资源简介

Unit 4　Adversity and Courage
Grammar
课程学习目标
1.掌握significance, somehow以及fed up with的用法。
2.复习动词的时态,包括现在完成进行时的用法。
知识体系梳理
重点单词 1.　　　　 n. 意义;重要性;重要意义 2.　　　　 adv. 以……方式;不知怎么地 3.　　　　 adj. 有系统的;有计划的;有条理的 4.　　　　 vt. (spat, spit)吐出(唾液、食物等) vi. 吐痰 5.　　　　 vt. 删;删除 6.　　　　 n. 相册;集邮册;唱片 7.　　　　 n. (刮、抓、划的)痕迹;搔;挠 vt. 搔;抓;擦伤;刮坏 8.　　　　 n. 学院;学会;学术团体;院校
重点短语 1.　　　　 out拔出;挖出 2.　　　　 　　　　　　　　with 受够了;厌烦 3.　　　　 　　　　导致 4.　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　禁止某人做…… 5.　　　　 　　　　　　　　代表 6.　　　　 　　　　　　　　尽管 7.　　　　 　　　　爆发 8.　　　　 　　　　代替 9.　　　　 　　　　先于 10.　　　　 　　　　　　　　顺便说;顺便问
重点句式 Dr Black assumed this discovery would change the way academics thought about early people in China.
重点语法 现在完成进行时
重点单词探究
somehow
品句会意
阅读下列句子,注意somehow的意思及用法。
Somehow we must make up for the lost time.我们必须以某种方式把损失的时间补上。
Somehow, I don’t feel I can trust him.不知怎么回事,我还是感觉不能相信他。
　　通过观察以上句子,我们发现somehow是(1)　　　　词,意思是“(2)　　　　　　”。
即学即练
Ⅰ.选词填空
anyway; somehow; anyhow; somewhat
(1)His clothes were always thrown away just 　　　　.
(2)He told me not to buy it, but I bought it 　　　　.
(3)We’ll get the money　　　　 to save the wounded man.
(4)Their swimming pool is　　　　deeper than ours.
Ⅱ.单项填空
He doesn’t spend any more money on clothing than I do, but　　　he manages to look so stylish.
A.therefore B.somehow C.furthermore D.otherwise
重点短语探究
be fed up with
品句会意
阅读下列句子,注意be fed up with的意思及用法。
I am fed up with waiting for her to telephone.我等她的电话都等得不耐烦了。
I am fed up with his laziness and carelessness.我受够了他的懒惰和粗心。
We are fed up with his grumbling.我们已经听厌了他的牢骚话。
　　通过观察以上句子,我们发现be fed up with 意为“　　　　　　　　”。
即学即练
Ⅰ.用feed相关短语的适当形式填空
(1)You can 　　　　these carrots　　　　the rabbits.
(2)People here　　　　　　　　 rice chiefly.
(3)Your child looks too thin; he needs 　　　　　　　　.
Ⅱ.单项填空
—I’m really　　　　this weather.Why can’t it be sunny for a change
—We can’t go out for camping.
A.fed up to B.fed on C.fed to D.fed up with
重点句式探究
Dr Black assumed this discovery would change the way academics thought about early people in China.布莱克教授认为这次发现将改变学者对于早期中国人类的认识。
句式探究
我不喜欢你取笑她的方式。
即学即练
Ⅰ.用合适的引导词填空
(1)The way　　　　 he answered the questions was surprising.
(2)I like the way 　　　　the teacher gives his lessons.
(3)It was clear that the speaker trusted Tom from the way　　　　these words were said.
(4)I don’t like the way 　　　　he offered to solve the problem.
Ⅱ.单项填空
The boy found out a clever way　　　　helped him to memorize new words more efficiently.
A.不填 B.what C.in which D.which
重点语法探究
现在完成进行时
一、现在完成进行时的结构形式
经典例句
阅读下列句子,注意画线部分的现在完成进行时的构成。
I have been learning English for some years.我学英语已经有几年了。
Mike has been staying in China since 2008.自从2008年以来,迈克就住在了中国。
They have been living in good terms with each other in the past years.在过去的日子里,他们一直关系融洽地住在一起。
自我归纳
　　通过观察以上句子,我们发现,现在完成进行时是由“have / has + been +现在分词”构成的,助动词have有人称和数的变化。
二、现在完成进行时的基本用法
基本用法一
经典例句
阅读下列句子,注意画线部分的现在完成进行时的用法。
I have been waiting for a letter from my parents.我一直在等我父母的来信。
It has been raining for three hours.雨已经下了三个小时了。
We have been studying here since 2004.自从2004年以来,我们一直在这里学习。
自我归纳
　　通过观察以上句子,我们发现,现在完成进行时可以表示从过去某时开始一直延续到说话时还在进行,或可能还要继续下去的动作。它通常和“for +一段时间”或“since +点时间(也可以是从句)”的时间状语连用。
基本用法二
经典例句
阅读下列句子,注意画线部分的现在完成进行时的用法。
She has been sweeping the street all day. She is too tired.她一整天都在扫大街。她太累了。
We have been waiting for you for two hours. We don’t want to wait any longer.我们已经等你两个小时了,不想再等了。
自我归纳
　　通过观察以上句子,我们发现,现在完成进行时可以表示从过去某时开始,一直延续到说话时才刚刚结束的动作。
三、现在完成进行时与其他时态的用法比较
1.现在完成进行时与现在进行时的用法比较
经典例句
阅读下列句子,注意两种时态表示的动作所在的时间。
Susan has been reading that storybook since last night. 从昨晚开始苏珊就一直在看那本故事书。
Susan is reading a storybook now. 苏珊正在看一本故事书。
自我归纳
　　通过观察以上句子,我们发现,现在完成进行时强调某一动作从过去一直延续到现在;而现在进行时只指目前正在发生的动作。
2.现在完成进行时和现在完成时的用法比较
经典例句
阅读下列句子,注意两种时态表示的动作的侧重点。
I have watered the flowers.我已经给花浇过水了。(已完成:你不必浇了)
I have been watering the flowers.我一直在给花浇水。(未完成:一直在浇)
自我归纳
　　通过观察以上句子,我们发现,现在完成时表示动作已完成,着重结果;现在完成进行时表示动作的进行,强调动作的持续性。
基础盘点
　　英语中的多数动词在这两种时态中表示不同的含义。现在完成时如果不带表示一段时间的状语,就只能表示动作的完成,而现在完成进行时则表示动作的延续。
They have built a new lab.他们建了一幢新的实验室。(表示动作的完成)
They have been building a new lab (these years).他们(这几年)一直在建一幢新的实验室。(无论用时间状语还是不用时间状语,都表示动作的延续)
即学即练
Ⅰ. 完成句子
(1)I 　　　　　　　　　　　　, but she hasn’t come yet.我等了一个钟头,她还没来。
(2)　　　　　　　　　　　　 these years 这些年来你一直在干什么
(3)I 　　　　　　　　　　　　my dog the whole day, but haven’t found it yet.我一整天一直在找我的狗,还没有找到。
Ⅱ.单项填空
(1)—I 　　　　so busily recently that I 　　　　no time to help you with your math.
—That’s OK. I can manage it by myself.
A.have been working; have
B.have worked; had
C.am working; will have
D.had been working; had had
(2)—Have you finished the report
—No.I　　　　 it all this week.
A.will do B.had done
C.have done D.have been doing
(3)We　　　　 for cheap houses but haven’t found　　　　we like yet.
A.are looking; one B.have looked; it
C.have been looking; one D.looked; them
(4)Mother wanted to be a good provider, a role she　　　　 since her marriage to father.
A.shoulders B.shouldered
C.is shouldering D.has been shouldering
(5)—Hi, David. You look so tired. What’s going on
—I 　　　　the classroom for 2 hours.
A.am cleaning B.was cleaning
C.have been cleaning D.had cleaned
●本课时的核心部分为语法知识“现在完成进行时”,知识要点结构图解如下:
参考答案
知识体系梳理
重点单词:
1.significance　2.somehow　3.systematic　4.spit　5.delete 6.album　7.scratch　8.academy
重点短语:
1.pull　2.be fed up　3.lead to　4.forbid sb to do　5.on behalf of　6.in spite of　7.break out　8.instead of　9.ahead of　10.by the way
重点单词探究
品句会意
(1)副　(2)通过某种途径;不知怎么回事
即学即练
Ⅰ.
(1)anyhow　(2)anyway / anyhow　(3)somehow
(4)somewhat
Ⅱ.
B　句意:他花在衣服上的钱不比我多,但不知怎么地,他总能看上去那么时尚。therefore“因此”;somehow“不知怎么地”;furthermore“而且;此外”;otherwise“否则”。
重点短语探究
品句会意
受够了;厌烦
即学即练
Ⅰ.
(1)feed; to　(2)feed on　(3)feeding up
Ⅱ.
D　句意:“我受够了这种天气,就不能出一下太阳吗 ”“我们不能去野营了。” be fed up with“讨厌;对……不感兴趣;受够了”。
重点句式探究
句式仿写
I don’t like the way (that / in which) you laugh at her.
即学即练
Ⅰ.
(1)that / in which　(2)that / in which　(3)that / in which　(4)that / which
Ⅱ.
D　分析句子可知,helped为谓语动词,其前面缺少主语,故用关系代词代替先行词way引导定语从句。
重点语法探究
即学即练
Ⅰ.
(1)have been waiting for an hour　(2)What have you been doing　(3)have been looking for
Ⅱ.
(1)A　recently常与现在完成时、现在完成进行时或一般过去时连用;第2空应用一般现在时表示现在的情况。
(2)D　由答语“No”可看出报告未完成,我一直在做,故用现在完成进行时。
(3)C　句意:我们一直在寻找便宜的房子,但还没找到我们喜欢的。one泛指“某一间房子”。
(4)D　在本句since表示自从过去到现在, 所以用现在完成进行时表示动作从过去一直持续到现在。
(5)C　句意:“嗨,大卫,你看起来很累。发生什么事了 ”“我已经打扫教室两个小时了。”由句意可知,此处用现在完成进行时表示从过去(两小时前)发生,一直持续到说话时的动作。Unit 4　Adversity and Courage
Reading and Thinking
自学导引
Ⅰ.核心词汇
1．________ n. 困境；逆境
2．________ n. 工资
3．________ adj. 严寒的；激烈而不愉快的；味苦的
4．________ n. 探险；远征；探险队
5．________ adv. & prep. 上(船、飞机、公共汽车等)
6．________ n. 橱柜；壁橱；衣柜
7．________ n. & vt. 羡慕；妒忌
8．________ vi. 沉没；下沉；下降 vt. 使下沉；使沉没
9．________ vt. 舍弃；抛弃；放弃
10．________ n. 炉具；厨房灶具
11．________ n. 毯子
12．________ adj. 痛苦的；令人难受的
13．________ n. & vt. 航海；航行
14．________ n. 海军；海军部队
15．________ adj. 相当不错的；正派的；得体的
16．________ adj. 自私的
17．________ adj. 真正的；真诚的；可信赖的
18．________ n. (轮船、飞机等上面的)全体工作人员；专业团队；一群人
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
1．________ n．忍耐力；耐久力→________ vt.忍耐；忍受
2．________ adj.符合资格；具备……的知识(或技能、学历等)→________ vt.取得资格；使合格
3．________ adj.热情的；热心的→________ n．热情；热忱
4．________ vt.分派；布置；分配→________ n．分配的任务
5．________ n．[pl.]财物；动产→________ vi.属于
6．________ n．毅力；韧性；不屈不挠的精神→________ vi.坚持；孜孜以求
7．________ vi. & vt.决定；决心；解决(问题或困难) n．决心；坚定的信念→________ n．决议；解决；坚定
Ⅲ.阅读词汇
1．vigour n. ____________
2．steward n. ____________
3．crush vt. ____________ n. ____________
4．banjo n. ____________
Ⅳ.重点短语
1．____________ 拒绝某人
2．____________ 出发
3．____________ 被……困住
4．____________ 扔掉
5．____________ 让某人惊讶的是
6．____________ 保持
7．____________ 毕竟；终究
Ⅴ.重点句型
1．Well, __________________________ one morning I bought a newspaper and read the advertisement about the Antarctic expedition.
哦，有一天早上我碰巧买了一份报纸，看到了南极探险的广告。
2．__________________________，we'd all be dead by now.
要不是弗兰克和欧内斯特，我们现在全都死了。
语篇理解
根据课文内容选择正确答案
1．What directly caused Perce to explore Antarctica
A．Hearing the story of Sir Ernest Shackleton.
B．His curiosity about what existed in the South Pole.
C．Reading an advertisement about the Antarctic expedition.
D．His eagerness to work with Sir Ernest Shackleton.
2．Why did Shackleton decide to abandon the Endurance
A．Because the Endurance was firmly frozen in the sea.
B．Because the ice would bring danger to the ship.
C．Because Shackleton found his crew in panic.
D．Because the ship was crushed by the ice.
3．How did Perce describe Shackleton in the next
A．Strict and confident.
B．Calm and considerate.
C．Smart and open-minded.
D．Brave and ambitious.
4．How did Perce deal with the life on Elephant Island
A．He encouraged other crew to live on.
B．He had to survive on animals and fruit.
C．He felt to survive on animals and fruit.
D．He seemed to sit on pins and needles.
互动探究
重点词汇
1.apply vt.应用，运用；涂，敷 vi.申请 vt. & vi.(对……)适用
(1)apply (to...) for (向……)申请，应聘
apply oneself/one's mind to (doing) sth. 致力于，专注于(做)某事
apply...to... 把……运用于……；把……应用于……；把……敷到……上
apply to 适用于；关系到；向……申请
(2)application n. 申请；应用；应用软件
(3)applicant n. 申请人
(4)applied adj. 应用的；实用的
He has applied for a post in England.他已经在英国申请了一个职位。
In spite of much noise, he still applied himself to reading.
尽管有很多噪音，他仍能专心读书。
He applied to a university.他向一所大学提出了申请。
We've applied to the government for a home improvement fund.
我们已经向政府申请改善住房的专款。
Apply the cream evenly to your face and neck.将乳霜均匀涂抹于面部和颈部。
Later I decided to apply my previous experience to learning how to read and write.
后来我决定把我先前的经验应用到学习如何读写上。
What I have said applies only to some of you.我所说的只适用于你们当中的一部分人。
With repeated applications of weed killer, the weeds were overcome.
通过反复施用除草剂，杂草得以根除。
Her application for the membership of the organization was approved.
他加入组织的申请通过了。
Everyone should fill in an application form when applying for a new job.
申请新工作时每个人都应该填写申请表。
I made an application to the bank for a loan.我向银行申请贷款。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①However, technology is also the ________ (apply) of scientific knowledge of solving a problem, touching lives in countless ways.
②The principle that you can become good at things through hard work applies ________ your schoolwork.
③He made an application ________ the company for promotion.
④Please clean the wound with a clean cloth and then apply the medicine ________ it.
⑤I would like to apply ________ the vice president of our school English club.
⑥The old man manages to enrich his own cultural life, applying himself to ________ (learn) English.
⑦The job drew a good many ________ (apply) to take part in the interview.
语境助记：
A large number of people have sent off applications for the job. Some of the applicants may be disappointed because only one third applying for it have the chance to be employed.许多人已经申请了这项工作。有些申请者可能会失望，因为只有三分之一的申请者有机会被录用。
2.turn...down拒绝(某人、某个建议等)；把……调低
He will try again, although he has been turned down 5 times.
尽管他已被拒绝了五次，但是他还是会再尝试的。
Please turn the volume down, for I can't get what my friend said on the phone.
请把音量调低些，我都听不清我朋友在电话里说了些什么。
Almost all these pages are turned down.
几乎每一页都有折角。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Tony put on soft music and turned ________ the lights in order to create a more relaxed atmosphere at home.
②I had been feeling so bad until she turned ________ and told me she would give me another chance.
③The job turned ________ to be harder than we thought.
④He was disappointed to find his suggestions turned ________.
归纳拓展：
turn构成的其他短语：
turn up到达，露面；偶然出现；调高(音量等)
turn off关掉(电灯、电视等)
turn out结果是；生产；出席(某项活动)，在场
turn on打开(电流、煤气、水等)
turn in上交；交还
turn back (使)折回，往回走
3.qualified adj.符合资格，具备……的知识(或技能)；具备……的学历(或资历)
(1)be qualified to do sth. 有资格做某事
be qualified for... 符合……的条件
a qualified accountant/teacher 取得执业资格的会计师/教师
(2)qualify vi. 合格，取得资格(或学历) vt. 使合格，使具备资格
(3)qualification n. [C]资格，资历；学历
He took all kinds of tests to prove he was well qualified for this important task.
他做了各种测试来证明他完全能胜任这项重要的任务。
He is not yet an adult, so he isn't qualified to vote.
他还没有成年，所以没有资格投票。
The test will qualify you to drive heavy vehicles.
通过这项考试你就有资格驾驶重型车辆。
A victory in this game will earn them qualification for the World Cup.
这场比赛的胜利将使他们取得世界杯的参赛资格。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The applicant isn't ________ (qualify) to do the job as he didn't have the relevant experience required for the job.
②He's been informed that he doesn't qualify ________ the scholarship because of his academic background.
③Having studied computer lessons, which are designed for children, is an important qualification ________ the job.
高考助记：
He's been informed that he doesn't qualify for the scholarship because of his academic background.他已被告知因学历背景不合格他不具备获得奖学金的资格。
4.enthusiastic adj.热情的，热心的，热烈的
(1)be enthusiastic about (doing) sth. 对(做)某事热心/感兴趣
(2)enthusiasm n. [U]热情，热心，热忱
with enthusiasm 热情地
(3)enthusiast n. [C]热心者，爱好者
(4)enthusiastically adv. 热情地
He doesn't know much about this subject, but he's very enthusiastic.
他对这个话题所知不多，但他极感兴趣。
Little Tom was so enthusiastic about learning Chinese and after six months, he could speak it fluently.小汤姆对学习中文十分感兴趣。六个月后，他的中文说得相当流利。
The proposal was greeted with great enthusiasm.
这个提议得到了热情的响应。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Moore is enthusiastic ________ the candy she created, and she's also positive about what the future might bring.
②Although Rosemary had suffered from a serious illness for years, she lost none of her ________ (enthusiastic) for life.
语境助记：
The enthusiasts for environmental protection are planting trees with great enthusiasm, which makes us more enthusiastic about environmental protection.环保热心人士正在热情十足地植树，这使我们对环保更加感兴趣了。
5.aboard prep.上(船、飞机、火车、公共汽车等)；adv.在(船、飞机、火车、公共汽车等)上
After five hours of waiting, they finally went aboard the ship.
等了5个小时后，他们终于上了船。
They waved goodbye to him as he went aboard at the station.
他在火车站登上火车之际，他们向他挥手道别。
The plane crashed; fortunately, all the 157 passengers aboard survived.
飞机坠毁，所幸机上157名乘客全部幸存了下来。
[即学即练]　选词填空(aboard/abroad/board/broad)
①—I am really struck by your spoken English. You speak so fluently. Have you been ________？
—Yes. I stayed in London for two years.
②We are asked to ________ half an hour before the departure time.
③Just before the moment the train started moving, he went ________.
④In our village, there is a ________ road, both sides of which are lined with trees.
⑤I was about to go ________ the plane to go ________ when someone called me.
辨析比较：aboard, abroad, board与broad
易混词 区别
aboard prep. & adv.在(火车、船、飞机等)上，上(火车、船、飞机等)
abroad adv.在国外，到国外
board v.上船(或火车、飞机、公共汽车等)；寄宿 n．木板；膳食；董事会
broad adj.广阔的，宽阔的；广泛的；概括的
6.set off 出发；动身；启程　使(炸弹等)爆炸　引发，激起(＝arouse)
Just as she prepared to set off for the next village, two friends arrived in a taxi.
正当她准备出发去下一个村子时，两个朋友乘出租车来了。
Do be careful with those fireworks; the slightest spark can set them off.
那些烟火要格外小心，稍有火星就能引起爆炸。
The oil truck caught fire and set off a chain of explosions.
油罐车着火了，引发了一连串的爆炸。
A letter from home set off his feelings of homesickness.
一封家信一下子唤起了他的思乡之情。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①They set ________ one evening a week to talk over with family about the topic of children.
②As soon as she got home, she set ________ preparing lunch.
③Having said goodbye to their friends, they set ________ for Paris.
④He will set ________ all his important thoughts in his diary when they are fresh in his mind.
⑤If you really want to see the movie, we'd better set off ________ the cinema now.
⑥We set out ________ (paint) the whole house but finished only the front part that day.
归纳拓展：
set构成的其他搭配：
set aside留出(时间、金钱)；把……放到一旁
set up设置，设立；建立，开办
set about (doing) sth.着手/开始(做)某事
set down让某人下车；写下，记下(＝write down)
set out动身，启程(＋for＋地点)；开始工作(＋to do sth.)
7.assign vt.分配，分派；指派
(1)assign sb. sth.＝assign sth. to sb. 分配给某人某物
assign sb. to sth. 指派某人做某一项工作
assign sb. as sth. 指派某人任某一职务
assign sb. to do sth. 指派某人做某事
(2)assignment n. [C，U](分派的)工作，任务；[U](工作等的)分派，布置
The teacher has assigned each of us a holiday task.＝The teacher has assigned a holiday task to each of us.老师给我们每个人都分配了假期的任务。
Which police officer has been assigned to this case？哪一位警官被指派负责该案件？
They've assigned the best man to do the job.他们指派了最优秀的人做这项工作。
She was sent abroad to carry out a difficult assignment.
她被派出国去执行一项艰巨的任务。
He is responsible for the assignment of jobs.他负责分派工作。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①Develop good habits, like writing down your ________ (assign) and handing in your homework on time.
②My teacher assigned me ________ (write) an essay about the reform and opening-up policy of China.
③The teacher assigned the three boys ________ the task and each did his share.
归纳拓展：
assign work派活；指派工作
assign a value分配一个值；赋值
8.stick v．卡住；困于(常用被动式)　v．将……刺入(或插入)　v．粘住(经常与to搭配使用)　n．枝条；棍状物
On holidays, you'll likely be stuck in a traffic jam.
节假日的时候，你很可能遭遇堵车。
He folded the papers and stuck them in his desk drawer.
他将文件叠起来，塞进自己的书桌抽屉里。
The nurse stuck a needle in my back.护士在我背上扎了一针。
Don't forget to clip the token and stick it on your card.
别忘了剪下标签，贴到你的卡上。
The old man walks with a stick in his hand.
那位老人走路时拄着一根拐棍。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①Jack opened the door and ________ (stick) his head out.
②Few people can stick ________ a diet for long.
③I went up to rescue a kit that ________ (stick) in the tree.
特别提示：
短语stick to意为“坚持；遵守”
He is always sticking to his word.他总是履行自己的诺言。
9.approach vt. & vi.(在距离或时间上)靠近，接近　vt.着手处理，对付(相当于deal with)　n．(距离或时间上的)靠近，接近；[C]方式，方法；路径，道路
the approach of... ……的临近
an approach to (doing) sth. (做)某事的方法/途径
As I approached the house, I noticed a light upstairs.
当我走近那所房子时，我注意到楼上有灯光。
As autumn approached, the colours of the plants in the garden changed.
秋天渐近，花园里植物的颜色发生了变化。
What's the best way of approaching this problem
处理这个问题的最佳方式是什么？
With the approach of the wind and rain, the swallows are busy.
在风雨来临之际，燕子们很忙碌。
We will be exploring different approaches to gathering information.
我们将探索收集信息的不同方法。
Soldiers were guarding all the approaches to the palace.
士兵们守卫着通往宫殿的所有道路。
[即学即练]　判断下列句子中approach的词性及含义/单句语法填空
①New college life is approaching. I'm glad to hear that there will be six clubs for me to join.____________
②The training of the employees was suggested as one approach to dealing with the problem of low efficiency.____________
③I'll approach the customers' complaints in a few minutes.____________
④Marion found a new approach ________ the boathouse by accident.
⑤They had a heated discussion on whether to adopt a different approach to ________ (process) information.
归纳拓展：
表示“方式，方法”的短语荟萃：
in a(n)...manner用……方法
in this way通过这种方式
by means of...借助……手段，依靠……方法
the method of/for (doing) sth.(做)某事的方法
with this method通过这种方法
the approach to (doing) sth.(做)某事的方式/方法
10.abandon vt.抛弃，遗弃；舍弃，离开；放弃，中止　vt.陷入，沉湎于(某种情感)
(1)abandon one's hope/plan/idea 放弃某人的希望/计划/想法
(2)abandon oneself to 沉湎于(某种情感)，陷入(to为介词，后跟名词或v.-ing)
(3)abandoned adj. 被遗弃的；废弃的；放纵的(可作前置定语或表语)
Our car broke down halfway. We had to abandon our car and walk the rest of the way.
我们的车半路抛锚了。我们只好弃车，走完剩下的路。
Abandoning himself to the sorrow of losing his cat, Steven just couldn't help crying.
斯蒂芬沉湎于丢失了他的猫的悲伤中，禁不住哭了起来。
Wang collected more than 7 million abandoned bricks of different ages.
王收集了700多万块不同年代的废弃的砖。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①We saw the ________ (abandon) farms which were built more than a hundred years ago.
②Playing computer games is harmful to your health. Don't abandon yourself ________ this kind of pleasure.
③Bad customs and laws ought to ________ (abandon), since they are inappropriate for the development of the society.
高考助记：
However, these plans were abandoned because of financial problems.然而，由于财政困难，这些计划不得不被放弃。
11.keep up 使某事物保持(在同一水平，通常指高水平)；使不低落　沿用(或沿袭、保持)某事物　(天气)持续不变　(与……)齐步前进，并驾齐驱，跟上(＋with sb./sth.)
They sang songs to keep their spirits up.他们唱歌以保持高昂的情绪。
Remember to keep up a good state of mind even if you have failed many times.
即使你已经失败多次，也要记住保持良好的心态。
We ought to keep up the traditional virtues of the Chinese nation.
我们应保持中华民族的传统美德。
I hope the fine weather can keep up.我希望好天气能持续下去。
Slow down, and I can't keep up (with you)！慢点儿，我跟不上(你)了！
I can't keep up with the changes in computer technology.
我跟不上计算机技术的种种变化。
[即学即练]　用keep的相关短语完成句子
①We sang as we were hiking, to ________ our spirits ________.
②Another way of setting realistic goals is to analyze your short-term and long-term objectives, ________ your belief ________.
③The villagers in this remote mountain village often get together to ________ the cultural traditions and celebrate the festivals as their forefathers did.
④He walked too fast. I had to run to ________ him.
归纳拓展：
keep构成的其他短语：
keep away from避免接近，远离
keep on (doing sth.)继续(做某事)
keep...in mind将……记在心中
keep in touch with sb.与某人保持联系
keep sb. from (doing) sth.阻止某人(做)某事
keep back抑制(或阻止)感情等的流露；隐瞒
12.hold on (在困境或危险中)坚持住，挺住　(电话用语)别挂断，等一下　等；等一下；等等　抓紧，不放开，其后可接to sth., hold on to sth.可用hold onto sth.替换。
In the earthquake the survivor managed to hold on until help arrived.
在地震中，幸存者设法坚持到救援到来。
Can you hold on I'll see if he is here.
你能等一下吗？我去看看他在不在这儿。
Hold on! This isn't the right road.等一下！这条路不对。
Children should hold on to their parents' hands when crossing the road.
儿童应该在过马路时抓紧父母的手。
[即学即练]　判断下列句子中hold on的含义
①If he can just hold on a little longer, we can help him.____________
②Hold on! I can't hear what you are saying.____________
③It's pretty windy. You'd better hold on to your hat.____________
归纳拓展：
与hold相关的其他短语：
hold back阻挡；妨碍进展；隐瞒；抑制，控制(感情等)
hold up支持住；举起；阻碍
hold out伸出手
catch/get hold of抓住，握着
重点句型
1．(教材P38)Well, it so happened that one morning I bought a newspaper and read the advertisement about the Antarctic expedition.哦，有一天早上我碰巧买了一份报纸，看到了南极探险的广告。
此句中it作形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的从句。it (so) happened that...意为“碰巧……”。
“It＋特殊动词(词组)＋从句”句型
(1)该句型中It为形式主语，真正的主语为后面的从句。
(2)常用于该句型的特殊动词(词组)：及物动词hit，strike；不及物动词happen，occur；动词词组make no difference，remain to be seen，turn out等。
At first I couldn't remember where I'd seen him before, and then it suddenly hit me that I met him at a party.起初我想不起以前在哪里见过他，后来我猛然记起来我在一次聚会上见过他。
It happened that I was not at home then.
碰巧我当时不在家。
It turned out that the strongest team lost the game.
结果最强的队输了那场比赛。
It occurred to me that I had given the book back to you.
我突然想起来，我已经把书还给你了。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①________ remains to be seen whether the newly formed committee's policy can be put into practice.
②It suddenly hit me ________ I had grown up and I had to look after myself and live independently.
③I hope nothing has happened ________ them.
2．(教材P39)Without Frank and Ernest, we'd all be dead by now.要不是弗兰克和欧内斯特，我们现在全都死了。
本句的结构分析如下：
Without_Frank_and_Ernest，　we'd_all_be_dead_by_now.
　介词短语，表示条件　　　表示与现在事实相反的假设
含蓄条件句
虚拟条件句的条件有时不通过条件从句来表示，而是通过介词短语、上下文或其他方式表现出来，这种虚拟条件句叫作含蓄条件句。含蓄条件句的具体用法如下：
Without water, there would be no life on the earth.
如果没有水，地球上就不会有生命。
But for your help, we couldn't have succeeded.
要不是你帮忙，我们不可能成功。
I got up very early yesterday morning, or I could not have caught the early bus.
昨天早上我起床很早，否则就赶不上早班车了。
I was too busy at that time. Otherwise, I would have called you.我当时太忙了，否则我就给你打电话了。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子
①Without his support, we wouldn't ________ (be) where we are now.
②—Do you have Betty's phone number
—Yes. Otherwise, I wouldn't ________ (be) able to reach her yesterday.
③飞机晚点一个多小时才起飞，否则我就不会让你等这么久了。
There was a delay of over an hour before the plane took off; otherwise I ________ (keep) you waiting for such a long time.
随堂自测
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．When I saw a little girl crying there, my heart ________ (下沉)．
2．As far as I'm concerned, the new roommate is honest and ________ (真诚的)．
3．When you get off the bus, do not forget to take your ________ (财物)．
4．It is natural that some young people are eager to join the ________ (探险)．
5. The guide was so ________ (热情的) that she offered me some practical advice.
6．Some colleagues ________ (妒忌) the lucky young man, but he didn't care about it.
7．It was a very long ________ (航行) and some of the sailors got very exhausted.
8．Outside, a ________ (严寒的) north wind was accompanied by flurries of snow.
9．George has started a health center and he's looking for ________ (合格的) staff.
10．He was ________ (痛苦的) all the time and rows would start over pretty things.
11．My little grandson is no trouble at all, but his 6-year-old elder sister is rude and ________ (自私的)．
12．The mud disappeared under a ________ (毯子) of snow.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．His ________ (persevere) in the face of adversity surprised us all.
2．The reforms owe a great deal to the ________ (resolve) of one man.
3．I'm not sure whether he will solve the problem ________ (decent)．
4．You'd better not touch the books ________ (belong) to that girl.
5．________ (abandon) by his owner, the little dog led a poor life.
6．It is said that the large ship sank ________ the deep ocean.
7．The girl standing under that tree is the one ________ (envy) by most students.
8．You can get your brother to help you with so many ________ (assign)．
9．The job market has changed and our approaches to ________ (find) work must change as well.
10．Supposing I turn ________ your offer, would you feel disappointed
11．She likes to keep up ________ the latest fashions.
12．People tend to set ________ fireworks during the festival, which may cause serious pollution.
13．It's hard work, but if you hold ________， you are sure to succeed in the end.
14．She ________ (enthusiastic) threw herself into her work.
15．After knocking politely at the door, the ________ (apply) entered the office of the general manager.
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．手机是像电脑一样有用的工具。(as...as...)
The mobile phone is ____________________ as the computer.
2．碰巧昨天停电了。(happen)
____________________ there was a power failure yesterday.
3．让他的父母生气的是，他总是熬夜看小说。
____________________， he always stays up reading a novel.
4．这对夫妇准备下个月搬往纽约。
The couple ______________________ to New York next month.
5．我无法按时到达，因为车子半路被堵住了。(stick)
I couldn't arrive on time because my car ________________________ halfway.
Ⅳ.课文语法填空
Although not 1.________ (allow) to join the expedition to the South Pole, Perce Blackborow managed 2.________ (go) aboard the Endurance and worked as a steward there. Their voyage didn't go smoothly and the ship was stuck in the ice. Before the ship was crushed and 3.________ (sink) into the sea, Shackleton gave the order to abandon ship with only essential 4.________ (supply). The crew had to camp on ice, but with spring coming, 5.________ was dangerous to stay there.
They then sailed to Elephant Island. Things went from bad to worse. Soon after their arrival, Shackleton set off for South Georgia Island to seek for help. They were cold and hungry. To keep 6.________ his spirits, Perce tried to think of happier things. However, these happy memories 7.________ (interrupt) by a sudden cold rush of air.
Perce lost his patience 8.________ (gradual) but soon realized his mistake thanks to Frank's concern. He thought he should be 9.________ (grate) to Frank and Shackleton. Without their concern and perseverance, he would have died. It was their resolve 10.________ filled him with hope. Maybe they could return home!
【参考答案】
自学导引
Ⅰ. 1．adversity　2.wage　3.bitter　4.expedition　5.aboard　6.cupboard　7.envy　8.sink　9.abandon　10.stove　11.blanket　12.miserable　13.voyage　14.navy　15.decent　16.selfish　17.genuine　18.crew
Ⅱ. 1．endurance　endure　2.qualified　qualify　3.enthusiastic　enthusiasm　4.assign　assignment　5.belongings　belong　6.perseverance　persevere　7.resolve　resolution
Ⅲ. 1．精力；力量；活力　2.(轮船、飞机或火车上的)乘务员；服务员　3.毁坏；压坏；压碎　拥挤的人群　4.班卓琴
Ⅳ. 1．turn sb. down　2.set off　3.become stuck in　4.throw away　5.to one's surprise　6.keep...up　7.after all
Ⅴ. 1．it so happened that　2.Without Frank and Ernest
语篇理解
1．C　2.D　3.B　4.C
互动探究
重点词汇
1．①application　②to　③to　④to　⑤for　⑥learning　⑦applicants
2．①down　②up　③out　④down
3．①qualified　②for　③to do/for
4．①about　②enthusiasm
5．①abroad　②board　③aboard　④broad　⑤aboard　abroad
6．①aside　②about　③off/out　④down　⑤for　⑥to paint
7．①assignment(s)　②to write　③to
8．①stuck　②to　③was stuck
9．①vi.接近，靠近　②n.方法　③vt.着手处理　④to　⑤processing
10．①abandoned　②to　③be abandoned
11．①keep　up　②keeping　in mind　③keep up　④keep up with
12．①坚持住，挺住　②等等　③抓紧
重点句型
1．①It　②that　③to
2．①be　②have been　③would/might/could/should not have kept
随堂自测
Ⅰ. 1．sank　2.genuine　3.belongings　4.expedition　5.enthusiastic　6.envied　7.voyage　8.bitter　9.qualified　10.miserable　11.selfish　12.blanket
Ⅱ. 1．perseverance　2.resolution　3.decently　4.belonging　5.Abandoned　6.into/to　7.envied　8.assignments　9.finding　10.down　11.with　12.off　13.on　14.enthusiastically　15.applicant
Ⅲ. 1．as useful a tool　2.It happened that　3.To his parents' anger　4.are ready to move　5.was stuck
Ⅳ. 1．allowed　2.to go　3.sank　4.supplies　5.it　6.up　7.were interrupted　8.gradually　9.grateful　10.thatUnit 4　Adversity and Courage
Using Language and Other Parts
课文理解
阅读教材P44－45中的材料，选出最佳选项
1．How did they get water on the island
A．From ice.　　　　 B．From the boat.
C．From trees. D．From oil.
2．Why was it difficult to vary the meals
A．They only had vegetables.
B．They were not skilled at it.
C．They only had sea creatures.
D．They can't make fire.
3．What helped them persevere in staying alive
A．Their faith in Shackleton.
B．Their relief in life.
C．Their commitment to each other.
D．Their illnesses.
知识精析
　resolution n．决议；解决；坚定
[教材原句P41] For the whole morning，the board of the directors have been discussing the resolution to increase wages in the coming year.
整个上午，董事会一直在讨论来年增加工资的决议。
[例1]　The deputies discussed and passed the resolution.
代表们讨论并且通过了大会的决议。
[例2]　He made a resolution to study hard.
他下决心好好学习。
[造句] 　这些改革主要归功于一个人的坚定决心。
___________________________________________________________________________
[知识拓展]
(1)make a resolution 做出决定
(2)resolve vi.&vt. 决定；决心；解决(问题或困难)　 n. 决心；坚定的信念
resolve on (doing) sth. 决定(做)某事
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①Make ____resolution to go to the gym once a week.
②We resolved on ____________(make) an early start.
③The government resolved ____ a bold policy.
　advertising n．广告活动；广告业
[教材原句P41] The company launched an advertising campaign to promote its corporate image.
这家公司发起了一场广告宣传活动来宣传公司形象。
[例1]　Advertising is an important way of promotion in commercial business.
广告是商品交易中一种重要的促销手段。
[例2]　The Chinese government has launched a global advertising campaign in an effort to lift the reputation of Chinese-made goods.
近日，中国政府推出一系列全球广告活动，试图提升“中国制造”的国际形象。
[造句] 　他们不妨停止在电视上做广告，这样做可能是明智之举。
___________________________________________________________________________
[知识拓展]
(1)advertise vt.&vi. 　 公布；宣传；做广告
advertise for... 登广告求……
advertise for sb.to do sth. 登广告招聘某人做某事
(2)advertisement n. 广告
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①Put an __________________________(advertise) in the local paper to sell your car.
②I shall advertise for someone __________(go) with me.
[小片段填空]
He ____________________ for a secretary to help him solve daily affairs. The __________________________ was put on a famous newspaper.(advertise)
　fall into 养成；染上；陷入
[教材原句P44] Life fell into a regular pattern.
生活陷入了一种规律。
[例1]　It's a trap too many people fall into.
太多人都掉进了这个陷阱里。
[例2]　The boy fell into water and had to be pulled out at once.
这个男孩掉入了水中，必须马上拉上来。
[造句] 　债台高筑让他陷入愁城。
___________________________________________________________________________
[知识拓展]
fall into the habit of... 染上……的习惯
fall out (牙齿或头发)脱落；争吵；闹翻
fall behind 落后
fall down 倒塌
fall over 被……绊倒
fall on/upon 突然降临
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①My dad's hair fell ______ when he was only 40.
②The house looks as if it is about to fall ________．
③I rushed to the door and fell ________ the cat.
　commitment n．承诺；保证；奉献
[教材原句P45] And he paid us back by his commitment to save us from a slow but painful death.
他还承诺要救我们脱离缓慢而痛苦的死亡。
[例1]　The company's commitment to providing quality at a reasonable price has been vital to its success.
这家公司保证供货质优价廉的承诺对它的成功起了决定性作用。
[例2]　We made a commitment to keep working together.
我们作了承诺要继续在一起工作。
[造句] 　我已经对完成这项工作表示过我个人的承诺。
___________________________________________________________________________
[知识拓展]
commit vt.　　 投入，犯(罪)；做(错事等)；把……委托于，交付
commit sb./oneself to(doing)sth. 承诺某人/自己(做)某事
commit sb./oneself to do sth. 承诺某人/自己做某事
commit to... 忠于……，全身心地投入……
commit a crime 犯罪
commit suicide 自杀
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①If you commit ____ crime，you can never escape being punished.
②He committed ______________(him) to the study of plants.
③He committed himself to __________________(reform) health care.
[名师点津]
commit oneself to(doing)sth.表示“专心致志于……”，to是介词，后接名词、代词或动名词。
【参考答案】
课文理解　1—3　ACA
知识精析
[造句]The reforms owe a great deal to the resolution of one man. [即学即练]①a ②making ③on
[造句]They might be wise to stop advertising on television. [即学即练]①advertisement ②to go [小片段填空]advertised; advertisement
[造句]Heavy debts made him fall into a sea of worries. [即学即练]①out ②down ③over
[造句]I have expressed my personal commitment to finish the job. [即学即练]①a ②himself ③reformingUnit 4　Adversity and Courage
Writing
——如何写文学评论
文学评论是一种以作家、作品、文学创作等作为评论对象的理论文体。文学评论的作者旨在表达自己对文学作品的理解和认识，对文学作品作出评析，启发和帮助读者提高阅读水平。写文学评论可分以下几步：
1．介绍所要评论的文学作品(标题、作者和作品类型)；
2．简述作品情节(通常用一般现在时)；
3．讨论作品的主题和意义；
4．介绍读者对作品的评析。
[常用表达]
1．...is written by...
2．The work is known for...
3．The novel is set in...
4．It is a romantic/loving/...story.
5．I am greatly impressed by...
6．I have to say this book touches my heart deeply.
7．Those who have read the book think highly of it.
8．After it was published, it became famous all over the world.
[精品展示]
根据下列提示，写一篇关于马克·吐温的作品《哈克贝利·费恩历险记》的评论。词数100左右。
1．马克·吐温(Mark Twain)，美国作家，成长于密西西比河畔。代表作之一是《哈克贝利·费恩历险记》。
2．这部小说讲述了哈克贝利·费恩从家中逃走，和黑奴吉姆在密西西比河流浪的故事。
3．哈克贝利·费恩遇见的人物来自社会各个阶层，因此这部小说生动地反映了当时的社会情况。
4．《哈克贝利·费恩历险记》是美国文学史上一部伟大的作品。
参考词汇：密西西比河the Mississippi River
《哈克贝利·费恩历险记》The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
[审题谋篇]
第一步：明确要求
题目要求写一篇文学评论，谈对《哈克贝利·费恩历险记》的看法。该文以第三人称为主，时态以一般现在时为主。
第二步：确定段落
第一段：简介马克·吐温
第二段：概括介绍其代表作《哈克贝利·费恩历险记》
第三段：评价该作品
第三步：提炼要点
1．________________ 因……而出名
2．________________ 从……逃出，逃离
3．________________ 后来，稍后
4．________________ 各行各业的，各阶层的
5．________________ 一般而言
第四步：句式升级
由于哈克贝利·费恩遇到的人涵盖了社会各界，所以这部小说生动地再现了当时的社会。
一般表达：The people Huckleberry Finn meets cover all walks of the society, and the novel vividly reflects the society at the time.
高级表达：_________________________________________________________________
[连句成篇]
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
【参考答案】
[审题谋篇]
第三步：提炼要点
1．be famous for
2．run away from
3．later on
4．all walks of
5．generally speaking
第四步：句式升级
With the people Huckleberry Finn meets covering all walks of the society, the novel vividly reflects the society at that time.
[连句成篇]
参考范文：
Mark Twain, an American writer, is famous for his stories. He grew up on the banks of the Mississippi River.
The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, one of his brilliant masterpieces, tells the story of Huckleberry Finn and Jim wandering along the Mississippi River. Huckleberry Finn runs away from home and later he meets a slave, Jim. Then their magnificent adventures start. If they didn't meet, there wouldn't be such extraordinary things later on. With the people Huckleberry Finn meets covering all walks of the society, the novel vividly reflects the society at that time.
Generally speaking, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is a great novel in the history of American literature.

展开更多......

收起↑