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Unit 6
I love literature!
Lesson 6 Understanding cultures
学习目标
能够掌握本课时单词、短语和句型。
能够读懂文章，了解完璧归赵这个故事，并表述自己的看法。
能够谈论《史记》的其他故事。
What do you know about Return the jade intact to Zhao
Culture Tips: This story is from Shi ji (Records of the Historian), which was written by Sima Qian. Shi ji is the first book to present Chinese history in a series of biographies. It is considered one of the greatest works in Chinese literature.
新课讲授
Lead in
During the Warring States Period, the King of Zhao got an invaluable piece of jade, He Shi Bi. When the King of Qin heard of this, he offered Zhao fifteen cities for the smooth, bright jade. The King of Zhao feared he might get nothing in return. Yet if he refused, Qin might attack Zhao. Lin Xiangru, who was brave and intelligent, was sent to Qin with the jade.
The King of Qin was pleased when he saw the jade, but he did not mention the cities at all. Lin said, “Your Majesty, there is a tiny flaw on the jade. Could I show it to you ” The king handed the jade back to Lin. As soon as Lin got the jade, he stepped back to the pillars in the palace, shouting, “You have no intention of giving us those cities, so I’ve taken back the jade. If you use force against me, I’ll smash my head and the jade against this pillar.”
Reading
To save the jade, the King of Qin apologized, and then showed Lin the cities on the map. But Lin did not believe he would turn them over. He ordered one of his men to secretly take the jade back to Zhao. He himself would stay to face the King of Qin. Although the King of Qin was furious, he had no better choice but to set Lin free. Lin Xiangru and the jade returned to Zhao safely.
A Which state did Lin Xiangru come from
B What does the word “invaluable” mean in Paragraph 1
C How did Lin get the King of Qin to hand the jade back to him
D Why did Lin order his man to secretly take the jade back to Zhao even after the King of Qin showed him the cities on the map
Lin Xiangru came from the State of Zhao.
1 Read the passage and answer the questions.
It means extremely valuable or priceless.
Lin Xiangru said there was a tiny flaw on the jade and he needed to show it to the King of Qin.
Because Lin Xiangru didn’t believe that the King of Qin would really turn over the fifteen cities to Zhao.
2 Read the passage again and complete the notes. Then retell the story with the help of the notes.
Introduction: It is a story of a well-known expression. The story took place during __________________________________________________
Main characters: _____________________________________________
Beginning: The King of Zhao ___________________________________
Lin Xiangru ________________________________________
Main body: The King of Qin ____________________________________
Lin Xiangru __________________________________________
The end: Lin Xiangru was set free. He _______________________ safely.
the Warring States Period.
The King of Zhao, the King of Qin and Lin Xiangru.
got He Shi Bi (an invaluable jade).
wanted the jade but didn’t want to give cities.
was sent to Qin with the jade.
tricked Qin’s king to get the jade back, then sent it secretly to Zhao.
and the jade returned to Zhao
3 Discuss the following questions with your partner.
A What do you think of the King of Qin
B What can you learn from Lin Xiangru
He is a tricky (狡猾的), untrustworthy (不可信的) ruler.
We can learn to be brave and clever from Lin Xiangru.
Discuss and answer
4 Work in groups. Do you know any other stories from Shi ji Talk about them in your group.
Work in groups
I can talk about different types of literature: fables, fairy tales, poems...
I can tell fables and their morals, and write about simple poems: Once upon a time, there was... Honesty truly is the best policy. I enjoy expressing my thoughts and feelings through words.
I can tell Chinese idiom stories: Lin Xiangru and the jade returned to Zhao safely.
Improvement needed:
Self-check
Let’s write a poem
Let’s write a poem. Let us try.
What do we see when we look up high
White clouds and a clear blue sky,
One little bird that’s flying by.
Is a poem like a song
Can it be short Can it be long
Yes, a poem is like a song.
It can be short. It can be long.
Fun Time
Writing a poem can be fun.
Share your poem with everyone.
Fish and dish, cat and bat,
Wish and swish, mat and hat,
Sad and bad, cat and flat,
These words rhyme—how about that
Writing a poem can be fun.
Share your poem with everyone.
1. When the King of Qin heard of this, he offered Zhao fifteen cities for the smooth, bright jade.
长难句分析：这是一个复合句。主句主语为he，谓语为offered，间接宾语为Zhao，直接宾语为fifteen cities，for the smooth, bright jade 为目的状语。When the King of Qin heard of this 是时间状语从句。
Language points
hear of 听说
e.g. I've never heard of this artist. 我从未听说过这位艺术家。
smooth adj. 光滑的；顺利的。作形容词，还可意为“平稳的；悦耳的”，在句中作定语或表语。
smoothly 作副词，意为“顺利地；平稳地；连续而流畅地”，
主要用于修饰动词，表示动作进行得平稳、顺利、流畅。
smooth 作动词，意为“使光滑，使平整”，在句中作谓语。
e.g. Her skin was as smooth as silk. 她的皮肤像丝绸一样光滑。
We had a smooth trip. 我们的旅途很顺利。
The plane made a smooth landing. 飞机平稳地降落。
The singer has a smooth voice. 这位歌手有悦耳的嗓音。
The project is going smoothly. 项目进展顺利。
She smoothed her hair with her hand. 她用手捋了捋头发
2. The King of Zhao feared he might get nothing in return.
in return 作为回报；作为回应
e.g. In return, I can help you improve your English.
作为回报，我可以帮助你的英文。
3. Yet if he refused, Qin might attack Zhao.
refuse 作动词，意为“拒绝；回绝”，后接名词、代词或动词不定式短语作宾语。反义词为accept（接受）。
常见用法：（1）refuse sb./sth. 拒绝某人/ 某事（物）
（2）refuse to do sth. 拒绝做某事
（3）refuse sb. sth. 拒绝给某人某物
e.g. He refused the gift. 他拒绝了这份礼物。
She refused to answer my question. 她拒绝回答我的问题。
I refused him the money. 我拒绝给他这笔钱。
attack 作动词意为“攻击；袭击”。
attack sb. with sth. 用某物攻击某人
attack 还可作名词“攻击；发作”，常见短语有：
under attack 受到攻击；heart attack 心脏病发作。
e.g. The lion attacked the deer in the forest.
狮子在森林里攻击了鹿。
The company is under attack from its competitors.
这家公司正受到其竞争对手的攻击。
He had a heart attack and was rushed to the hospital.
他心脏病发作，并被紧急送往医院。
4. Lin Xiangru, who was brave and intelligent, was sent to Qin with the jade.
brave 作形容词，意为“勇敢的；无畏的”。
相关词：bravely adv. 勇敢地 bravery n. 勇敢
常见短语：face danger with bravery 勇敢地面对危险
be brave to do sth. 勇敢地去做某事
e.g. She was brave enough to speak in front of the whole class.
她足够勇敢，在全班面前发言。
The brave firefighter saved the child from the burning building.
勇敢的消防员从燃烧的建筑物中救出了孩子。
She bravely faced the challenges and succeeded.
她勇敢地面对挑战并取得了成功。
The story is about the bravery of a young hero.
这个故事讲述了一个年轻英雄的勇敢。
5. The King of Qin was pleased when he saw the jade, but he did not mention the cities at all.
mention v. 提到；写到；说到，是及物动词，后面可以直接跟名词、代词或从句作宾语。
mention sb. / sth. 提到某人或某物
mention sth. to sb. 向某人提及某物
mention + that 从句 提到……
Don’t mention it! 常用于回答感谢或道歉，意为“没关系/ 不客气！”。
e.g. He mentioned our hometown in his article.
他在他的文章中提到了我们的家乡。
The manager mentioned the meeting to me.
经理向我提到了这次会议。
She mentioned that she would leave early. 她提到她要早点离开。
—Thank you for your help. 谢谢你的帮助。
—Don’t mention it. 不客气。
6. As soon as Lin got the jade, he stepped back to the pillars in the palace, shouting, “You have no intention of giving us those cities, so I’ve taken back the jade.
as soon as “一……就……”, 引导时间状语从句
e.g. Our neighbours made us welcome as soon as we arrived.
我们一到就受到了邻居们的欢迎。
7. If you use force against me, I’ll smash my head and the jade against this pillar.”
长难句分析：这是一个包含If 引导的条件状语从句的复合句。主句主语为I，谓语为will smash，宾语为my head and the jade，against this pillar 为方式状语。If you use force against me 是条件状语从句。
8. To save the jade, the King of Qin apologized, and then showed Lin the cities on the map.
To save the jade是动词不定式短语作目的状语。
9. Although the King of Qin was furious, he had no better choice but to set Lin free.
have no choice but to do... 表示“别无选择只能做……”，其中choice 是动词choose 的名词形式。注意but 后跟带to 的不定式。
have nothing to do but do... 无事可做只能做……
e.g. I had no choice but to accept his offer.
我别无选择，只能接受他的提议。
The student had no choice but to finish the homework before class.
那个学生别无选择，只能在课前完成作业。
He has nothing to do but read books at home.
他无事可做，只有在家读书。
set free 释放（最常用）；解放（强调摆脱束缚）；放生（特指动物）；使自由（直译，较少用）
e.g. The bird was set free from its cage.
小鸟被从笼子里释放了。
The revolution set the people free.
革命解放了人民。
They set the turtles free into the ocean.
他们把海龟放生回大海。
The law sets free the oppressed.
法律使受压迫者获得自由。
Homework
Review Unit 5.
Preview Unit 6 Lesson 1.

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