资源简介

Unit 1 词汇表
fiction / f k n/ n.小说；虚构的事
science fiction [informal sci-fi] [abbr. SF] 科幻小说(或影片等)
test out检验；测试
bonus / b n s/ n.意外收获；奖金；红利
more like更像是；更接近
ridiculous /r d kj l s/ adj.愚蠢的；荒谬的；荒唐的
integrity / n teɡr ti/ n.诚实正直；完整；完好
dignity / d ɡn ti/ n.庄重；庄严；尊严
salary / s l ri/ n.薪水；薪金
absurd / b s d/ adj.荒谬的；荒唐的
appointment / p ntm nt/ n.预约；约会；委任
nail /ne l/ n.指甲；趾甲；钉子 vt.(用钉子)钉牢；固定
saleswoman / se lzw m n/ n.女售货员；女推销员
guilty / ɡ lti/ adj.内疚的；有罪的；有过失的
suspend /s spend/ vt.悬；挂；暂停；暂缓
ladder / l d (r)/ n.梯子；阶梯
dismiss /d s m s/ vt.让(某人)离开；解散；解雇；消除
declare /d kle (r)/ vt.表明；宣称；公布
whereas / we r z/ conj.然而；但是；尽管
rumour / ru m (r)/ n.谣言；传闻
presume / pr zju m；NAmE -'zu:m/ vt. & vi.假设；假定
fare /fe (r)/ n.车费；船费；飞机票价
weekly / wi kli/ adj.每周的 n.周刊
on a ... basis根据；以……的方式(基准)
calculate / k lkjule t/ vt.计算；核算；预测
chairwoman / t e w m n/ n.女主席；女董事长；女委员长
gramme [ NAmE ɡram] /ɡr m/ n.克(重量单位)
flour / fla (r)/ n.面粉；(谷物磨成的)粉
venue / venju / n.活动场地(如音乐厅、会场等)
salesman / se lzm n/ n.售货员；推销员
alien / e li n/ n.外星人(生物)；外国人 adj. 陌生的；外星的；外国的
pros and cons事物的利与弊；支持与反对
blurred /bl d/ adj.模糊不清的；难以区分的
superior /su p ri (r); sju -/ adj.更好的；占优势的；(在级别或重要性上)更高的
superior to 比……更好；更胜一筹
take over 占上风；取而代之；接管；接手
inaction / n k n/ n.无行动；不采取措施
conflict with与……冲突或抵触
labour / le b (r)/ n.劳动(者)；体力劳动 vi.奋斗；努力工作
leather / le (r)/ n.皮革；[pl.]皮衣；皮外套
lever / li v (r)；NAmE lev r / n.操纵杆；杠杆
panel / p nl/ n.控制板；仪表盘；专家咨询组
inch / nt / n.英寸(长度单位，等于2.54厘米)
backwards / b kw dz/ [NAmE backward] adv.向后；倒着；往回
grip /ɡr p/ vt. & vi.紧握；抓紧
hazy / he zi/ adj.模糊的；朦胧的；困惑的
niece /ni s/ n.侄女；外甥女
fetch /fet / vt.(去)拿来；(去)请来
handkerchief / h k t f / n.手帕；纸巾
lamp /l mp/ n.灯；台灯
turn out关掉；熄灭；在场；使朝外；结果是
pace / peps/ n.速度；步伐；节奏 vt. & vi.确定速度；调整节奏
fall away (逐渐)减少；消失
division /d v n/ n.分开；分隔；差异；除(法)
puff /p f/ n. (烟、气等的) 一缕；少量；喘息
urge / d / n.强烈的欲望；冲动 vt.催促；力劝；大力推荐
have an urge to有强烈的欲望做某事
random / r nd m/ adj.随机的；不可思议的
maximum / m ks m m/ adj.最大极限的 n.最大量；最大限度
explode / k spl d/ vi. & vt.爆炸；爆破
jolt /d lt/ n .震动；摇晃；颠簸 vt. & vi.(使)震动;摇晃
flip /fl p/ vt. & vi.(使)快速翻转；(用手指)轻抛
stun /st n/ vt.使震惊，使昏迷
mud /m d/ n.泥；泥浆
overstatement / v ste tm nt/ n.夸大；夸张Using Language
课文助读
阅读P8－9教材课文，选择最佳答案
1．When did the first Time Machine begin its career
A．At 10：00.　　 B．At 10：15.
C．At 3：30. D．At 5：30.
2．What happened when the writer pushed the lever forwards
A．He had to draw a deep breath.
B．The lab began to become hazy.
C．His niece suddenly appeared.
D．Night disappeared forever.
3．How did the writer feel about time travelling
A．Excited. B．Unpleasant.
C．Disappointed. D．Interested.
4．Why was the writer thrown through the air
A．Because he had a strong urge to look at the random things.
B．Because he forgot the risk of stopping the Time Machine.
C．Because he would like to travel at maximum speed.
D．Because he pulled the lever backwards too hard.
要点直击
Words and Phrases
　superior adj. 更好的；占优势的；(在级别或重要性上)更高的
[教材原句P6] In sci fi stories，robots often become superior and take over.
在科幻小说中，机器人通常会变得更高级，并接管一切。
[例1]　 You're a very superior young woman.
你是一个非常优秀的年轻女性。
[例2]　Team 1 was superior in number to Team 2.
第一组在数量上超过了第二组。
[造句]　这些新产品远远优于老产品。
________________________________________
[知识拓展]
superior to　　　 比……更好；更胜一筹
be superior in 在……方面优越
be superior to 胜过；比……好；不为……所动/屈服
rise superior to 超越……；不为……所影响
[即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子
①The microwave is vastly superior ____ design to all other models.
②She felt socially superior _____ most of her neighbours.
③A man with a strong will may __________________ temptation.
意志坚强的人可以不为诱惑所动。
　conflict with与……冲突或抵触
[教材原句P7] A ROBOT MUST OBEY THE ORDERS GIVEN IT BY HUMAN BEINGS EXCEPT WHERE SUCH ORDERS WOULD CONFLICT WITH THE FIRST LAW.
机器人必须服从人类给它的命令，除非这种命令与第一定律相冲突。
[例1]　 He held firm opinions which usually conflicted with mine.
他对自己的观点坚定不移，而这些观点通常和我的相冲突。
[例2]　The two reports of what had happened conflicted with each other.
关于发生的事情，两个报道截然不同。
[造句]　这次陈述与他们上个月的陈述相矛盾。
___________________________________________________
[知识拓展]
in conflict with 　　　　 与……冲突/与……矛盾
come into conflict with 与……冲突/与……矛盾
[即学即练]——一句多译
He is so cautious that he tries not to ___________ his wife.＝He is so cautious that he tries not to ___________________ his wife.＝ He is so cautious that he tries not to ___________________ his wife.
他很谨慎，尽量避免与妻子发生冲突。
　turn out关掉；熄灭；在场；使朝外；结果是
[教材原句P8] Night came as if a lamp was being turned out，and in another moment came the day.
黑夜来临了，仿佛一盏灯正在熄灭，又过了一会儿，白天来临了。
[例1]　 The captain turned out the “no smoking” signs.
队长把“禁止吸烟”的标志牌都翻了过来。
[例2]　 He said he was a doctor，but later he turned out to be a cheat.
他自称是个医生，结果证明他是个骗子。
[造句]　你离开教室时别忘了关灯。
_________________________________________________
[知识拓展]
turn to 　　　　 转向；求助于
turn in 　 上交
turn off 　 关掉
turn on 　 打开
turn down 　 关小；调低；拒绝
turn up 出现；到场；出席；出来；来到；
调大(声音、火等)
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
When Jack turns up，please turn ____ the radio，for he is a little deaf.
②Please turn _____ me for help when you are in trouble.
③She has turned ________ an invitation to visit that country.
　fall away(逐渐)减少；消失
[教材原句P8] As my pace grew faster，the walls of the laboratory fell away，and I was left in the open air.
当我的速度加快时，实验室的墙壁消失了，我已经进入了旷野。
[例1]　 I saw that the ground fell away and down to a river，far below me.
我看到地面陷落到河里面去了，在我脚下很深的地方。
[例2]　 You'd scarcely believe anybody could fall away so rapidly.
你简直难以相信一个人会消瘦得这么快。
[造句]　他的老朋友全都离开了他。
________________________________
[知识拓展]
fall apart　　　　 结束；分裂；解体；崩溃
fall back 后退；倒退
fall behind 落后(于对手)
fall down 表现不足(或有误)；失败
[即学即练]——完成句子
Angie ___________ because she had lost everything.
安吉崩溃了，因为她失去了一切。
He ___________ when we were climbing the mountain.
我们爬山时，他掉队了。
③The deal ___________ partly because there were a lot of unanswered questions.
交易失败，部分原因是有太多没有解答的问题。
　urge n．强烈的欲望；冲动 vt.催促；力劝；大力推荐
[教材原句P8] I had a strong urge to look at the random things that were being flashed before my eyes!
我有一种强烈的冲动去看那些在我眼前闪现的随机的东西。
[例1]　 She urged me into going to see him immediately.
她劝我立即去看他。
[例2]　 We all urged him to go ahead with his plan.
我们都鼓励他实施他的计划。
[造句]　你的进步会促进我们努力学习。
__________________________________
[知识拓展]
(1)urge sth./sb. on 催促某物/某人前进
urge sb. to do sth. 催促某人做某事
urge sb. into doing sth. 催促/力劝某人做某事
urge that...(should) ＋动词原形 催促；极力主张……
It is urged that... 坚决要求……；极力主张……
(2)have an urge to do sth. 有做某事的欲望/冲动
(3)urgent adj. 紧急的；紧迫的
[即学即练]——单句语法填空/一句多译
The vacation is coming and I have an urge ________(travel)．
She could hear him urging her ____ as she ran past.
He ______________________ her decision.＝ He ______________________ her
decision.
他劝她重新考虑自己的决定。
I urged that ______________________ to prevent such a thing happening again.＝ I urged ______________________ to prevent such a thing happening again.
我极力主张他应该立刻采取措施阻止这样的事情再次发生。
Sentence Pattern
[教材原句P8] It was at ten o'clock today that the first of all Time Machines began its career.
今天十点钟，第一个时间机器开始了它的使命。
[句式分析]
句中It was at ten o'clock today that为强调句型：it's＋被强调部分＋that ＋其他成分。
[例1]　It was John who/that bought an old bike yesterday in a marketplace.
是约翰昨天在市场上买了辆旧自行车。
[例2]　It was not until I got off the bus that I realized it.
直到下车之后我才意识到这事。
[造句]　我把雨伞落在了教室里。
_______________________________________
[知识拓展]
强调句型的基本结构为：it is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他成分
(1)此结构中it 没有词汇意义，只是引出被强调部分。
(2)此强调句型只能强调主语、宾语、状语，不能强调谓语。
(3)被强调的成分是表示人的词时用who/that，而被强调是其他时(事物、时间、地点等)只能用that。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
Why is ____ that you put off the meeting
It was me _______ he helped yesterday.
It was Susan and John who _______ (be) absent from school yesterday.
【参考答案】
课文助读
[答案]　1－4　ABBD
要点直击
Words and Phrases
[造句]
The new products are far superior to the old ones.
[即学即练]
①in ②to ③rise superior to
[造句]
This statement conflicted with the one they made last month.
[即学即练]
conflict with; come into conflict with; be in conflict with
[造句]
Don't forget to turn out the light when you leave the classroom.
[即学即练]
①up ②to ③down
[造句]
All his old friends fell away from him.
[即学即练]
①fell apart ②fell behind ③fell down
[造句]
Your progress will urge us to work hard.
[即学即练]
①to travel ②on ③urged her to reconsider; urged her into reconsidering ④he (should) take immediate action; him to take immediate action
Sentence Pattern
[造句]
It was in the classroom that I left my umbrella.
[即学即练]
it ②that/who ③were被动语态(Passive Voice)
情景探究
观察上面对话, 并完成句子
(1) I __________(tell) not to take anybody’s belongings without permissions when I was little.
(2) By the end of last year, another new gymnasium __________________(complete) in Beijing.
(3) The news _________________(send) the soldier’s mother as soon as it arrived.
要义详析
一、被动语态常用于以下两种情况:
1. 不知道谁是动作的执行者, 或者没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者。
*Rice is grown in the south of China.
中国南方种植水稻。
2. 强调动作的承受者。
*The tree was broken by that boy.
这棵树是那个男孩弄断的。
二、将主动语态变为被动语态应注意的几种情况
1. 含双宾语的主动结构变为被动结构时, 有两种方法:
(1)间接宾语变为主语, 直接宾语不变;
(2)直接宾语变为主语, 间接宾语用介词to或for引导。
*He told us a story.
他给我们讲故事。
→We were told a story by him.
我们听(他讲)故事。
→A story was told to us by him.
故事由他给我们讲。
2. 动词短语视为一个整体, 其后的介词或副词不能省去。
*She will take good care of the children.
她将会好好照顾孩子们。
→The children will be taken good care of by her.
孩子们将由她来好好照顾。
3. 复合句通常将宾语变为被动句的主语, 而宾语补足语就成为主语补足语。注意: 省略to的不定式作宾语补足语时, 不定式符号to必须补上。例如:
*Someone saw him swim in the lake yesterday.
→He was seen to swim in the lake yesterday.
4. 特殊疑问句转换成被动句时要注意词序: 一般用“By+疑问词”开头。
*Who has broken the cup
谁打碎了杯子
→By whom has the cup been broken
杯子被谁打碎了
【即学活用】
My English name is Walter. It _______________________ when I was at the university.
我的英文名是Walter, 它是我上大学时我的英语教授取的。
(2) Her money ______________________ and her patience is also running out.
她的钱已经用完了, 她的耐心也要耗尽了。
(3) ________________________ by the moving movie.
我被这部感人的电影弄哭了。
三、被动语态和过去分词作表语
1. 意义差别: 被动语态强调动作; 过去分词作表语描写人或事物的特征及状态。如:
*The window is broken.
窗子破了。
*The window is broken by him.
窗子被他打破了。
2. 用法差别: 过去分词作表语时接近形容词的特征, 可以被 so, very, too等程度副词修饰, 而被动语态则不能用so, very, too修饰, 而需用much, very much, so much, too much修饰。如:
*He was very interested in science.
他对科学有极大的兴趣。(系表结构)
*I was so much surprised at the scene that I didn’t know what to do.
我被那种场面搞得大吃一惊, 不知所措。(被动语态)
【即学活用】语法填空
(1) I was pleased _______ (hear)you’ve been promoted.
(2) He was pleased ____ his teacher’s praise.
(3) I was quite surprised _____ the significance of the findings.
(4) Everyone was surprised _____ the speed with which the dispute was settled.
四、常见主动表被动的情况
1. 有些动词(cut, sell, read, write, fill, cook, lock, wash, drive, keep等)常用主动形式表被动。如:
*This pen writes smoothly.
这支钢笔写起来很流畅。
*This car sells well.
这车很畅销。
2. 在某些形容词(hard, difficult, easy, heavy, fit, good, comfortable, convenient, impossible, convenient, cheap, expensive等)后的不定式用主动形式表被动。如:
*English is easy to learn.
英语很容易学。
*The box is heavy to carry.
这箱子重得搬不动。
3. “半系动词+形容词”结构, look, smell, taste, sound, feel, prove, turn out等。如:
*The food in this restaurant tastes good.
这家餐馆的饭菜味道很好。
*The news turned out (to be) true.
这消息原来是真的。
4. need, want, require, deserve, be worth后面接动词的-ing形式, 主动表被动。
*The novel is worth reading. 这本小说值得一读。
*The old house requires repairing. 这所旧房子需要修理。
【即学活用】语法填空
(1) This kind of knife _____ (cut)well.
(2) Your writing is really difficult ______(read).
(3) That ____ (sound) great. Deal me in!
(4) All the old carpets need _________________ (replace).
五、有些及物动词或短语不用于被动语态。如: fit, have, marry, wish, cost, notice, watch, agree with, arrive at / in, shake hands with, succeed in, suffer from, happen to, take part in, walk into, belong to等。
【即学活用】完成句子
A person who is truly honest ________ a straight arrow.
直言不讳的人才是真正诚实的人。
You ___________ a lot of strange questions by them.
他们将问你许多怪题。
By last December three ships _____________ by them.
到去年年底他们已建造了三艘船。
I have some clothes __________.
我有一些衣服要洗。
Your idea _________________ wrong.
你的想法证实是错的。
The book _____ quickly.
书销售得快。
Will more gas ____________
需要更多的煤气吗
The music isn’t pleasant _________.
这音乐不好听。
【参考答案】
情景探究
was told (2) had been completed (3) would be sent to
要义详析
二、【即学活用】
(1) was given by my English professor (2) has been run out of (3) I was made to cry
三、【即学活用】
(1) to hear (2) by (3) with (4) by
四、【即学活用】
(1) cuts (2) to read (3) sounds (4) replacing /to be replaced
五、【即学活用】
(1) is called (2) will be asked (3) had been built (4) to wash (5) proved to be (6) sells (7) be needed (8) to listen to科幻故事写作技巧
文体感知
　　本单元的写作属于新课标中的说明文或记叙文中的“想象性”作文。这类题目要求学生创造出从未接触甚至根本不存在的新形象。想象性写作允许自由想象、自主发挥的空间较大, 因此需要灵活的思维和丰富的想象力。科幻故事是用幻想的形式, 表现人类在未来世界的物质精神文化生活和科学技术远景, 其内容交织着科学事实和预见、想象。 科幻小说的特点是内容丰富、奇特, 并且情节合理。
典题演练
　　你校校报英语角举办科幻故事征文比赛,请你写一个关于飞碟的故事参加比赛。内容包括: 1. 时间, 地点; 2. 主要情节; 3. 你的感受。
注意: 1词数80左右; 2. 故事题目已经给出, 不计入总词数。
The Saucer
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________谋篇立意
遣词造句
完成句子
1. 晚上太热了, 我在帐篷里睡不着。
It was so hot at night __________________________ in the tent.
2. 我爬出帐篷, 四处走动以便冷静下来。
I crawled out of the tent and walked around ____________.
3. 突然, 一道亮光划过天空, 一个飞碟出现在我的帐篷附近。
Suddenly a bright light _________________________ and a flying saucer appeared near my tent.
4. 它看起来就像我白天读的书里的一样。
It looked just like the one in the book ___________ during the day.
5. 我赶紧躲在一块石头后面, 看见一个外星人从一扇圆门里走了下来。
I quickly hid ______________ and saw an alien come down through a round door.
6. 他走进我的帐篷, 手里拿着什么东西出来了。
He walked into my tent and came out _______________________.
7. 然后不明飞行物飞走了。我立刻跑进帐篷, 发现我的平板电脑不见了。
The UFO then flew away. I immediately ran into my tent and found that ____________________.
8. 我很困惑, 我不能相信我所看到的。
I was so puzzled that I couldn’t believe _______________.
句式升级
9. 用so把句1 和句2合并成复合句。
_______________________________________________________________________________
10. 用倒装句改写句3并用定语从句合并句3和句4。
Suddenly a bright light flashed across the sky and then _________________________________.
完美成篇
The Saucer
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【参考答案】
遣词造句
完成句子
1. that I couldn’t fall asleep 2. to cool down 3. flashed across the sky 4. I had read 5. behind a stone 6. with something in his hand 7. my Pad was gone 8. what I had seen 9. It was hot at night and I couldn’t fall asleep in the tent, so I crawled out of the tent and walked around to cool down. 10. near my tent appeared a flying saucer, which looked just like the one in the book I had read during the day
完美成篇
　　It was hot at night and I couldn’t fall asleep in the tent, so I crawled out of the tent and walked around to cool down. The sky was clear and stars were shining.
　　Suddenly a bright light flashed across the sky and then near my tent appeared a flying saucer, which looked just like the one in the book I had read during the day. I quickly hid behind a stone and saw an alien come down through a round door. He walked into my tent and came out with something in his hand. The UFO then flew away. I immediately ran into my tent and found that my Pad was gone.
　　I was so puzzled that I couldn’t believe what I had seen. But I decided that the next time the alien came, I would talk to him.

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