作。
[写美]　翻译句子
③我们应该不惜一切代价完成这一目标。
_____________________________________________
3．behave vt. 表现vi. & vt. 表现得体；有礼貌
(教材p. 20)Some may struggle and suffer from culture shock when learning how to behave in new surroundings.
在学习如何在新环境中举止得体时，有些学生可能会感到吃力，并承受文化冲击的折磨。
(1)behave well/badly　表现得好/不好
behave oneself 守规矩；表现得体
(2)well-behaved adj. 表现好的
badly-behaved adj. 表现差的
(3)behaviour n．[U]举止；行为；习性
[佳句]
They behaved badly to/towards me at the party, which made me very angry.
在晚会上他们对我很不礼貌，这使我很生气。
[练透]　单句语法填空
①It's bad _________ (behave) for a man to smoke in public places where smoking isn't allowed.
②Mum disliked it when I behaved _____ (bad) in front of the guests.
[写美]　补全句子
③______________________________, otherwise you will be made fun of.
你最好规矩点，否则你会被取笑的。
4．surroundings n．[pl. ]环境；周围的事物
(1)surrounding adj. 周围的；附近的
(2)surround vt. 围绕；包围
surround ... with/by ... 以……包围……
be surrounded with/by ... 被……包围
[佳句]
They lived in beautiful surroundings.
他们生活在优美的环境中。
[练透]　单句语法填空
①I came to realize that the key to success lay in trying to surround myself _______ creative people.
②Standing in the watchtower, we admired the ___________ (surround) scenes.
③She was faced with a new job, in unfamiliar ____________ (surround) with strange people.
[写美]　补全句子
④_______________________________, the village looks very beautiful.
这个村庄被森林包围着，看起来很美丽。
[点津]　surroundings常用复数形式，表示周围的具体的物质环境；而environment是集体名词，常用单数形式，表示对人的发展产生影响的自然环境或生活环境。
5．depressed adj. 沮丧的；意志消沉的
(教材p. 20)Other students are not mature enough to handle the challenges by themselves and may become depressed.
另一些学生则还不够成熟，无法独自应对各种挑战，因而感到沮丧。
[佳句]
Hunger and cold can make people feel depressed and lose confidence.
饥饿和寒冷会让人感到沮丧，失去信心。
[练透]　单句语法填空
①Hearing the __________ news，he felt very _________．(depress)
②He went into a deep __________ (depress) after he failed to build up his business.
[写美]　补全句子
③He was not satisfied with the summer camp because ________________________．
他对夏令营不满意，因为整个经历令人沮丧。
6．strengthen vi. & vt. 加强；增强；巩固
(教材p. 20)They have great facilities and outstanding professors, helping to educate young people who will contribute to the economy and further strengthen our country.
那里有一流的设施和杰出的教授，这助力培养为经济作贡献、进一步增强我国实力的年轻人。
(1)strength n. 　力气；力量；强项
strengths and weaknesses 优点和缺点
(2)strong adj. 强壮的；结实的
[佳句]
One idea is that sleep helps us strengthen new memories.
一种观点是睡眠帮助我们巩固新的记忆。
[练透]　单句语法填空
①As we all know，bad habits have a bad effect on our mental and physical health，so we must get rid of them and __________ (strength) our body.
②He is too tired. He hasn't got enough ________ (strong) to remove that stone.
③These new machines will also improve the quality of snow surfaces and ________ (length) the season for skiing.
④River control is achieved in many ways, including ________ (wide), _________ (deep), and constructing dams.
[写美]　补全句子
⑤It's important to know your own ________________________．
了解自己的优缺点很重要。
[点津]
7．deny vt. 否认；否定；拒绝
(教材p. 20)To sum up, one cannot deny the fact that studying abroad has its disadvantages, so when you think about studying abroad, you should consider these many factors.
总之，出国留学有不利的一面，这个事实是不可否认的，因此当你想要海外求学时，应该考虑上述诸多因素。
deny doing sth. 否认做了某事
deny that ... 否认……
There is no denying (the fact) that ... 不可否认……
deny sb. sth. ＝ deny sth. to sb. 拒绝给予某人某物
[佳句]
There's no denying (the fact) that quicker action could have saved them.
无可否认，如果行动快一点，本来是救得了他们的。
[练透]　补全句子
①I never ______________________________．
我从不否认你是个好演员。
②He _______________________ about their plans.
他否认知悉他们的计划。
③A good education should ___________________．
任何人都不能被剥夺接受良好教育的权利。
[写美]　翻译句子
④不可否认保护环境非常重要。
___________________________________________________________________________
8．gain vt. 获得；赢得；取得；增加n. 好处；增加
(教材p. 20)The education you gain and the experiences you have will change you for the better.
你获得的教育和拥有的经历将有助于你提升自我。
gain from ... 从……中获益
gain time 赢得时间
gain weight (＝put on weight) 体重增加
gain strength/confidence/experience 增加力气/信心/经验
[佳句]
No pains, no gains. 不劳无获。
[练透]　补全句子
①Who can ________________________
谁会从这一决定中受益呢？
②Some people ______________ after they stop smoking.
有些人戒烟后的确体重增加了。
③Students can ___________________________ working on the campus radio or magazine.
学生们通过在校园广播台或校刊工作能够获得宝贵的经验。
[写美]　翻译句子
④获得信心的最好办法就是一次又一次的不断尝试。
__________________________________________________________
9．(教材p. 21)as far as I know据我所知
as far as I am concerned 就我而言；依我看来
as far as I can see 依我看
as far as I can judge 据我判断；我认为
[佳句]
As far as I know，compared with other countries, Chinese students spend much more time studying.
据我所知，与其他国家相比较，中国学生花费更多的时间来学习。
[练透]　补全句子
①__________________, the city is three times as large as that one.
据我所知，这个城市是那个城市的三倍大。
②_________________________, nothing is more important than health in our daily life.
就我个人而言，在我们日常生活中身体健康最重要。
③_______________________, the film market may witness a slowdown in the near future.
据我判断，电影市场在不久的将来会经历低迷期。
[写美]　翻译句子
④依我看，你没有做错任何事。
_______________________________________________
10．(教材p. 21)in summary总的来说；总之
in a word 总的来说；总之
in short 总的来说；总之
in brief 简言之；总之
to sum up 总的来说；总之
[佳句]
In summary，this was a disappointing performance.
总的来说，这场演出令人失望。
[练透]　单句语法填空
①So to sum ____, all phones have weak spots.
②In ____ word, bicycles play an important role in daily life.
[写美]　补全句子
③__________, this article covers the following performance-related improvements.
简言之，本文介绍了下列这些与性能相关的改进。
句式
1．[句型公式]　部分否定
(教材p. 20)That means studying abroad is just not possible for everyone.
这意味着并非每个人都有留学的可能。
含“全部，所有，任何”等意义的词，如：all, both, everything, always, everyone等与not连用时，不管not出现在之前还是之后，皆表示整体中的一部分被否定。
[佳句]
The truth is that not everyone is attaching great importance to time management.
＝The truth is that everyone isn't attaching great importance to time management.
事实是并不是每个人都把合理安排时间看得重要。
[练透]　句型转换
①Everyone isn't fond of cycling to work.
→________________________________________
②Not all people can understand what you say.
→___________________________________________
③Every boy is not interested in sports.
→______________________________________
[写美]　一句多译
据我所知，他们俩不都抽烟。
④_________________________________________
⑤___________________________________________
[点津]　全部否定用法：
英语中的no, none, never, nobody, nothing, neither, no one, nowhere, no more, no longer, no way 等表示否定意义的词(语)与肯定式谓语一起使用构成全部否定。
2．[句型公式]　动名词短语作主语
(教材p. 20)Studying in China is much more convenient and can help save money.
在中国读书要方便得多，还能省钱。
动名词(短语)作主语
(1)意义：动名词(短语)作主语多表示一般性的、抽象的动作或状态。
(2)形式：主动形式doing；被动形式being done；否定式not doing/not being done。
(3)谓语动词的数：动名词(短语)作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数形式；两个或两个以上的动名词(短语)作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。
[佳句]
Being acknowledged makes him happy.
被认可让他很高兴。
[练透]　单句语法填空
①In conclusion, _____ (be) self-disciplined not only helps us improve ourselves, but contributes to building up a harmonious and civilized society.
②Worse still, being addicted to smartphones also _____ (lead) to teenagers' poor performance at school, thus causing elders' worries.
[写美]　补全句子
③Sometimes __________________ can mean getting more.
有时，放弃一点可能意味着会得到更多。
3．[句型公式]　with复合结构
(教材p. 20)As China has boomed, the educational environment has improved significantly, with many great universities now available.
随着中国的蓬勃发展，教育环境已大为改观，优质大学比比皆是。
with＋宾语＋
[佳句]
With many unexpected problems emerging, he was like a cat on hot bricks.
由于出现了许多意想不到的问题，他像一只热锅上的蚂蚁。
[练透]　单句语法填空/补全句子
①With a lot of difficult problems _________ (settle), the new manager works far into the night every day.
②With his mother _______ (help) him, he is getting along well with his work.
③With the key ____ (lose), he had to wait for his mother outside the door.
④_______________________________________, we sit together and eat mooncakes and fruits, sharing our stories.
美丽的月亮高挂在天空，我们坐在一起吃着月饼和水果，一起分享我们的故事。
[写美]　翻译句子
⑤有那么多作业要做，他没有时间去购物。
_________________________________________________________________
【参考答案】
读写技能导入
1～5　BCEAD
精讲教材原文
Step 3　
1．To begin with, exposure to a foreign language setting while we are studying abroad makes learning process interesting and effective.
2．To begin with, exposure to a foreign language setting while we are studying abroad makes learning process interesting and effective. Moreover, bathed in a different culture of a foreign country, we can gain great insights into the world.
Step 4　Dear Jackson，
I'm more than delighted to share my opinion, which I hope will be of some help to you. Frankly, I hold the view that it makes good sense to study abroad. The reasons are as follows.
To begin with, exposure to a foreign language setting while we are studying abroad makes learning process interesting and effective. Moreover, bathed in a different culture of a foreign country, we can gain great insights into the world. Finally, studying abroad takes us out of our comfort zone and changes us for the better, which is the most important from my view.
All things considered, I hope you can choose to study abroad and start a new life.
Yours，
Li Hua
重点知识讲解
词汇
1．①the ②within ③is beyond my grasp
2．①at my father's expense ②at the expense of his health ③We should accomplish the goal at any expense．
3．①behaviour ②badly ③You'd better behave yourself
4．①with/by ②surrounding ③surroundings ④Surrounded with/by the forest
5．①depressing; depressed ②depression ③the whole experience was depressing
6．①strengthen ②strength ③lengthen ④widening; deepening ⑤strengths and weaknesses
7．①deny that you are a good actor ②denied knowing anything ③be denied to no one ④There is no denying (the fact) that protecting the environment is of great importance．
8．①gain from this decision ②do gain weight ③gain valuable experience by ④The best way to gain confidence is to try again and again．
9．①As far as I know ②As far as I'm concerned ③As far as I can judge ④As far as I can see, you've done nothing wrong．
10．①up ②a ③In brief
句式
1．①Not everyone is fond of cycling to work．②All people cannot understand what you say．③Not every boy is interested in sports．④As far as I know, not both of them smoke．⑤As far as I know, both of them don't smoke．
2．①being ②leads ③giving up a little
3．①to settle ②helping ③lost ④With the beautiful moon up in the sky ⑤With so much homework to do, he won't have time to go shopping．Unit 2 Bridging Cultures
Writing
建议信是向收信人就某事提出自己的建议或忠告的一种文体。建议信要给出写信的原因, 建议的内容, 提出建议的理由, 而且提出的建议要合情合理, 同时语气一定要得体, 既要委婉礼貌, 又要有说服力。
典题演练
假定你是李华, 你的新西兰朋友Terry正在学习汉语, 他来信说有些人建议他到中国来学习汉语, 他父母却希望他在新西兰学习汉语。请你给他回信, 内容包括:
1. 对他学汉语表示高兴;
2. 你的观点;
3. 合理建议。
注意: 1. 词数80个左右;
2. 可以适当发挥, 以使行文连贯。
1. 得知你正在学习汉语, 我感到非常高兴。
I am very glad to know that you are learning Chinese.
2. 的确, 学好汉语有很多途径。
Indeed, there are many ways to learn Chinese well.
3. 如果你到中国来学汉语, 良好的语言环境会使你学起来更快, 学得更好。
If you come to China to learn Chinese, the perfect language environment will make you learn faster and better.
4. 持这种观点的人很多, 包括我在内。
Many people hold this view and I am included.
5. 你的父母希望你在新西兰学习汉语, 也许是因为他们不想让你离开他们太远。
Your parents want you to study Chinese in New Zealand, maybe because they don’t want you to leave them too far.
6. 我的观点是, 你到中国来学习汉语, 这样, 你不仅可以学到地道的汉语, 还能领略独特的中国文化。
In my opinion, you should come to China to learn Chinese, so that you can not only learn authentic Chinese, but also experience the unique Chinese culture.
7. 希望你能说服你的父母让你来中国, 那样的话, 我可以帮你学习汉语。
I hope you can persuade your parents to let you come to China. In that case, I will help you learn Chinese.
·句式升级
8. 用分词作状语改写句4。
___________________________________________________________________________
9. 用表语从句改写句6。
My opinion is _________________________________, so that you can not only learn authentic Chinese, but also experience the unique Chinese culture.
Dear Terry,
I am very glad to know that you are learning Chinese.
Indeed, there are many ways to learn Chinese well. If you come to China to learn Chinese, the perfect language environment will make you learn faster and better. Many people hold this view, me included. As to your parents, they want you to study Chinese in New Zealand, maybe because they don’t want you to leave them too far.
My opinion is that you come to China to learn Chinese, so that you can not only learn authentic Chinese, but also experience the unique Chinese culture.
I hope you can persuade your parents to let you come to China. In that case, I will help you learn Chinese.
Yours,
Li Hua
话题拓展
1. 话题词汇
(1)consider考虑
(2)regret 后悔; 遗憾
(3)determine 决定
(4)intend 意图
(5)prepare 准备
(6)I am convinced 我相信
(7)try one’s best 尽某人最大努力
(8)you are supposed to 你应当……
(9)inform...of... 通知某人某事
(10)in my opinion 依我看
2. 话题句式
(1)表达感情
①It is a pity that... 很遗憾……
②I am glad to know... 我很高兴知道……
③It is my pleasure to... 我很高兴……
④I am willing to... 我很乐意……
⑤I am so sorry that... 非常抱歉……
(2)提出建议
①It is helpful for you to... ……对你很有帮助
②It would be better if... 如果……会好一些
③It should be a better idea for you to...
对你来说, ……是个不错的主意
④you are supposed to... 你应该……
⑤You’d better... 你最好……
⑥You need to... 你需要……
⑦would you like/ love to... 你想……
⑧Why not do... 为什么不做……
⑨I’d like to suggest that... 我想要建议……
⑩If I were you, I would... 如果我是你, 我会... ...
As is known to all... 众所周知……
What’s more, try to... 更重要的是, 试一试……
Last but not least, you should... 最后但同样重要的是, 你应当……
【主题活动·话题实践】
Ⅰ. 语用功能表达
表达观点
1. In my opinion, /I think, /I believe, /I guess, / I consider
我认为/我觉得/依我看/我的观点是
2. As far as I know/ I am concerned/I can see/ I can tell 据我所知/据我所见
3. Personally (speaking)　就个人而言, 我认为
4. My view is that... 我的观点是
5. As for me... 依我之见
6. From my point of view 依我之见
表达总结
1. in short/ to sum up/ all in all 总之
2. in conclusion/ in summary 总之, 最后
3. generally speaking 总的来说
4. briefly speaking 简言之
5. in a word 简言之
表达重述
1. in other words　换句话说
2. that is to say 也就是说
3. that means 这意味着
4. that is... 就是说, 换言之
5. in fact/as a matter of fact 事实上, 其实
Ⅱ. 话题情景交流
1.
A: If one is rich, is he happy
B: (1)__________________(我不这样认为) It is impossible to equate wealth and happiness.
A: Could I understand what you said as the poorest is the happiest
B: (2)_______________(当然不能) Sometimes a poor man can be extremely miserable.
2.
A: What (3)____________________________(你认为) can be done to stop smoking
B: Stop producing cigarettes.
A: But that’ll influence national economy.
B: (4)_____________(我想不出) there’re better ways.
3.
A: (5)______________(我非常肯定) that he failed the exam.
B: How did you say this
A: (6)___________________(据我所见), he looked very disappointed when the paper was handed to him.
B: He spent too much time playing.
4.
A: Do you like travelling
B: Yes, (7)____(我喜欢).
A: Do you usually travel by bus
B: No, by train, (8)_______(我觉得) it’s much safer than bus.
【参考答案】
典题演练
句式升级
8. Many people hold this view, me included.
9. hat you come to China to learn Chinese
【主题活动·话题实践】
Ⅱ. (1)I don’t think so. (2)Of course not. (3)in your opinion/do you think (4)I don’t think (5)I’m quite sure (6)As far as I can see (7)I do (8)I think

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