资源简介

Unit 3 Food and Culture
Grammar
知识概览
探究发现
1．Prior to coming to China, my only experience with Chinese cooking was in America, with Chinese food that had been changed to suit American tastes.
2．When my family and I had just arrived in China, we went looking for a good place to eat in Beijing.
3．A Sichuan restaurant had been recommended to us by a friend, and finally, we found it.
4．... so the chef just began filling our table with the best food we had ever eaten.
[我的发现]
以上句子的时态皆为_____；其中主动语态有：句___；被动语态有：句___。
要点精析
一、构成
主动语态 被动语态
肯定形式 had done had been done
否定形式 had not done had not been done
一般疑问句 had＋主语＋done had＋主语＋been done
特殊疑问句 疑问词＋had＋主语＋done 疑问词＋had＋主语＋been done
They had already had breakfast before they arrived at the hotel.
他们到达旅馆前已经吃过早饭了。
He told me that there had been an argument between them.
他告诉我他们之间发生了争执。
They said that production costs had been reduced.
他们说生产成本降低了。
　句型转换
①They had cleaned the classroom before the teacher came.
→_______________________________________________________(变为被动语态)
②She had finished writing the composition by 10：00 this morning.
→___________________________________________________________ (变为否定句)
→_____________________________________________________ (变为一般疑问句)
→_____________________________________________________(对句中主语she提问)
二、用法
1．一件事情发生在过去，而另外一件事情先于它发生(即“过去的过去”)，那么发生在前的动作要用过去完成时。
He said that he had been abroad for 3 years.
他说他在国外待了3 年了。
2．hope，expect，mean，intend，want，suppose的过去完成时表示过去未曾实现的愿望或意图。
I had hoped to see more of Shanghai.
我本希望在上海多看看。(但未能如愿)
3．一些固定句型中
(1)在“hardly/scarcely/barely ... when ...”和“no sooner ... than ...”句型中，when和than从句中用一般过去时，主句用过去完成时，当否定副词放在句首且用倒装时，表示“刚刚……就……”。
Hardly had I got home when the rain poured down.
我刚到家，大雨就倾盆而下。
(2)在“It was the first/second ( ...) time that ...”中，that从句的谓语动词使用过去完成时。
It was the first time that we had been introduced at the conference.
这是第一次我们在会议上被别人介绍。
(3)在“主语＋was/were＋the＋最高级＋名词＋定语从句”中，从句的谓语动词常常使用过去完成时。
It was the best book I had ever read.
这是我读过的最好的一本书。
　单句语法填空
①I ____________ (intend) to call on you but I was too busy then.
②We hurried to the station only to find that the train ________ (leave).
③A week passed when she realised that the parcel _____________ (send) to the wrong address.
④No sooner ___ (have) the boy spoken these words than the warden hit him on the head with the soup spoon.
⑤It was the best film that _________________ (direct) by him.
⑥It was the first time that they ___________ (enjoy) such a wonderful performance.
【参考答案】
探究发现
过去完成时; 2、4; 1、3
要点精析
①The classroom had been cleaned before the teacher came. ②She had not finished writing the composition by 10：00 this morning. Had she finished writing the composition by 10：00 this morning Who had finished writing the composition by 10：00 this morning？
①had intended ②had left ③had been sent ④had ⑤had been directed ⑥had enjoyedUnit 3 Food and Culture
Reading and Thinking
语篇理解
Step One：Pre-reading
1．What do you often have for breakfast and supper
___________________________________________________________
2．Do you know the three kinds of functional food
___________________________________________________________
Step Two：While-reading
Ⅰ.Read for the main idea
1．What's the main idea of the passage
A．What people eat is related to their culture.
B．Chinese foods are delicious.
C．Americans are bold to try new foods.
D．What you eat reflects your health state.
2．Match the main idea with each paragraph.
Para.1 A．eating in Beijing
Para.2 B．food in Shandong Province
Para.3 C．the introduction of the topic
Para.4 D．America's most popular Chinese dish
Para.5 E．culture and cuisine go hand in hand
Para.6 F．food in South China and central China
Para.7 G．food in northern Xinjiang
Ⅱ.Read for details
Read the passage carefully and choose the best answers.
1．Why does the author cite “You are what you eat” in Paragraph 1
A.To introduce the theme of the article.
B．To persuade people to eat healthy food.
C．To show the impact of food on health.
D．To prove culture has little to do with cuisine.
2．What does the author think of General Tso's chicken tasted in America
A．It is delicious.
B．It is not authentic.
C．It is too spicy.
D．It shows Chinese culture.
3．What impressed the author and his family more in a Sichuan restaurant
A．The spicy food they ate.
B．Sichuan peppercorns.
C．The friendship they felt.
D．The new experience.
4．What does the author find from eating dumplings in Shandong
A．Dumplings have to be eaten with vinegar.
B．Dumplings are the most popular in Shandong.
C．Everyone in Shandong can make dumplings.
D．Making dumplings is a family affair.
5．What does the author find different people in China have in common
A．They are all particular about food.
B．They are all good at making food.
C．They all show friendship and kindness.
D．They are all proud of their food and culture.
Step Three：Post-reading
Ⅰ.课文语法填空
The French author Jean Anthelme Brillat-Savarin once wrote, “Tell me what you eat ，and I will tell you what you are”， 1._____ means “You are what you eat.” In fact，Brillat-Savarin was actually 2._________ (refer) to our personality，character，and culture.In many ways，this seems to be true.Chinese cuisine is a case in point.China is a country with vast 3._____ (area) and a large population.So the food is as 4.______ (vary) as the people.For example，people in Shandong like boiled dumplings 5.______ (serve) with vinegar，because the process of making dumplings can bring the family members together.6._____________ (traditional)，people in Xinjiang spent most of their time on horse backs, and that is 7.___ they prefer their food to 8._________ (cook) over an open fire.In conclusion，through food，Chinese people everywhere show their culture as well as their friendship and 9.________ (kind).So what we can say is that culture and cuisine go hand 10.__ hand, and if you do not experience one，you can never really know the other.
Ⅱ.讨论
Do you think “culture and cuisine go hand in hand”？ Give your reasons.
___________________________________________________________________________
Ⅲ.长难句分析
1．Put more simply，this means “You are what you eat.”
[句式分析]　本句是一个主从复合句。Put more simply为过去分词短语在句中作__；____ 指代上文中的“Tell me what you eat，and I will tell you what you are.”。what引导__从句。
[自主翻译]　_____________________
2．On the other hand, it does tell us a lot about Americans.
[句式分析]　本句为强调句，强调__。在英语句式中，若对谓语进行强调时，则在其前根据具体情况加上___________，谓语动词用__。
[自主翻译]　____________________
3．Tired，hungry，and not knowing a word of Chinese，we had no idea how to order，so the chef just began filling our table with the best food we had ever eaten.
[句式分析]　该句是由__连接的两个并列分句组成的。在第一个分句中，Tired，hungry，and not knowing a word of Chinese作__，表示当时“我们”所处的状态。在第二个分句中，we had ever eaten为省略了关系代词____的定语从句，修饰先行词____。
[自主翻译]　__________________________________________________________
4．Later, I learnt that the most famous food in Shandong is pancake rolls stuffed with sliced Chinese green onions.
[句式分析]　本句是一个复合句。句中that引导宾语从句；stuffed with sliced Chinese green onions为过去分词短语作__，修饰pancake rolls，相当于定语从句__________________________________________________。
[自主翻译]　______________________
知识精析
自主导引
Ⅰ.重点单词
1．Chinese _______ 中国菜
2．_____ approval 优先批准
3．a _______ price 最低价格
4．shake some ______ onto the sandwich 在三明治上撒一些胡椒粉
5．secret ______ 秘方
6．as ____ as brass 脸如城墙厚；极其胆大妄为
7．a professionally-trained ____ 受过职业培训的厨师
8．fruit _______ 果醋；水果醋
9．a large _____ of 一大部分
10．lose one's ______ 发脾气；发怒；生气
11．a strict __________ diet 一种严格的纯素饮食
12．____ food 垃圾食品
13．The bag was _______ (stuff) with dirty clothes.
14．He was _________ (elegant) dressed in a grey suit, blue shirt, and paisley tie.
15．At the age of five he showed ___________ (exception) talent as a musician.
16．___________ (consume) rather than saving has become the central feature of contemporary societies.
[掌握规律 巧记单词]
exception n．例外；特殊＋-al→exceptional adj.特别的；罕见的
例：addition n．加法；添加物→additional adj.另外的；额外的；附加的
internation n．国际→international adj.国际的
Ⅱ.重点短语
1．They can also ________ (指的是) pop culture and new cultural trends.
2．If a person places money ________ (在……之前) anything else, it's very likely that he could not enjoy the happiness in life.
3．Fishermen ______ the fin ___ (把……切下) the shark and tossed the creature back into the water to die.
4．When we are under stress our bodies _______ (倾向于) tense up.
5．The committee ___________ (由……组成) ten members.
6．One of these key dynamics is that your career will always _______________ (和……紧密相关) with the amount of value you create in the marketplace.
Ⅲ.典型句式
1．[教材原句]　Put more simply, this means “You are what you eat.”
更简单地说，这句话就是“人如其食”的意思。
[句式分析]　过去分词(短语)作状语。
[佳句仿写]　我的家乡四面环山，空气清新，环境优美。
_________________________my hometown has fresh air and fantastic environment.
2．[教材原句]　On the other hand，it does tell us a lot about Americans.
另一方面，它确实让我们对美国人了解很多。
[句式分析]　do/does/did 强调谓语。
[佳句仿写]　前几天确实发生了一起可怕的交通事故。
An awful traffic accident __________ the other day.
3．[教材原句]　Tired，hungry，and not knowing a word of Chinese，we had no idea how to order，so the chef just began filling our table with the best food we had ever eaten.
我们又累又饿，也不认识一个汉字，不知道该怎么点餐，所以厨师径自在我们的桌子上摆满了食物，那是我们吃过的最可口的佳肴。
[句式分析]　形容词(短语)作状语。
[佳句仿写]　由于刻苦又认真，他很快取得了骄人的成绩，并一度成为热点人物。
__________________________he quickly achieved remarkable results and at one point became a hit.
4．[教材原句]　Later, I learnt that the most famous food in Shandong is pancake rolls stuffed with sliced Chinese green onions.
后来，我了解到山东最有名的美食是煎饼卷大葱。
[句式分析]　过去分词(短语)作定语。
[佳句仿写]　政府已经采取一些有效措施清理被日常垃圾污染的河流。
The government has taken some effective measures to clean the river _______________________．
知识探究
1．consist of 由……组成(或构成)
(教材p.26)For example, America's most popular Chinese dish is General Tso's chicken, which consists of fried chicken covered in a sweet sauce, flavoured with hot red peppers.
例如，在美国最受欢迎的中国菜是“左宗棠鸡”，它在油炸的鸡肉上淋上甜酱，再佐以煸炒过的红辣椒制成。
consist in　　　　　　　　　　　 在于，存在于
consist with＝be consistent with 与……一致
[佳句]
The performances of the circus consist of monkeys swinging and tigers jumping through the burning rings.
马戏团的表演包括猴子荡秋千和老虎跳火圈。
[辨析]
　
[练透]　单句语法填空
①Listening is thus an active, not a passive behavior __________ (consist) of hearing，understanding and remembering.
②The beauty of the city consists __ its magnificent buildings.
③The results are entirely __________ (consist) with our earlier research.
用适当的介词填空
④Life mainly consists ___ happiness and sorrow while happiness and sorrow consist __ struggle. Remember that your ideal life does not always consist ____ reality.
[写美]　补全句子
⑤Five people _______ the team; in other words, the team _________________________ five people.
五个人组成了这支队伍；换句话说，这支队伍由五个人组成。
[点津]　由consist组成的几个短语consist of/in/with都不能用于被动语态和进行时态。
2．consume vt.吃；喝；饮；消耗
(教材p.27)At a minimum, the kinds of food local people consume tell us what they grow in their region, what kinds of lives they lead, and what they like and do not like.
当地人的食物种类至少能让我们知道该地区种植什么作物、人们过着怎样的生活以及他们的爱憎。
(1)consume away 毁灭，毁掉
be consumed with 为(某种思想)而不断受折磨
(2)consumer n. 消费者
consumption n. 消费
[佳句]
We have no more right to consume happiness without producing it than to consume wealth without producing it.
不能创造幸福的人没有权利享受幸福，正如不能创造财富的人没有权利享受财富一样。
[练透]　单句语法填空
①These animals ________ (consume) large amounts of vegetation, which reduced plant diversity in the park.
②He sketched out plans to give _________ (consume) more affordable choices.
③The book has described the problems of excessive energy ___________ (consume).
④The fire soon consumed ____ the wooden buildings.
[写美]　补全句子
⑤As we all know, fat people ___________________ than slim people.
众所周知，胖的人比瘦的人消耗更多的能量。
[点津]　多种“吃”法
consume侧重痛痛快快地吃得一干二净，可用于人和动物。
eat普通用词，使用广泛。既可用于人，也可用于动物。
dine正式用词，既可用于一日三餐中的任何一餐，也可以用于特殊的用餐。
have可与eat换用，但强调一次性的动作。
swallow主要指吃的整个过程的第二部分“咽”，并常指咀嚼得匆匆忙忙地吃。
3．temper n．脾气；火气
(教材p.27)Or, that those who like spicy food tend to have a hot temper
抑或喜欢辛辣食物的人往往脾气火暴？
in a bad temper 发怒，发脾气
keep/lose one's temper 忍住/发脾气
out of temper 发火的，发怒的
fly into a temper 勃然大怒
[佳句]
She lost her temper with a customer and shouted at him.
她对一位顾客发了脾气，冲着他大喊大叫。
[练透]　单句语法填空
①Her boss would fly ____ a temper if a project wasn't done on time.
②I was __ a bad temper last night.
[写美]　补全句子
③She _______________ and looked at him with eyes flashing angrily.
她发火了，并且愤怒地看着他。
4. [句型公式]　形容词(短语)作状语
(教材p.26)Tired, hungry, and not knowing a word of Chinese，we had no idea how to order，so the chef just began filling our table with the best food we had ever eaten.
我们又累又饿，也不认识一个汉字，不知道该怎么点餐，所以厨师径自在我们的桌子上摆满食物，那是我们吃过的最可口的佳肴。
形容词(短语)作状语，表示方式、伴随、原因、时间、条件、让步、结果、状态、态度等。
[佳句]
For a moment she just stood there, unable to believe what had just happened.
她呆呆地在那儿站了一会儿，不敢相信刚才发生的事情。
[练透]　单句语法填空
①Hearing the news, she stood there, _________ (surprise).
②He, cold and ______ (hunger), spent seven days in the wind and snow.
[写美]　补全句子
③After the long journey, the three of them went back home, ________________．
长途旅行后，他们三人回到家，又饿又累。
【参考答案】
语篇理解
Step One
1．Answers may vary.
2． Energy-giving foods, body-building foods; protective foods.
Step Two
Ⅰ.1．A 2．Paras.1～7　CDABGFE
Ⅱ. 1～5　ABCDC
Step Three
Ⅰ. 1.which 2.referring 3.areas 4.varied 5.served 6.Traditionally 7.why 8.be cooked 9.kindness 10.in
Ⅱ.Yes, I think so.Different cuisines are created depending on different weather, produce, religion and other factors.These are important components of culture.
Ⅲ. 1．状语；this；表语；更简单地说，这句话就是“人如其食”的意思。
2．谓语；do/does/did；原形；另一方面，它确实让我们对美国人了解很多。
3．so；状语；that；food；我们又累又饿，也不认识一个汉字，不知道该怎么点餐，所以厨师径自在我们的桌子上摆满了食物，那是我们吃过的最可口的佳肴。
4．定语；which are stuffed with sliced Chinese green onions；后来，我了解到山东最有名的美食是煎饼卷大葱。
知识精析
自主导引
Ⅰ．1．cuisine 2．prior 3．minimum 4．pepper 5．recipe 6．bold 7．chef 8．vinegar 9．slice 10．temper 11．vegetarian 12．junk 13．stuffed 14．elegantly 15．exceptional 16．Consumption
Ⅱ．1．refer to 2．prior to 3．sliced off 4．tend to 5．consists of 6．go hand in hand
Ⅲ．1．Surrounded by mountains, 2．did happen 3．Hard working and serious, 4．polluted by daily waste
知识探究
1．①consisting ②in ③consistent ④of; in; with ⑤make up; consists of/is made up of 2．①consumed ②consumers ③consumption ④away ⑤consume more energy 3．①into ②in ③lose her temper 4．①surprised ②hungry ③hungry and tiredUnit 3 Food and Culture
Using Language
Write about a healthy diet
教材原文
HEALTHY EATING
There is much debate nowadays as to what makes up a healthy diet. For example, scientists have insisted for years that a big enemy of health is fatty food. However, there is increasing evidence that the real driver of poor health is not so much fatty food, as it is sugar. Heart disease is the number one killer of Americans. And in America, people who receive 25% of their daily calories or more through sugar are twice as likely to die from heart disease than people who receive less than 10% a day (Journal of the American Medical Association, 2014). This is true regardless of how healthy the rest of their diet might be. Put more simply, while people continue to argue over whether or not fatty food is dangerous, we already know that sugar is a killer.
Much of this extra sugar comes from sweets and sweet drinks. The average American gets 1/3 of his or her sugar through sweet drinks alone. The American Heart Association recommends that we limit ourselves to less than 100－150 calories a day from sugar, which is less than what is usually contained in one can of sweet drink or in a single candy bar. In other words, if you want to be healthy, you have to cut down on desserts, and cut out sweet drinks altogether.
Beyond this, you can keep healthy by consuming different categories of fresh foods, especially fruit and vegetables, which are full of vitamins and fibre, rather than processed foods. Processed foods often contain less nutrition, and have higher quantities of sugar, salt, and fat than fresh ingredients. Besides this, it is also important to have some meat, beans, or dairy products in your diet, as they provide the necessary protein for strong bones and muscle growth. As with everything in life, moderation is key. The ideal diet is a balanced one, without too much or too little of any one thing.
Finally, a fundamental key to healthy eating is to eat slowly. It takes about twenty minutes from the time you start eating for your brain to tell your body that you are full. What this means is that people who chew too quickly end up eating too much food because they still feel hungry. Eating slowly also allows your body to digest your food better, and will allow you to enjoy your food more. In addition, studies show that consistent eating habits, for example, taking three meals a day at the same time each day, are better for our health. It is also better to eat a modest amount of food each time, rather than to eat a lot in one meal, and then a little in the next.
There is no one trick to healthy eating. Rather, healthy eating starts with having a healthy attitude towards food. One question you can ask yourself is, “Do I eat to live, or live to eat？” If you are using food mostly for nutrition, then you are on the right track with your diet. However, if food has become the centre of your life, you might be on the road to bad health. It is up to you to decide how you want to live, and to make the right decisions about your diet.
[学语言]
首段用了for example，however，as等词从不同的观点入手，到段末得出结论：在人们的日常饮食中，糖分是健康杀手。
第二段用了extra，average，alone，recommend，limit，less than等词，表明健康饮食的关键是减少糖分的摄入。
第三段使用了consume，fresh，full of等词来表明健康的饮食应该是新鲜的，并且是均衡的。
第四段使用了fundamental，slowly，end up，better，modest等词来突出慢吃是对身体健康有好处的。
第五段使用了start with，then，however等词来说明人们如何看待食物才是保持健康饮食的关键所在。
[学结构]
首段引用了杂志上的内容来引出话题“sugar is a killer”。然后分段阐述采取哪些措施可以形成一种健康的饮食。
第二段提出健康饮食的关键是减少糖分的摄入，并用了in other words来对前文中较复杂的内容用简明的语言来解释。
第三段提出第二个健康饮食的关键点是所摄入的食物应该是新鲜且均衡的，用了besides来连接新鲜和均衡这两个特点。
第四段提出第三个健康饮食的关键点是吃饭应该慢慢吃，用了for example，in addition等词来举例和衔接。
第五段从人们的心理和态度出发，用了提问题的方法来强调对待食物的态度才是保持健康饮食的关键。
佳句背诵
表达观点常用句式：
1. In recent days/Recently/Nowadays，we have to face the problem that ... ，which is becoming more and more serious.
2. Overall, I think I have healthy eating habits.
3. As for the things that I am doing ...
4. Many reasons/factors will contribute to the phenomenon. First/Firstly, ... ; Second/Secondly, ...
5. The reason of the phenomenon lies in several aspects.
6. When talking about how to solve this problem, different people have different ideas. As far as I am concerned, we should ...
7. Still, I should improve my eating habits by ...
8. All in all/In short/conclusion/a word/As is said/stated above, I believe ...
[仿佳作·找差距]
近期，学校将举行一个关于“健康饮食之我的饮食习惯”的主题征文，请结合你自身的饮食习惯写一篇征文。内容可包括：
1. 是否吃甜食和垃圾食品；
2. 饮食中各类食物所占比例；
3. 一日三餐是否有规律；
4. 你自身的感受。
注意：1. 词数80左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
仿写步骤
Step 1　一仿结构布局合理
第一段：引出话题，健康饮食；
第二段：根据提示中的三个点依次写出自身的饮食习惯；
第三段：写出自身的饮食习惯给自己的感受。
Step 2　二仿语言规范美观
1. 用recently，a heated topic引出话题。
最近健康饮食是人们之间的热门话题，因为饮食在我们日常生活中起着重要的作用。
_________________________________, for diet plays an important role in our daily life.
2. 根据提示依次写出三个自身的饮食习惯。
(1)首先，我很少吃甜食，更别说垃圾食品了。
Firstly, I rarely ______________________________ junk food.
(2)其次，我的饮食中包含大量蔬菜和水果。
Secondly, my diet __________________________________________________.
(3)蔬菜和水果能够提供我每日所需的维生素。
Vegetables and fruits can _________________________________________.
(4)第三，我的饮食中也包含适量的肉类和丰富的奶制品。
Thirdly, ____________________________________ are also included in my diet.
(5)第四，无论假期与否，我都规律饮食。
Fourthly, I ______________________ at the same time each day, regardless of holidays.
(6)句式升级 [用非限制性定语从句连接(2)和(3)]
___________________________________________________________________________
3. 用personally来表达自身饮食习惯所带来的感受。
就我个人而言，坚持健康饮食帮助我保持体形。希望你能加入我的行列中来！
Personally, __________________________ helps me stay in shape. Hope you can join me!
Step 3　三仿句间过渡自然
句(4)和句(5)之间用most fundamentally连接。
___________________________________________________________________________
Step 4　誊写
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
知识梳理
1. somewhat adv. 有点；稍微
(教材p. 31)How is Hunan cuisine somewhat different from Sichuan cuisine
湘菜和川菜有何不同？
somehow　　　 不知怎么地，以某种方式，莫名其妙地
anyhow 总之，无论如何，不管怎样
[佳句]
His theories are somewhat remote from reality.
他的理论有点儿脱离现实。
[练透]　选词填空(somewhat/somehow/anyhow)
①He was quite polite, of course, but _______ I didn't like his manner.
②He would go to his hometown and see, ______.
③I was ________ surprised to see him.
[写美]　补全句子
④We were ________________________________.
走了很长一段路，我们有点累了。
2. association n. 协会；关联
(教材p. 32)Journal of the American Medical Association，2014
《美国医学会杂志》，2014
(1)in association with ... 与……联合/有关联
(2)associate vt. 联想；联系n. 同伴；伙伴
associate ... with ... 使……与……联系起来
associate with sb. 与某人交往/联系
be associated with ... 与……有关联
[佳句]
Sadness is our primary association with crying, but the fact is that people report feeling happier after crying.
悲伤是我们哭泣的主要原因，但事实上，人们流泪后会感觉更快乐。
[练透]　单句语法填空
①The villagers avoided him because of his association ____ the enemy.
②Everyone has the right to own property alone as well as __ association with others.
③They don't associate ____ each other after office hours.
[写美]　补全句子
④There are many serious health problems which ___________________________.
有很多和抽烟有关的健康问题。
3. regardless of 不管；不顾
(教材p. 32)This is true regardless of how healthy the rest of their diet might be.
无论他们其他方面的饮食多么健康，都确实如此。
despite/in spite of 尽管；不管
in/with regard to 关于；至于
[佳句]
The law requires equal treatment for all, regardless of race, religion, or sex.
法律规定人人平等，无论种族、宗教或性别。
[练透]　单句语法填空
①She is determined to do it regardless __ all consequences.
②Dr. Bethune continued working in spite __ cutting his hand during an operation.
③With regard __ my favorite Chinese poet, I'd like to introduce Du Fu to you.
[写美]　补全句子
④We should praise their efforts ______________________________________________.
不管他们队是赢还是输，我们都应该表扬他们所付诸的努力。
[点津]　(1)regardless of强调“不认为……重要”，从而不加以重视或考虑。
(2)regardless of 后可接whether, what引导的从句，而despite/in spite of后常接名词，不接从句。
4. quantity n. 数量；数额
(教材p. 32)Processed foods often contain less nutrition, and have higher quantities of sugar, salt, and fat than fresh ingredients.
加工食品通常营养成分较低，与新鲜的食材相比，其糖分、盐分和脂肪含量更高。
a large/small quantity of　　 大量的/少量的
large quantities of 大量的；许多的
in quantity 大量地
in quantity and quality 在数量和质量上
[佳句]
Your work has improved in quantity and quality this term.
本学期你的工作在数量和质量上都有所提高。
[练透]　单句语法填空
①A large quantity of money ______________________ (collect) to help those suffering from the floods.
②Quantities of food and tents ____ (be) sent to earthquake stricken areas from Shandong Province yesterday.
③We can offer you a better price if you can buy it __ quantity.
[写美]　补全句子
④To begin with, the most expected activity is the annual table tennis competition that involves ________________________________________________.
首先，最令人期待的活动是一年一度的乒乓球比赛，届时会有许多有天赋的球员参加。
[点津]　a quantity of, large quantities of既可接不可数名词，也可接可数名词的复数形式。当它们接不可数名词时，谓语动词根据quantity的单复数形式而定；当它们接可数名词的复数形式时，谓语动词根据名词而定，都用复数形式。
5. fundamental adj. 根本的；基础的；基本的n. 基本规律；根本法则
(教材p. 32)Finally, a fundamental key to healthy eating is to eat slowly.
最后，健康饮食的基本要诀是细嚼慢咽。
(1)be fundamental to 对……很重要
fundamental change 根本改变，根本变化
fundamental principle 根本原则；基本原理
(2)fundamentally adv. 根本地，从根本上
[佳句]
He believes better relations with China are fundamental to the well being of the area.
他相信与中国的更好关系对这个地区的福祉很重要。
[练透]　单句语法填空
①Some understanding of grammar is fundamental __ learning a language.
②Our new managing director has reorganized the company a little bit, but nothing has _____________ (fundamental) changed.
[写美]　补全句子
③We need to ________________________ to the way in which we treat our environment.
我们需要对我们对待环境的方式做出根本的改变。
6. trick n. 诀窍；计谋；把戏
(教材p. 32)There is no one trick to healthy eating.
健康饮食没有诀窍。
(1)play a trick/tricks on sb.　　 捉弄某人
The trick is to do ... 诀窍在于……
the trick of ……的诀窍
(2)trick sb.
[佳句]
The trick is to bend your knees as you catch the ball.
诀窍是你接球时要屈膝。
[练透]　单句语法填空
①She ___________ (trick) out of her life savings yesterday.
②The kids are always playing tricks _____ their teacher.
③He tricked me into _______ (lend) him $100.
[写美]　补全句子
④Not only did you correct my mistakes, but you also _____________________________.
你不仅纠正了我的错误，还教了我学英语的诀窍。
7. [句型公式]　It is up to sb. to do sth.
(教材p. 32)It is up to you to decide how you want to live, and to make the right decisions about your diet.
你想要如何生活，以及如何做出正确的饮食决择，这完全取决于你自己。
It is up to sb. to do sth. 该句型意为：“该由某人做某事；做某事取决于某人”，其中up后的to为介词。
[佳句]
It is up to parents to teach their children manners.
该由父母教孩子礼貌。
[练透]　单句语法填空
①It is up _____ you to settle the prior misunderstanding between us.
②It is up to the travel companies _______ (warn) customers of any possible dangers.
[写美]　补全句子
③_______________________ to make the final decision.
要由经理作出最后的决定。
④You can pay weekly or monthly — _______________.
你可以每周或者每月付一次款，这由你自己决定。
【参考答案】
[仿佳作·找差距]
Step 2
1. Healthy diet is a heated topic among people recently
2. (1) consume sweet foods, let alone (2) contains quantities of green vegetables and fruits (3) supply/provide me with necessary vitamins (4) a modest amount of meat and rich dairy products (5) take three meals a day (6) Secondly, my diet contains quantities of green vegetables and fruits, which can supply/provide me with necessary vitamins.
3. sticking to a healthy diet
Step 3
Thirdly, a modest amount of meat and rich dairy products are also included in my diet. Most fundamentally, I take three meals a day at the same time each day, regardless of holidays.
Step 4
Healthy diet is a heated topic among people recently, for diet plays an important role in our daily life.
As for me, I have a healthy diet. Firstly, I rarely consume sweet foods, let alone junk food. Secondly, my diet contains quantities of green vegetables and fruits, which can supply/provide me with necessary vitamins. Thirdly, a modest amount of meat and rich dairy products are also included in my diet. Most fundamentally, I take three meals a day at the same time each day, regardless of holidays.
Personally, sticking to a healthy diet helps me stay in shape. Hope you can join me!
知识梳理
1. ①somehow ②anyhow ③somewhat ④somewhat tired after a long walk
2. ①with ②in ③with ④are associated with smoking
3. ①of ②of ③to ④regardless of whether their team wins or loses
4. ①has been/was collected ②were ③in ④a large quantity of/quantities of talent players
5. ①to ②fundamentally ③make fundamental changes
6. ①was tricked ②on ③lending ④taught me tricks of studying English
7. ①to ②to warn ③It is up to the manager ④it is up to youUnit 3 Food and Culture
Writing
饮食话题因其与健康的生活方式息息相关而显得尤为重要, 食物的营养、食物的平衡、 食物的有机生产与污染、食物的制作方法与食用习惯、食物与传统文化的关系、饮食与健康等, 都是有关食物的常见话题。根据写作要求和目的的不同, 一篇文章一般从一个角度写, 突出重点, 不宜面面俱到。
典题演练
人们的健康很大程度上受制于饮食习惯。请你写一篇英语作文, 就如何养成良好的饮食习惯发表你的看法。
注意: 1. 写作词数应为80左右。2. 可以适当增加细节, 以使行文连贯。
结构构建
遣词造句
1. 健康的饮食习惯对我们的健康非常重要。
_____________________ are very important for our health.
2. 我们应该每天吃新鲜的蔬菜和水果, 因为它们为我们提供了维生素。
We should ______________________________ every day, as they supply vitamins to us.
3. 早上或晚上喝一杯牛奶也是有益的。
__________________________________________ is also beneficial.
4. 我们应该注重均衡饮食, 它保证我们必要的营养。
We should ________________________ and it assures us the necessary nutrients.
5. 垃圾食品是我们的健康的致命杀手, 所以我们应该远离它。
Junk food is a fatal killer for our health, so ___________________________.
6. 不吃早餐是一个很坏的习惯, 这对我们的健康有很大的危害。
______________________ to skip breakfast, which does great harm to our health.
7. 我们应该吃健康的食物, 保持精力充沛。
We should eat healthy food to ________________________.
·句式升级
8. 用定语从句改写句4。
___________________________________________________________________________
9. 用动名词短语作主语改写句6。
___________________________________________________________________________
连句成篇
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
话题拓展
1. 话题词汇
(1)diet　　　　　　 饮食
(2)balanced 平衡的
(3)junk food 垃圾食品
(4)tasty 美味的
(5)authentic 正宗的
(6)organic 有机的
(7)intake 摄入
(8)dairy products 奶制品
(9)nutritious 有营养的
(10)frozen food 冷冻食品
(11)recipe 食谱
(12)low-calorie 低热量的
(13)appetizer 开胃点心
(14)main course 主菜
(15)side dish 配菜
(16)dessert 餐后甜食
(17)snack 小吃
(18)delicious 美味的
(19)hot 辣的
(20)stir fry 煸炒
(21)steaming 清蒸
2. 话题句式
(1)How would you like your steak
你的牛排要几分熟
(2)I don’t eat junk food anymore. I’d like to try some healthy foods.
我再也不吃垃圾食品了, 我想吃一些健康的食物。
(3)In my opinion, we should develop good healthy eating habits. 在我看来, 我们应该养成良好的健康饮食习惯。
(4)An apple a day keeps the doctor away. 每天一个苹果, 疾病远离我。
(5)Some soup before dinner, healthy body forever.
饭前喝口汤, 永远没灾殃。
(6)Diet cures more than doctors.
自己饮食有节, 胜过上门求医。
(7)Eat at pleasure. drink with measure. 随意吃饭, 适度饮酒。
(8)Too much fatty food makes me sick. 吃太多的油腻食物让我恶心。
(9)My favorite food is apples.
我最喜欢吃苹果。
(10)Is the meat fresh enough
肉新鲜吗
(11)Help me peel these potatoes please. 请帮我把土豆削皮。
(12)Add some soy sauce. 加点酱油。
常用表达
·点菜常用语
1. May I have a menu, please 请给我菜单。
2. May I order, please 我可以点餐了吗
3. Do you have a menu in Chinese 你们有中文菜单吗
4. What is the specialty of the house 餐厅的招牌菜是什么
5. Would you like something to drink before dinner 在用晚餐前你想喝些什么吗
6. Can I have the same dish as that 我可以点与那份相同的餐吗
7. Do you have today’s special 你们有今日特餐吗
8. I’d like appetizers and meat (fish) dish. 我想要一份开胃菜与排餐(鱼餐)。
9. I have to avoid food containing fat (salt/sugar). 我必须避免含油脂(盐分/糖分)的食物。
10. Do you have vegetarian dishes 你们是否供应素食餐
11. Could you recommend some good wine 你是否可以推荐一些不错的酒
·餐馆服务员迎客用语
1. Sorry to have kept you waiting so long. 对不起, 让您久等了。
2. Have you booked a table 您预订餐桌了吗
3. Have you made a reservation 您预订了吗
4. Smoking or non-smoking 吸烟区还是非烟区
5. Would you like something to drink 您想喝点东西吗
6. Would you like to see the menu 您要看菜单吗
7. Are you ready to order 您现在要点餐吗
8. OK, I’ll be back with your order. 好的, 我这就把您点的菜拿来。
9. What would you like to drink 您想喝点什么
10. Would you like coffee or tea 您要咖啡还是茶
11. Would you mind sitting over there in the corner 您介意坐在那边的角落里吗
12. Please enjoy your lunch(dinner). 祝您午餐(晚餐)愉快。
13. Here you are. Please pay the bill at the cashier’s desk. 这是账单, 请到收银台结账。
【参考答案】
遣词造句
1. Healthy eating habits 2. eat fresh vegetables and fruit 3. A glass of milk in the morning or at night 4. focus on a balanced diet 5. we should stay away from it 6. It is a very bad habit 7. keep ourselves energetic 8. We should focus on a balanced diet, which assures us the necessary nutrients. 9. Skipping breakfast is a very bad habit, which does great harm to our health.
连句成篇
Healthy eating habits are very important for our health. But how can we form a healthy eating habit
In my opinion, we should eat fresh vegetables and fruit every day, as they supply vitamins to us. A glass of milk in the morning or at night is also beneficial. Besides, we should focus on a balanced diet, which assures us the necessary nutrients.
Junk food is a fatal killer for our health, so we should stay away from it. What’s more, skipping breakfast is a very bad habit, which does great harm to our health.
All in all, we should eat healthy food to keep ourselves energetic.

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