资源简介

Unit 2　Healthy Lifestyle
Grammar
不定式作主语
【观察例句】
1．To say is one thing and to do is another.
2．It's rude to turn your back to your teacher and refuse to answer.
3．It is impossible to learn a foreign language without making painstaking effort.
4．It seemed a pity to have wasted so much time.
【归纳用法】
1．把不定式置于句首。如：
To get there by bike will take us half an hour.
骑自行车到那儿将花费我们半个小时。
To make a plan first is a good idea.
首先制定好计划是个好主意。
2．用it作形式主语，把真正的主语不定式置于句后，常用于下列句式中。如：
(1)It＋be＋名词＋to do
It's our duty to take good care of the old.
照顾好老人是我们的责任。
(2)It takes sb.＋some time＋to do
How long did it take you to finish the work
你花了多少时间来完成这项工作？
(3)It＋be＋形容词＋for sb.＋to do
It is difficult for us to finish writing the composition in a quarter of an hour.
我们难以在15分钟内完成这篇作文。
(4)It seems(appears)＋形容词＋to do
It seemed impossible to save money.
省钱似乎不可能。
(5)It ＋ 不定式结构可位于believe/consider/discover/expect/
find/think和wonder之后
He thought it would be safer to go by train.
他认为乘火车比较安全。
(6)不定式的完成式也可作句子的主语
To have made the same mistake twice was unforgivable.
犯同样的错误两次是不可原谅的。
It is better to have loved and lost than never to have loved at all.
爱过之后失去了爱，比从未爱过要好。
[即学即练1]　单句语法填空
①______________(make) up for lost time is not possible.
②It is good for your study ____________________(discuss) with your classmates.
3．不定式和动名词作主语的区别
(1)动名词作主语通常表示抽象动作；而不定式作主语表示具体动作。
Smoking is prohibited here.
这里禁止抽烟。(抽象)
It is not very good for you to smoke so much.
你抽这么多烟对你身体很不好。(具体)
(2)动名词作主语时，通常用以表示一件已知的事或经验；不定式短语通常用来表示一件未完成的事或目的。
Climbing mountains is interesting.
爬山很有趣。(经验)
To finish the task will take a long time.
要完成这项任务将要花费很长时间。(具体)
[即学即练2]　单句语法填空
①________________(watch) news on TV has become a routine for me.
②It took me only five minutes __________________(finish) the job.
课后练习
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．______________(lean) out of the window is dangerous.
2．______________(save) money now seems impossible.
3．It is an offence ______________(drop) litter in the street.
4．It is stupid of you ________________(write) down everything (that) the teacher says.
5．______________(drive) a car during the rush hour is tiring.
Ⅱ.短文语法填空
I have a lot of hobbies 1.________ I studied in college. It was hard for me to save money 2.______________(keep) my hobbies. It was foolish of me 3.________________(spend) plenty of time with those.But 4.________________(study) hard was my first task at that time. I often got up early 5.________________(catch) up with other students. It took me two terms 6.______________(make) up for my lost time. I think 7.______________(make) the same mistake is not wise because 8.__________________(become) a surgeon is not easy. I should take hold of the good chance and spare no effort 9.____________________(achieve) my goal. Now，I'm a doctor，10.______ I will never forget the experience in that time.
【参考答案】
[即学即练1]①To make②to discuss
[即学即练2]①Watching②to finish
课后练习
Ⅰ.　1．To lean　2．To save　3．to drop　4．to write　5．Driving
Ⅱ.　1.when　2.to keep　3.to spend　4.to study　5.to catch　6.to make　7.to make　8.to become　9.to achieve　10.andUnit 2　Healthy Lifestyle
Reading and Thinking
自学导引
Ⅰ.核心词汇
1．________ n. 烟草；烟叶
2．________ n. 滥用；虐待；辱骂 vt. 滥用；虐待；辱骂
3．________ n. 回报；奖励；报酬 vt. 奖励，奖赏；给以报酬
4．________ vt. 促进；促使，使便利
5．________ adj. 消极的；有害的；否定的
6．________ n. 自制力，纪律；学科 vt. 自我控制；管教，处罚
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
1．alcohol n. ________→alcoholic adj. ________ n. ________
2．________ adj.身体的；客观存在的；物理学的→________ adv. 身体上；肉体上
3．dominate vt.& vi. ________→________ n. 支配；统治
4．________ adv.重复地→________ v．重复→________ adj.重复的→________ n．重复
5．psychology n. ________→________ adj. 心理(学)的→________ adv. 心理上地；精神上地→________ n．心理学家
6．________ vi.依赖；依靠；信赖→________ adj. 可信赖的
7．________ vt.(仔细)检查；审查；测验→________ n．检查；审查；考试
8．pessimistic adj. ________→pessimism n. ________→pessimist n. ________→pessimistically adv. ________→________ adj. 乐观的；乐观主义的
Ⅲ.重点短语
1．____________ 卷入到……中，参与到……中
2．____________ 充当，起作用
3．____________ 回答，答复
4．____________ 依赖，依靠
5．____________ 除……以外
6．____________ 立即，马上
7．____________ 决定，选定
Ⅳ.重点句型
These bad habits, ________________， could lead to more serious ones when they become adults.
如果放任不管，这些不良习惯在他们成年以后会变得更加严重。
文本研习
根据课文内容选择正确答案
1．Why are the teenagers easy to form bad habits
A．Because they are fond of tobacco or alcohol.
B．Because they pay no attention to their health.
C．Because they intend to make their parents upset.
D．Because they are more independent and have their own ideas.
2．Why does the author quote Aristotle's words
A．To show changing bad habits is never easy.
B．To imply we always repeat useless things.
C．To tell our life is only in the control of ourselves.
D．To warn us to get ready for the difficulties.
3．Which of the following is considered as “reward”？
A．You take a walk around the school in the morning.
B．You find yourself excited after a talk with your friend.
C．You decide to borrow two books from the city library.
D．You're willing to volunteer in your community this weekend.
4．What attitude does the author take to changing bad habits
A．Objective. B．Pessimistic.
C．Positive. D．Skeptical.
核心突破
词汇
1.independent adj.自立的，有主见的；独立的，自主的
(1)be independent of sb./sth. 不依赖某人/某物
(2)depend vi. 相信；依靠，依赖
depend on/upon 信赖，依靠，相信
(3)independence n. 独立，自主
gain independence from... 从……中获得独立
Children should be encouraged to be independent thinkers.应该鼓励孩子们独立思考。
At this age, children become relatively independent of their mothers.
在这个年龄，孩子们变得较为独立，不完全依赖母亲。
India became independent in 1947.印度于1947年获得独立。
We depend on energy to do many things in our daily lives.
在日常生活中，我们做很多事情都离不开能源。
In 1821，the people of Mexico gained their independence from Spain.
1821年，墨西哥人民脱离西班牙获得了独立。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①Tom is so ________ (dependent) that he never asks his parents' opinion unless he wants their support.
②People are dependent ________ mobile phones for storing information so much that they sometimes are unable to remember basic things.
③Although the Great Wall has lost its military value for a long time, it reflects the dignity (尊严), confidence and ________ (independent) of the Chinese people.
④Susan wanted to be independent ________ her parents after graduation. She tried living alone.
语境串记：
In the past，he lived on the money donated by others. To get rid of his dependence on others, he began to earn his living by fishing. Now, he is not dependent on others any more. That is to say, he is independent nowadays. As he put it，“Independence can build up my self-confidence.”过去，他靠别人捐助的钱生活。为了摆脱对别人的依赖，他开始以捕鱼为生。现在，他不再依靠别人了，也就是说，他目前独立了。就像他所说的：“独立自主能够增强我的自信。”
2．abuse n．滥用；虐待；辱骂；vt.滥用；虐待；伤害；辱骂
Much of the crime in this area is related to drug abuse.
这一地区的许多犯罪活动都与吸毒有关。
The most unnerving thing about child abuse is the number of cases that go unreported.
有关虐待儿童方面最让人不安的是大量的此类行为没有被报道。
Such abuse does Denise more good than vitamins.
这样大骂一通，对丹尼丝来说胜过吃灵丹妙药。
Government officials shouldn't abuse their powers.
政府官员不应该滥用职权。
Kevin abused his eyesight by watching too much TV.
凯文看电视太多导致视力受损。
Instead of debating the issues, the candidates abused each other.
竞选者们相互谩骂而没有辩论问题。
[即学即练]　完成句子/翻译句子
①他们在国内参与反对践踏人权的活动已经多年了。
They have for many years been involved in a campaign against ________________ in their country.
②She is continually abusing her position by getting other people to do things for her.
________________________________________________________________________
3.dominate vt.& vi.支配；控制；占有优势
be dominated by... 被……控制
domination n. 控制；支配
dominant adj. 占支配地位的；占优势的；显著的
He has authority, but he doesn't try to dominate others.
他有权威，但并不想控制别人。
As he was dominated by his father, he couldn't make his own decision.
因被父亲控制着，他不能自己作出决定。
[即学即练]　用dominate的正确形式填空
①In recent years, social policy ________________ by cutting down expenses.
②It is natural that some companies are fighting for ________________ of the market.
③The firm has achieved a ________________ position in the world market.
高考助记：
Food webs may be dominated by many weak links because that arrangement is more stable over the long term.
食物网或许被很多弱的连接控制，因为那种安排从长远看更稳定。
4.in response to意为“作为对……的答复/反应”。
(1)response n．[C，U] 答复；响应，反应
make no response to... 对……不作答复
(2)respond vi.& vt. 回答，回应　vi.响应，作出反应
respond to... 回应/回答……；对……作出反应
She opened the door in response to the knock at the door.她听到敲门声，打开了门。
The product was developed in response to customer demand.
这种产品是为了满足顾客的需要而开发的。
Carl made no response to my question, and carried on with his meal.
卡尔没有回答我的问题，继续吃饭。
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.他对我的建议报以一笑。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子
①________ (know) basic first-aid techniques will help you respond quickly ________ emergencies.
②________________ (作为对……的回应)the audience's great demand, the play will be put on in the theatre twice a week.
③I asked her if she would attend Barbara's party to be held the next week，but she ________________ (没有回复) my letter.
特别提示：在in response to、respond to 中to是介词，其后接名词、代词或v-ing作宾语。
5.reward n．回报；奖励；报酬 vt.奖励；奖赏；给以报酬
give/offer a reward to sb. for (doing) sth. 为(做)某事而给某人报酬
in reward (for) 作为(对……的)回报、奖赏
reward sb. with sth. for( doing) sth. 为(做)某事用某物奖赏/酬谢某人
rewarding adj. 有益的；有意义的
The researchers then tested how the monkeys combined—or added—the symbols to get the reward.
研究者随后测试了这些猴子如何组合或添加这些符号来获得奖励。
She started singing to the baby and was rewarded with a smile.
她开始对着婴儿唱歌，婴儿对她回报以微笑。
It's unfair that he gets very little in reward for his hard work.
他辛苦工作却得到很少回报是不公平的。
Traveling along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding experience.
沿着古丝绸之路旅行是一次有趣而又有意义的经历。
[即学即练]　完成句子
①我怎样才能报答你的好意呢？
How can I ________ you ________ your kindness
②警方出大笔赏金寻找那起抢劫案的破案线索。
The police are ________________ clues about the robbery.
③你帮了这么大的忙，理应受到奖励。
You deserve ________________ being so helpful.
④我真的要说这是一次有意义的旅行。
I must say it's ________________.
易混辨析：award, reward, prize
award：作名词指“奖品，奖金”等；作动词表示“授予，给予；判给”，可以跟双宾语，award sb. sth.把某物授予/判给某人。
reward：作名词表示“赏金，奖励”或一些非金钱的报酬；作动词表示“奖赏，酬谢”，只能以人或人的行为作宾语。
prize：只能作名词，表示“奖赏， 奖金，奖品”，尤指在比赛中获得的荣誉。
①Hundreds of prizes can be won in our newspaper competition.
②A $100 reward has been offered for the return of the necklace.
③After graduation he was awarded a lot of money to do research.
6．rely on依赖；依靠；信赖
(1)rely on/upon sb. for sth./to do sth. 依赖/依靠某人做某事
rely on/upon it that... 指望/放心……(此结构中it作形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的that从句)
(2)reliable adj. 可信赖的；可靠的
Don't rely on going abroad for our holiday—we may not be able to afford it.
不要指望去国外度假，我们可能负担不起费用。
She cannot be relied on to tell the truth.别指望她能说真话。
We can't rely on him to come in time.我们不能指望他及时赶到。
You can rely upon it that it will rain this weekend.你放心好了，本周末一定下雨。
You may rely on it that he will be safe.你放心好了，他一定会安全的。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①We rely on you ________(set) a good example.
②You can rely on ________ that she will come to help you, for she is honest and kind-hearted.
③The news comes from a ________ (rely) source.
联想拓展：depend on/upon依靠；依赖
It/That depends.视情况而定。
The country depends heavily on its tourist trade.
这个国家十分依靠旅游业。
—Are you going to visit him
—Well, it depends.
——你要去看他吗？
——哦，这要看情况。
7.straight away 立刻，马上
The boy ran out of the classroom straight away as the bell rang.
那个男孩一听到铃声响就马上跑出了教室。
I told him what I thought about the matter straight away.
我立刻把我对这个问题的看法告诉了他。
[即学即练]　单句写作
你应该立刻去看医生。
________________________________________________________________________
归纳拓展：“立刻，马上”的其他表达法：
right now, in no time, at once, immediately, instantly
In no time, you'll be able to enjoy the fruits of your labor.
你很快就可以享受你劳动的成果了。
8.decide on/upon决定；选定
decide to do sth. 决定做某事
decision n. 决定
make a decision 做出决定
Have you decided on the topic for your speech？你确定演讲的主题了吗？
We must decide on a fit place for the meeting.
我们必须选定一个合适的地点开会。
We have decided on going for a trip next week.
我们已决定下周去旅行。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子
①At today's meeting we are to discuss and decide ________ the most effective approaches to the study of mathematics.
②In the end, he decided on ________ (spend) his summer holiday by the sea.
③I don't want to make the wrong ________(decide) and regret it later.
④Later Mrs Smith ________________(决定买) this kind of cloth because she was told that the cloth washed very well.
归纳拓展：“决定/决心做某事”的表达法：
decide on doing sth.
make a decision to do sth.
decide to do sth.
make up one's mind to do sth.
determine to do sth.
be determined to do sth.
句型
(教材P14)These bad habits, if left unchecked, could lead to more serious ones when they become adults.如果放任不管这些坏习惯，青少年成年后可能会面临更严重的问题。
状语从句的省略
(1)当从句的主语和主句的主语相同，且从句的谓语中含有be动词时，可省略从句中的主语和be动词。when，while，as，if，unless，until, even if/even though, as if, once, though, although等引导的状语从句用省略。
When (the water is) heated, the water will change into vapour.
水被加热时会变成蒸汽。
Even if (I am) invited, I won't go to his birthday party.
即使被邀请了，我也不去参加他的生日聚会。
(2)当从句的主语是it，从句的谓语中又含有be动词时，可以把从句中的it和be动词一起省略。
If (it is) convenient for you, you can come to my house.
如果方便的话，你可以来我家。
Unless (it is) necessary, you'd better not refer to the dictionary.
除非有必要，否则你最好不要查字典。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①The workers carried out the order as ________ (tell)．
②Though ________ (surprise) to see us, the professor gave us a warm welcome.
③Every evening after dinner, if not ________ (tire) from work, I will spend some time walking my dog.
④The doctor said if ________ (treat) properly, the boy was likely to be saved.
⑤Film has a much shorter history, especially when ________ (compare) to such art forms as music and painting.
课时达标
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．As a ________ (回报) for good behavior, treat you child to a new toy.
2．When he was at college, he was crazy about ________ (心理学) .
3．Little children shouldn't drink something containing ________ (酒精)．
4．Everything will go well, so you needn't be so ________ (悲观的) about your future.
5．It was that image of calm and ________ (自制力) that appealed to voters.
6．She told me that she was often disturbed by some ________ (消极的) thoughts.
7．The woman ________ (检查) the bag carefully, only to find that it contained some papers.
8．He argued that the economic recovery had been ________ (促进) by his tough power.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．You'd better not be too strict with her. ________ all, she is only four.
2．The young couple decided ________ the nice island for their holiday.
3．She used to be pessimistic ________ her life, but now she has changed.
4．In this situation, you must manage to inform him straight ________.
5．The old man went to the hospital to have his body ________ (examine) regularly.
6．What will the new actor do in ________ (respond) to the funny news
7．I will lend her some money in reward ________ her timely help.
8．Once ________ (begin), the project is hard to stop.
9．It is a hard job, but at the same time it is a ________ (reward) job.
10．When I go on a journey, my mother often reminds me ________ (repeat)．
11．The young man rushed into the castle to rescue the boy ________ (dominate) by the group.
12．You'd better pay attention to their ________ (physics) health as well as their mental health.
Ⅲ.课文语法填空
With teenagers 1.________ ( grow) up, some of them have developed bad habits. These bad habits, if not 2.________ (stop), could result in serious problems when they become 3.________ (adult), such as tobacco or alcohol abuse. To prevent 4.________ (harm) habits like these from affecting a teenager's life 5.________ (be) essential.
According to modern psychology, to change bad habits, we must first analyse them using the “habit cycle”. We must first find out 6.________ the cue is. Then we must replace the old negative routine with something more positive. If successful, we will feel a sense of satisfaction and our bad habit may disappear. Breaking a bad habit is difficult, and 7.________ is easy to make excuses and give up. We need 8.________ (make) up our minds and show some discipline, and make small changes over a period of time. There is no “magic pill” to help us, but the changes will ensure we have 9.________ happy and healthy life full 10.________ good habits !
【参考答案】
自学导引
Ⅰ. 1．tobacco　2.abuse　3.reward　4.facilitate　5.negative　6.discipline
Ⅱ. 1．酒；酒精　酒精的；含酒精的　酗酒者　2.physical　physically　3.支配；控制；占有优势　domination　4.repeatedly　repeat　repeated　repetition　5.心理学；心理；心理影响　psychological　psychologically　psychologist　6.rely　reliable　7.examine　examination　8.悲观的；悲观主义的　悲观主义　悲观主义者　悲观地　optimistic
Ⅲ. 1．become/be involved in　2.act as　3.in response to　4.rely on　5．aside from　6.straight away　7.decide on
Ⅳ. if left unchecked
文本研习
1．D　2.A　3.B　4.C
核心突破
词汇
1．①independent　②on/upon　③independence　④of
2．①the abuse of human rights　②她不断地滥用职权，让别人为她办事。
3．①has been dominated　②domination　③dominant
4．①Knowing　to　②In response to　③made no response to/didn't respond to
5．①reward　for　②offering a big reward for　③a reward for　④a rewarding trip
6．①to set　②it　③reliable
7．You should go to see a doctor straight away/right now/in no time/at once/immediately/instantly.
8．①on　②spending　③decision　④decided on buying或 decided to buy或made a decision to buy或 made up her mind to buy或 determined to buy或 was determined to buy
句型
①told　②surprised　③tired　④treated　⑤compared
课时达标
Ⅰ. 1．reward　2.psychology　3.alcohol　4.pessimistic　5.discipline　6.negative　7.examined　8.facilitated
Ⅱ. 1．After　2.on　3.about　4.away　5.examined　6.response　7.for　8.begun　9.rewarding　10.repeatedly　11.dominated　12.physical
Ⅲ. 1．growing　2.stopped　3.adults　4.harmful　5.is　6.what　7.it　8.to make　9.a　10.ofUnit 2　Healthy Lifestyle
Using Language & Assessing Your Progress
自学引导
Ⅰ.核心词汇
1．________ adj. 头晕目眩的
2．________ n. 流感
3．________ n. 牙科医生
4．________ n. 坚果
5．________ n. 滑板vi. 滑滑板
6．________ n. 保龄球运动
7．________ adj. 充满活力的；精力充沛的；动态的
8．________ adv.& adj. 每月；每月一次的n. 月刊
9．________ vt. 提高；增强；增进
10．________ vt. 吸引全部注意力；吸收
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
1．________ vt.激发；促进；刺激→________ n．刺激
2．________ adj.含糖的；甜的→________ n．糖
3．________ n．喜剧；喜剧片；滑稽节目→________滑稽演员；喜剧演员
4．________ vt.使恢复精力；使凉爽；刷新→________ n．(在公共活动场所供应或销售的)饮料，小食；恢复精力
Ⅲ.重点短语
1．____________ 下定决心
2．____________ 在自己的能力范围之内
3．____________ 焦虑不安，疲惫不堪
4．____________ 夜以继日
5．____________ 筋疲力尽的，疲惫的
6．____________ 掌控
7．____________ 试用(某人)，测试，试验
Ⅳ.重点句型
1．________ I went out with friends, I brought snacks from home, things that didn't have any added sugar: fruit, nuts, dried meat, etc.
每当我和朋友出去的时候，我都会从家里带一些零食，那些东西不含任何添加糖：水果、坚果、肉干等。
2．So I thought about ________.所以我一直在想该尝试些什么。
3．________ Gandhi said, “Be the change you want to see in the world. ”
正如甘地所说的，“欲变世界，先变其身。”
语篇理解
根据课文内容选择正确答案
1．What's the passage mainly about
A．An introduction of the summer camp.
B．Something about being sleepy.
C．Something about some sports.
D．Two students' letters to the editor about the changes of their lifestyles.
2．Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage
A．Wang Lu never ate any sugar.
B．Wang Lu ate much sugar before attending the summer camp.
C．George Fielding often felt stressed out after starting high school.
D．George Fielding used to be crazy about online games.
3．Through climbing, George Fielding did the following things EXCEPT ________.
A．getting refreshed
B．spending more time with his dad
C．getting to meet new friends
D．feeling more stressed
4．Wang Lu's bad habits included ________ before attending the summer camp.
A．playing online games
B．exercising regularly
C．going climbing
D．eating too much sugar
核心突破
词汇
1.lack vt.& vi.缺乏，没有 n．缺乏，匮乏，短缺(其前可加不定冠词)
lack (for) sth. 缺乏某物
(a) lack of... 缺乏
for/through lack of 因缺乏……
lacking adj. 缺乏的
be lacking in 缺少……
Despite the fact that they lacked food, the explorers continued toward the goal.
尽管缺乏食物，探险者们却继续向目标行进。
They lacked for nothing, but money.他们只缺钱。
The reason why he failed in the driving test was that he lacked confidence in himself.
他驾照考试失败的原因是对自己缺乏信心。
Children's health problems are usually linked to poor diet and (a) lack of exercise.
孩子们的健康问题通常与不良饮食和缺乏锻炼有关。
John never wanted to fail a competition for/through lack of practice.
约翰从来不想因为缺乏练习而输了比赛。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①The real trouble lies in their lack ________ confidence in their abilities.
②They gave up carrying out the plan ________ lack of money.
③From news, we can realize the serious problem that some areas are lacking ________ educational resources.
特别提示：
lacking adj.(不用于名词前)缺乏，不足
be lacking in...缺乏……(相当于be short of...)
2.stressed out焦虑不安；疲惫不堪
(1)stressed out＝stressed 焦虑的；紧张的；无法放松的
stress sb. out 使极度焦虑；使压力大
(2)stress n. 压力vt. 强调
under stress 在压力之下
place/lay/put stress on 让……承受压力
lay stress on 强调……
stress the importance of... 强调……的重要性
(3)stressed adj. 焦虑不安的
(4)stressful adj. 压力重的；紧张的
I always eat when I'm feeling stressed out/stressed.我总是一紧张就吃东西。
Talking with strangers always stresses me out.和陌生人交谈总是让我很紧张。
It is vital for bridge-designers to know about stress.
对于桥梁设计者来说，了解压力是至关重要的。
The research suggests that stress may change the way people make choices.
研究表明压力可能改变人们作选择的方式。
Faced with the entrance examination, the students are under great stress.
面对升学考试，学生们都承受着巨大的压力。
My parents place great stress on honesty.我的父母十分重视诚实。
The author mentioned the book groups to stress the importance of reading.
作者提到读书会是为了强调读书的重要性。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①________ (stress) and anxious, he never wanted to give up.
②Mary is beginning to get ________(stress) because of her ________ (stress) job.
③What we want ________ (stress) is that stress is different for everyone.
④Up to a certain point, the more stress you are ________， the better your performance will be.
⑤Pugh laid particular stress ________ the need for discipline.
名师点津：
stressed 使人感到焦虑不安的
stressful 是令人紧张的，有压力的
3.absorb (1)vt.吸引全部注意力，使全神贯注；(2)vt.吸收(液体、气体等)；吞并；(3)vt.理解，掌握
absorbed adj. 被……吸引住，专心致志，全神贯注
be/get absorbed in (doing) sth. 全神贯注于(做)某事
The writer was absorbed in his writing so that he forgot to close the window when the wind was picking up.
这位作家全神贯注地写作，以至于起风时他忘了关窗。
The movement of the machines absorbed him completely.
机器的运转完全把他吸引住了。
In cold climates，houses need to have walls that can absorb heat.
在气候寒冷的地方，房屋需要有能吸收热量的墙壁。
It's hard to absorb so much information within 10 minutes.
十分钟内掌握如此大量的信息是很困难的。
[即学即练]　判断下列句子中absorb的含义/单句语法填空
①While watching TV, children do not merely absorb words and images (影像). Instead, they learn both explicit(清楚明白的 ) and hidden meanings from what they see.________
②One hectare (公顷) of forest can absorb 1 ton of carbon dioxide per day.________
③The project has absorbed her for several years.________
④These kids are so absorbed ________ their studies that I just sit back. I don't teach.
⑤Completely ________ (absorb) in her new novel, the young writer kept thinking and writing in her study for a dozen hours.
⑥We closed our offices at 2：00 p．m. to give employees time ________ (absorb) the bad news.
语境串记：
Teachers often teach us that when we have a class, We should be absorbed in studying and only in this way can we absorb more knowledge.老师们经常教导我们，上课时我们应该专注于学习，只有这样，我们才能掌握更多的知识。
4.worn out adj. 筋疲力尽的；疲惫的；破烂不堪的，废旧的
worn adj. (物品)用旧的，用坏的；磨薄的；(人)疲惫的，筋疲力尽的
wear sb. out 使某人筋疲力尽
You must be absolutely worn out.你一定累坏了。
I never expected the shoes to be worn out so soon.
我从来没想到这鞋子这么快就穿破了。
Walking around a museum all day really wears you out.
一整天在博物馆里走来走去，真的让人筋疲力尽。
The stone steps were worn and broken.这些石头台阶被磨平破裂了。
[即学即练]　完成句子/单句语法填空
①比赛前他状态良好，但在赛后，他就疲惫不堪了。
Before the race, he is fine. But afterwards he ________________.
②那个小男孩跑来跑去踢着球，把自己弄得精疲力竭。
The little boy ran around kicking a ball, ________________.
③The shoes were ________ (wear) out of shape.
归纳拓展：exhausted adj. 筋疲力尽的
tired adj.疲倦的
5.refresh vt.使恢复精力；使凉爽；刷新；使想起
refresh oneself 恢复精力
refresh sb. with... 使某人提起精神，……使某人凉爽
refresh one's memory 使某人想起，唤起某人的记忆
I would like a cup of robust tea to refresh myself.我要喝一杯浓茶提神。
He refreshed himself with a cool shower.他冲了个凉水澡凉快凉快。
I looked at the map to refresh my memory of the road.
我看着地图，以使自己回忆起那条道路。
I've refreshed the page a few times but still see no comments.
这一页我已经刷新了几次，但仍未见到任何评论。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①After a day's tiring work, the manager prefers taking a walk along the river bank to refresh ________ (he)．
②Going to bed very late last night and getting up early this morning, I need to refresh myself ________ a cup of coffee.
③After the short nap, you will be taken back to the cafe area to enjoy a cup of coffee or one of the many other ________ (refresh) drinks on the menu.
④A walk at dawn or dusk helps you keep young. Try to make it a daily habit, which will guarantee you both physical and spiritual ________ (refresh)．
⑤________ (refresh) themselves, the employees usually drink a cup of coffee during their break time.
⑥Whenever he worked until midnight, he would drink a cup of tea to get ________ (refresh)．
联想拓展：①refreshing adj. 令人耳目一新的；提神的
②refreshed adj.神清气爽的
Once you are practised in this sort of relaxation you will feel refreshed afterwards.一旦你熟悉了这种放松方式，在放松之后你就会感到神清气爽。
归纳拓展：
try构成的其他短语：
try on试穿
try for力争赢得
try one's best尽某人最大的努力
try out for参加……选拔
6．try out (1)测试，试验；(2)试用(某人)
The idea sounds fine, but we need to try it out in practice.
这个主意听起来不错，但我们要在实践中试验一下。
They are trying out a new presenter for the show.
他们正在为这个节目试用一名新的主持人。
[即学即练]　用try的相关短语完成句子
①Susan could hardly wait to ________ the new mobile phone her mother bought her for her birthday.
②I'd like to ________ that blue coat to see if it matches my shirt.
③The university attracts me a lot because there is a great basketball team and I can ________ it.
④Faced with difficulties, they never give up but ________ to find a way out.
特别提醒：
动词短语try out中的out是副词，因此当代词作宾语时，代词置于try和out之间；当名词作宾语时，可置于try和out之间或try out之后。
句型
1．(教材P20)Whenever I went out with friends, I brought snacks from home, things that didn't have any added sugar: fruit, nuts, dried meat, etc.每当我和朋友出去的时候，我都会从家里带一些零食，那些东西不含任何添加糖：水果、坚果、肉干等。
此句中whenever引导时间状语从句。
“特殊疑问词＋ever”结构
(1)“疑问代词＋-ever”：whatever/whichever/whoever/whomever可引导两种类型的从句，即让步状语从句和名词性从句。
①引导让步状语从句时，whatever/whichever/whoever/whomever分别相当于no matter what/which/who/whom。
Whatever(＝No matter what) difficulty you meet with on the way to success，you should never lose heart.不管你在成功的路上遇到什么困难，你都不应该灰心。
Whoever(＝No matter who) you are, you must obey the school regulations.不管你是谁，都必须遵守校规。
②引导名词性从句时，“疑问代词＋-ever”相当于anything that...或anyone who...，此时不能用“no matter＋疑问代词”替换。
It is generally considered unwise to give a child whatever he or she wants.人们普遍认为给孩子他/她想要的任何东西是不明智的。(whatever引导宾语从句，在从句中作宾语，相当于anything that)
Whoever leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.无论是谁最后离开房间都应该把灯关掉。(Whoever引导主语从句，在从句中作主语，相当于Anyone who)
(2)“疑问副词＋-ever”：wherever/whenever/however引导让步状语从句时分别相当于no matter where/when/how。wherever也可以引导地点状语从句。
Wherever(＝No matter where)I go, my affection for my hometown will never be changed.无论我去哪里，我对家乡的爱永远不会变。
However(＝No matter how) late he was, his mother would always wait for him to have dinner together.不管他回来多晚，他的母亲总会等他一起吃饭。
You can sit wherever you like.你爱坐哪儿就坐哪儿。(wherever引导地点状语从句)
[即学即练]　用适当的“疑问词＋-ever”填空/句型转换
①But ________ long it takes, the technology has the potential to change our transportation systems and our cities, for better or for worse, depending on how the transformation is regulated.
②________ you move to a new area, you should locate the fire alarm pull stations and the two exits nearest your room.
③The teacher decided to give the task to ________ had a strong sense of duty.
④This movie star is so famous that there are crowds of people waiting to see her ________ she goes.
⑤In this volunteer organization，volunteers are allowed to do ________ work they would like to do in order to help people in need get through their hard times.
⑥No matter what happened, he would not mind.
→________________， he would not mind.
⑦No matter who comes, he is welcome.
→________________， he is welcome.
2．(教材P20)So I thought about what to try.所以我一直在想该尝试些什么。
“疑问词＋不定式”结构
疑问代词(who，what，which等)、疑问副词(when，where，how等)及whether后跟不定式，构成“疑问词＋不定式”结构，可以在句中作主语、宾语(一般用在tell，understand，explain，advise，discuss等后面)、表语、同位语等。
We don't know what to do with such a difficult problem. Could you tell us how we deal with it
我们不知道如何处理这样一个难题。你能告诉我们怎么处理吗？
Where to go tomorrow has not been decided.
明天到什么地方去尚未决定。
He has to learn how to hunt for food, and make fire.
他得学会如何寻找食物以及生火。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空/用“特殊疑问词或whether＋不定式”结构完成句子
①It seemed an unending journey, but even as a six-year-old girl I realized that knowing how ________ (read) could open many doors.
②A grasp of ________ to manage colour in your spaces is one of the first steps to creating rooms you'll love to live in.
③We couldn't agree on ________ to start and ________ to go for the coming holiday.
④什么时候开会还没有告诉我们。
________________ has not yet been told to us.
⑤我知道在哪里能找到这个男孩。
I know ________________.
⑥她不知道是否要学一门新外语。
She doesn't know ________________.
3．(教材P20)As Gandhi said, “Be the change you want to see in the world.”正如甘地所说的，“欲变世界，先变其身。”
as引导的非限制性定语从句
as引导的非限制性定语从句的特点是：①常放在句首，也可放在句中或句尾；②as常译为“正如；正像”；③as可以指代整个主句。常见的as引导的非限制性定语从句如下：
as is often the case这是常有的事
as was expected不出所料
as often happens正如经常发生的那样
as has been said above如上所述
as is mentioned above正如上面所提到的
as everybody/we can see正如大家/我们所看到的
as is known to all＝ as we all know众所周知
This island is, as is known to us all, an inseparable part of our country.
众所周知，这个岛是我国不可分割的一部分。
特别注意：as和which引导非限制性定语从句的不同
①which引导的定语从句只能位于主句后，但as引导的从句可位于主句前、主句中或主句后。
The meeting was put off, which was exactly what we wanted.会议被推迟了，这正是我们想要的。
As is known to all，China is a developing country.众所周知，中国是一个发展中国家。
He is from the south, as we can see from his accent.
他来自南方，这一点我们可以从他的口音上注意到。
John, as you know, is a famous writer.约翰，如你所知，是一位著名的作家。
He has been to Paris several times, which I don't believe.我不相信他已经去过巴黎好几次了。
②as有“正如……；正像……”的意思，which常译为“这一点；这件事；这种情况”。
③as引导的定语从句只表示一个众所周知或意料之中的事，但which不受此限制，即as引导的定语从句在意义上不是否定的。
He married her, which was unexpected.他和她结婚了，这出乎人们的意料。(不可用as)
[即学即练]　用as或which填空
①Your porters carry your luggage, ________ means that you can simply enjoy the experience.
②He tore up my photo, ________ upset me.
③________ is often the case, he remembers nothing after having a class.
④They said they were French, ________ wasn't true.
⑤The famous magician, ________ we all know, is from China.
⑥He changed his mind again, ________ made us all angry.
⑦________ you will find out, all is now settled.
⑧The burst of the gas pipelines happened the other day, ________shocked all of us.
⑨He studied hard at school when he was young, ________ leads to his success in his later life.
⑩The road was too slippery, ________ caused lots of accidents.
随堂自测
Ⅰ.单词拼写(用本部分所学单词)
1．I felt ________ (头晕目眩的)when I looked down from the top of the television tower.
2．Sorry, I can't go shopping with you, because I have an appointment with my ________ (牙医) this afternoon.
3．Avoiding foods high in fat, salt and calories, along with ________ (含糖的) drinks, can reduce the risk of cancer.
4．I am very happy to join this young and ________(有活力的)team.
5．To ________(使恢复精力)themselves, the employees in the computer company usually have a coffee or tea during their break time.
6．The ________ (喜剧) writers often use different techniques to make their audience laugh.
7．You have to rewrite the ________ (每月一次的) report because you left out many important details.
8．This is an opportunity to ________ (提高) the reputation of the company.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．________ (absorb) in his games, he didn't notice that person.
2．What do you usually do to get ________ (refresh) when you are tired
3．The old woman was ________ (wear) out and she couldn't walk any further.
4．To keep slim, you'd better not eat too much ________ (sugar) food.
5．Later he found it ________ (disturb) to work with such a talkative person.
6．It is said that several ________ (special) will come to assess the project.
7．The new text ________ (compose) of three parts is hard to recite.
8．I heard that she got ________ (marry) as soon as she graduated from college.
9．To make up for their lack ________ basic knowledge in math, they have to review all these textbooks.
Ⅲ.课文语法填空
Dear Editor，
I didn't realize I hardly ever felt well physically and mentally 1.________ I attended your summer camp about health and lifestyle choices. I often felt 2.________ (sleep) and dizzy, and lacked passion. What worried me most was that I got the flu easily and experienced many 3.________ (toothache), too. “Change the world by changing yourself” was 4.________ I heard at the camp, 5.________ (stimulate) my motivation. When 6.________ (examine) by my dentist, I was told that too much sugar in my meals 7.________ (damage) my teeth and health. Then I decided to change two things in my life: to quit sugar and to work out.
After that, I stopped buying all the sweets, biscuits, and sugary drinks. I went outside for at least 30 minutes every day. Sometimes I played table tennis with my cousins or jumped on my skateboard, riding around my neighborhood, or just took 8.________ long walk.
Now, I feel stronger than ever.9.________( amazing), flu and toothaches no longer bother me. Best of all, 10.________ my opinion, is how I feel about myself. I feel like I take control of my own life.
Yours truly，
Wang Lulu
【参考答案】
自学引导
Ⅰ. 1．dizzy　2.flu　3.dentist　4.nut　5.skateboard　6.bowling　7．dynamic　8.monthly　9.enhance　10.absorb
Ⅱ. 1．stimulate　stimulation　2.sugary　sugar　3.comedy　comedian　4.refresh　refreshment
Ⅲ. 1．make up one's mind　2.within one's own power　3.stress out　4．day and night　5.worn out　6.take control of　7.try out
Ⅳ. 1．Whenever　2.what to try　3.As
语篇理解
1．D　2.A　3.D　4.D
核心突破
词汇
1．①of　②for　③in
2．①Stressed　②stressed　stressful　③to stress　④under　⑤on
3．①理解　②吸收　③吸引全部注意力　④in　⑤absorbed　⑥to absorb
4．①is worn out　②wearing himself out　③worn
5．①himself　②with　③refreshing　④refreshment　⑤To refresh　⑥refreshed
6．①try out　②try on　③try out for　④try their best
句型
1．①however　②Whenever　③whoever　④wherever　⑤whatever　⑥Whatever happened　⑦Whoever comes
2．①to read　②how　③when　where　④When to hold the meeting　⑤where to find the boy　⑥whether to learn a new foreign language
3．①which　②which　③As　④which　⑤as　⑥which　⑦As　⑧which　⑨which　⑩which
随堂自测
Ⅰ. 1．dizzy　2.dentist　3.sugary　4.dynamic　5.refresh　6.comedy　7.monthly　8.enhance
Ⅱ.1．Absorbed　2.refreshed　3.worn　4.sugary　5.disturbing　6.specialists　7.composed　8.married　9.of
Ⅲ. 1．until　2.sleepy　3.toothaches　4.what　5.stimulating　6.examined　7.had damaged　8.a　9.Amazingly　10.inUnit 2　Healthy Lifestyle
Writing
如何写改掉不健康生活习惯的文章
随着科技的发展和生活水平的提高，很多人养成了不健康的生活习惯，如很多人经常熬夜，不吃早饭，不参加体育锻炼，吃过多的高热量食物等等，这些都是非常不健康的生活习惯。长期如此，身心健康会受到极大影响。
本单元的写作是有关摒弃不良的生活方式、培养良好的生活习惯的，对应了《普通高中英语课程标准》(2017年版2020年修订)中的“人与自我”这一主题，要求考生能够就“健康的生活方式、积极的生活态度”表达自己的想法。
写作思路如下：
1．首段：描述不健康的生活习惯(即提出问题)；
2．主体段：改掉不健康的生活习惯的措施(即采取行动)；
3．尾段：措施产生的效果或建议。
常用表达
(1) It can be noticed that there are some unhealthy living habits among. . .
(2) Some of us often go to school without breakfast; some like to have snacks.
(3) All these bad habits will surely do harm to our health.
(4) What worries me most is that these habits may have much impact on my academic performance.
(5) I think healthy living habits are very important to us.
(6) In current society, people have known the importance of keeping healthy lifestyles.
(7) Good rest, less meat and fish, more vegetables and enough exercise are good for health.
(8) To keep fit, we should have various healthy diets, including. . .
(9) Having realized the importance of taking exercise, we should work out regularly.
(10) I am used to walking to school if weather permits.
(11) As far as I'm concerned, we should develop a healthy eating habit of. . .
(12) There is no doubt that a balanced diet is beneficial to our health.
(13) We should reject junk food, such as instant noodles and hamburgers.
(14) Doctors advise us teenagers to sleep for at least 8 hours each day.
(15) Therefore it's very important for us to form healthy eating habits.
(16) Only in this way can we have enough energy to study better.
(17) People come to realize that good health is the most valuable thing a person can have.
[精品展示]
假定你是李华，你校英语校报编辑正在就“Healthy lifestyle”这一主题面向全体学生征稿。请你根据以下内容给编辑写一封信。
写作要点：
1.指出不良习惯：熬夜玩手机；
2.作出决定；
3.提出具体行动；
4.表达预期结果。
注意：
1．要点齐全，可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
2．词数80左右，开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear editor，
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Best wishes.
Yours，
Li Hua
[审题谋篇]
第一步：明确要求
该写作为书信类应用文。时态以一般现在时为主。
第二步：明确书信格式
首先是信头的称呼(文中已给出)，主要内容写在主体段即第二段，最后是信尾客套语(文中已给出)。
第三步：提炼要点
1．________________ 没有精力做某事
2．________________ 熬夜
3．________________ 下决心做某事
4．________________ 洗热水澡
5．________________ 像以前一样
第四步：句式升级
1．最近我上课特别困，没有精力做事情，这已经影响到了我的健康和学习。
一般表达：Recently I have been very sleepy in class and have had no energy to do anything. It has greatly affected my health and study.
高级表达：
________________________________________________________________________
2．我要读些放松的书并且在睡前洗个热水澡，这可以帮我睡个好觉。
一般表达：I will read some relaxing books and take a warm bath before going to bed, and this may help me get a sound sleep.
高级表达：
________________________________________________________________________
[连句成篇]
Dear editor，
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Best wishes.
Yours，
Li Hua
【参考答案】
[审题谋篇]
第三步：提炼要点
1．have no energy to do sth.
2．stay up
3．make up one's mind to do
4．take a warm bath
5．as before
第四步：句式升级
1．Recently I have been very sleepy in class and have had no energy to do anything, which has greatly affected my health and study.
2．I will read some relaxing books and take a warm bath before going to bed, which may help me get a sound sleep.
[连句成篇]
参考范文：
Dear editor，
I'm troubled by a serious problem. Recently I have been very sleepy in class and have had no energy to do anything, which has greatly affected my health and study. After starting high school, I felt stressed out and always relaxed by staying up playing phone games. As a result, I lacked energy and passion in the daytime. But now I have made up my mind to change this situation. I will arrange the time of using mobile phone reasonably. Instead, I will read some relaxing books and take a warm bath before going to bed, which may help me get a sound sleep. I believe I will become energetic again and enjoy my study and life as before.
Best wishes.
Yours，
Li Hua

展开更多......

收起↑