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Unit 5词汇表
bounce /ba ns/ vi.&vt.(使)弾起；上下晃动 n.弹性；弹跳；活力
bounce around蹦来蹦去；弹来弾去
aptitude/ pt tju d/ n.天资；天赋
head start起步前的优势
scenario/s nɑ ri / n.设想；方案；预测
lawyer / l j (r)/ n.律师
assemble / sembl/ vt.组装；装配 vi. & vt.收集；聚集；集合
drawer /dr (r)/ n.抽屉
a chest of drawers 抽屉柜
breast /brest/ n.乳房；胸部
hydrogen / ha dr d n/ n.氢；氢气
radium / re di m/ n.镭
wrist /r st/ n.手腕；腕关节
bridegroom / bra dɡru m/ n.新郎
geometry /d i m tri/ n.几何学；几何图形
debt /det/ n.债务；欠款
categorise / k t ɡ ra z/ vt.把……分类(加以归类)
profile / pr fa l/ n.简介；概述；侧面轮廓 vt.扼要介绍；概述；写简介
participant /pɑ t s p nt/ n.参与者；参加者
code /k d/ n.代码；密码 vt.编码；把……译成密码
orient / rient/ vt.使适应；使面对；确定方向
detective /d tekt v/ n.侦探；警探
graphic / ɡr f k/ n.图表；图形；图画 adj.绘画的；图案的
estate / ste t/ n.庄园；住宅区；工业区
(real) estate agent房地产经纪人
accountant / ka nt nt/ n.会计；会计师
spy /spa / n.密探；间谍 vi.从事间谍活动 vt.突然看见；发现
justice / d st s/ n.公平；公正；合理
accuse / kju z/ vt.控告；控诉；谴责
come to a conclusion 得出结论
greedy / ɡri di/ adj.贪婪的；贪心的
entrepreneur / ntr pr n (r)/ n.创业者；企业家
receptionist /r sep n st/ n. 接待员
resume/ rezjume ; 'rez me / n. ( BrE CV ) (求职用的)履历；简历
socialist / s l st/ adj.社会主义的 n.社会主乂者
communist / k mj n st/ adj.共产主义的 n.共产主义者
dedicate / ded ke t/ vt.把……奉献给
fox /f ks/ n.狐狸；狡猾的人
council / ka nsl/ n.委员会；市政服务机构
canal /k n l/ n.运河；灌溉渠
attend to关怀；照料；处理
supervise / su p va z/ vt. & vi.主管；指导；监督
handwriting / h ndra t / n.书法；书写；笔迹
disk /d sc/ n.磁盘；盘
parking / pɑ k / n.停车位；停车
camel / k ml/ n.骆驼
fry /fra / n.油煎的食物 vt.&vi.油炸；油炒；油煎
purse /p s/ n.钱包；皮夹子(尤指女用)
sew /s / vi.&vt. ( sewed, sewn/sewed )缝制；缝；做针线活
knit /n t/ vt.&vi. 编织；针织；(使)紧密结合 n编织的衣服；针织衫
wool /w l/ n.毛；毛线；毛料
intermediate / nt mi di t/ adj.中级的；中等的；中间的
priority /pra r ti/ n.优先事项；首要的事；优先
proficiency /pr f nsi/ n.熟练；娴熟；精通
cage /ke d / n.笼子 vt.关在笼子里
collar / k l (r)/ n. (动物)颈圈；衣领
flea collar灭蚤颈圈
finance / fa n ns; fa n ns/ n.资金；财政；金融 vt.提供资金
receipt /r si t/ n.收据；接收
certificate /s t f k t/ n.合格证书；证明
employer / m pl (r)/ n.雇主；老板
desert / dez t/ n.沙漠；荒漠
acquire / kwa (r)/ vt. 获得；购得
Marie Curie /m 'ri: kj ri/ 玛丽·居里 (居里夫人)Using Language
课文助读
阅读P56～57教材课文，选择最佳答案
1．What is the letter written for
A．A job.　　　　　　　 B．A college.
C．A CV. D．A team.
2．How is Kelly Xu’s English level
A．Poor. B．Good.
C．Terrible. D．Bad.
3．Why does Kelly Xu know how to lead and decide on priorities
A．Because she has rich experience.
B．Because she likes raising animals.
C．Because she always helps others.
D．Because she is good at table tennis.
4．When did Kelly Xu visit UK as an exchange student
A．In 2019. B．In 2018.
C．In 2017. D．In 2016.
要点直击
Words and Phrases
　attend to关怀；照料；处理
[教材原句P55] We are building a team of keen young people to help us attend to hundreds of students from all over the world.
我们正在组建一个由热心的年轻人组成的团队，帮助我们照顾来自世界各地的数百名学生。
[例1]　He offered to go and attend to the matter.
他主动提出来处理这件事。
[例2]　You must attend to your studies.
你必须注意你的学习。
[造句]　他日夜仔细照料伤员。
________________________________________________
[知识拓展]
attend on/upon sb. 伺候或照顾某人
attend school/church 去上学/做礼拜
attend a meeting/a lecture 参加会议/听演讲
[即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子
①If you don’t attend ____ work，you’ll not succeed.
②I have some urgent business to attend ____．
③A nurse ___________________ constantly.
有一位护士经常照料他的需要。
　fry n. 油煎的食物 vt.& vi. 油炸；油炒；油煎；晒伤
[教材原句P56]Camel rides，barbecue & fry，calligraphy，purse sewing，knitting with wool，etc.
骑骆驼、烧烤和油煎食品、书法、绣荷包、织毛衣等。
[例1]　 Would you like a fry in the morning
你早晨喜欢吃油炸食品吗？
[例2]　 We’ll fry if we stay too long in this hot sun.
我们如果在这样酷热的阳光下待久了，皮肤会晒伤的。
[造句]　油煎4分钟左右，直到洋葱变软。
__________________________________________
[知识拓展]
fry up 油煎；油炸；油炒
fried chicken 炸鸡
have other fish to fry 有别的事；另有企图
French fry 油炸马铃薯，薯条
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①He fried ____ some eggs and potatoes.
②Would you like a steak or _____(fry) chicken for dinner
③I’m not going with you，I have other fish _______(fry)．
[小片段填空]
The noodles are not _____ separately，but are thrown in at the last minute and tossed with the stir ___．(fry)
priority n．优先事项；首要的事；优先
[教材原句P56] I have been captain of my school table tennis team for two years，so I know how to lead and decide on priorities.
我曾担任学校乒乓球队队长两年，所以我知道如何领导和决定事情的轻重缓急。
[例1]　 Getting food，medicine and blankets to flood victims is the most urgent priority.
为洪水灾民提供食物、药物和毯子是当务之急。
[例2]　 Material possessions have always been a low priority for Mike.
对迈克来说，物质的追求一直都是次要的。
[造句]　把各项任务按重要程度依次列出来。
________________________________
[知识拓展]
a top priority 最优先考虑的事
according to priority 依次
give (first) priority to 给……以(最)优先权
take priority of 比……居先；得……优先权
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
The development of the national economy is ____ top priority.
The film stars went onto the stage according _____ priority of their appearance in the film.
The status of treaty does not take definitely priority _____ the national law.
　acquire vt. 获得；购得
[教材原句P58] Remember，the knowledge you acquire and the diligent attitude you develop in high school will be invaluable in the real world.
记住，你在高中学到的知识和养成的勤奋态度在现实世界中是无价的。
[例1]　 Only if you ask many different questions will you acquire all the information you need to know.
只有提很多不同的问题，你才能收集到你所需要的信息。
[例2]　 The company has recently acquired new offices in central London.
公司最近在伦敦市中心弄到了新的办公室。
[造句]　我们应当取得更多的第一手资料。
_______________________________________
[知识拓展]
acquire a good knowledge of 精通……知识
acquire the habit of 养成……的习惯
[即学即练]——完成句子
We want people _____________________ using public transport instead of their cars.
我们希望人们养成使用公共交通工具而不是私家车的习惯。
②He _____________________________ by careful study.
他通过认真学习精通了英语。
Sentence Pattern
　as soon as possible 尽快
[教材原句P56] I look forward to hearing from you as soon as possible．
我期待着尽快收到你的来信。
[句式分析]
[例1]　 It is wise to seek help and counsel as soon as possible.
尽快寻求帮助和建议乃明智之举。
[例2]　 We agreed to contact again as soon as possible.
我们同意尽快再次联系。
[造句]　请尽快做决定。
_________________________________________
[知识拓展]
(1) as soon as引导时间状语从句，当主句用一般过去时时，从句中用一般过去时或过去完成时。
(2) as soon as 可以表将来的事，这时主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时。(主将从现)
[即学即练]——完成句子
He left __________________________．
晚会刚一开始他就离开了。
He fainted _______________________．
他一听到那个消息就晕倒了。
I will tell him the news ______________________．
我一见到他就告诉他这个消息。
【参考答案】
课文助读
1－4　ABAC
要点直击
[造句]He carefully attended to the wounded soldiers day and night.
[即学即练]①to ②to ③attended to his needs
[造句] Fry for about 4 minutes until the onion has softened.
[即学即练]①up ②fried ③to fry
[小片段填空] fried；fry
[造句] List the tasks in order of priority.
[即学即练]①a ②to ③of
[造句] We should acquire more first hand information.
[即学即练] ①to acquire the habit of ②acquired a good knowledge of English
[造句] Please make your decision as soon as possible.
[即学即练] ①as soon as the party began ②as soon as he heard the news ③as soon as I see him申请信
文体指导
申请信有很多种，比如求职申请、加入某组织或活动的申请等，其目的在于让对方了解自己的经验、能力、成就以及愿望等。
[基本框架]
1．首段：说明写信目的(申请原因)，信息来源，自己的打算。
2．主体：着重介绍自己的背景(教育情况、工作经历、兴趣爱好、特长等)。
3．尾段：表达自己的愿望。
[常用词块]
1．apply for this job申请这份工作
2．speak English fluently说英语很流利
3．have a strong team spirit有很强的团队精神
4．become a member of your staff成为你的员工
5．be well qualified for the job完全胜任这项工作
6．be good at expressing myself in English善于用英语表达我自己
7．work well with others善于与他人合作
8．provide the best service提供最佳服务
9．consider my application考虑我的申请
10．ask for an opportunity to try申请一个尝试的机会
[常用语句]
★夺人眼球开头句
1．I have learned on your website that...Now I’m writing to apply for the position of...
我从你们的网站上得知……现在我写信申请……的职位。
2．I am writing to you in the hope that I may obtain an opportunity to...
我写信给你是希望我可以获得一个……机会。
3．I am writing this letter to recommend myself as a qualified candidate for...
我认为我是……的合格人选，所以我写信推荐自己。
4．I am interested in...and wish to enter this significant program.
我对……感兴趣，希望加入这个重要项目中。
★亮点出彩主体句
1．As an outgoing...I get along well with my classmates.
作为一名外向的……我和同学们相处得很好。
2．For one thing，I can help...For another thing，I can improve my English，make more friends，and enrich my life.
一方面，我能帮助……另一方面，我能提高我的英语水平，结交更多的朋友，丰富生活。
3．I am confident that I’m suitable for.../I’m qualified to do.../I’m equal to (doing) sth.
我确信，我适合……/我有做……的资格/我能胜任(做)……
★韵味无穷结尾句
1．I would appreciate it if I have the chance of doing/to do...
如果我有做……的机会，我将不胜感激。
2．Should you offer me an interview，I would be most grateful. Look forward to your reply soon.
如果您能给我提供面试机会，我将非常感激。期待您的早日答复。
3．I’m looking forward to a favorable reply at your earliest convenience.
期待在您方便的时候尽早给我一个肯定的答复。
4．I would greatly appreciate it if you could take my application into consideration.
如果您能考虑我的申请，我将不胜感激。
学以致用
假设你是李华，你在某英文旅游网站看到一则招聘以中文为母语的人做本地导游的假期工作，你对此很感兴趣。请根据以下要点写一封申请信。要点如下：
1．消息来源，求职心愿；
2．自我介绍，自己的优势；
3．获职打算，请求答复。
注意：1.词数80左右；
2．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数；
3．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Sir or Madam，
I am looking forward to your reply.
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua
【参考答案】
【参考范文】
Dear Sir or Madam，
I read from your website that you want a local tourist guide in China. I am very interested in this job.
I am a 17 year old Chinese boy. I have a good knowledge of both Chinese and English and I am good at communicating with others and expressing myself. In addition，I am fond of travelling. During my vacation，I often go travelling with my family or friends，so I am quite familiar with the tourist attractions in this city. If I can get this job，I believe I can do it very well.
I am looking forward to your reply.
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua长句(Long Sentences)
情景探究
观察上面对话, 完成下面句子。
(1) He asked _________________________ in our class.
他问我们班上谁的书法最好。
(2) The first English book ______________ was The Prince and the Pauper by Mark Twain. 我读的第一本英文书是马克·吐温写的《王子与贫儿》。
(3) He has become ______________ ten years ago.
他已经成为了他10年前想成为的样子。
(4) ______________________ doesn’t matter too much.
她来不来都无关紧要。
(5) August is the time of the year for rice harvest, ______________________ every day. 八月是一年中水稻收获的季节, 所以我每天从早到晚地工作。
要义详析
长句(long sentences)多因含有较多较长的修饰成分或包含多个并列句或从句而使得整个句子变长。
一、长句的主要类型
1. 含有较多成分的简单句(同位语、介词短语、非谓语动词、定语、状语、插入语);
2. 含有多个简单句的并列句;
3. 并列句和主从复合句并存。
*The average number of days with heavy pollution in cities at county level and above has dropped from 10 to 6. (主语: number 谓语: has dropped )
县级及以上城市重度污染的平均天数从10天下降到6天。
*Since 2013, China has rolled out a series of State-level regional development strategies to create new economic growth poles, push forward integrated and coordinated development, and explore ways of sustainable development for future generations. (主语: China 谓语: has rolled out 宾语: strategies)
自2013年以来, 中国推出一系列国家级区域发展战略, 着力打造新的经济增长极, 推进一体化协调发展, 探索子孙后代可持续发展之路。
【即学活用】
找出下列句中的主语、谓语和宾语。
(1) Holding the 3rd China International Import Expo during COVID-19 pandemic prevention and control shows China’s determination to further open up its market and to continue to contribute to world economic recovery and development.
主语: _______________________________________________________
谓语: _________ 宾语: ________________
(2) Noted oil painter Zhao Peizhi, born in Northwest China’s Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region, was exposed to the rich history and cultures of various nationalities living in the area during childhood.
主语: ________ 谓语: _________________ 宾语: __________________
二、句子的三种基本类型
如果按照句子的结构分类, 英文句子可分为三个类别: 简单句(Simple Sentence)、并列句(Compound Sentence)和复合句(Complex Sentence)。这里所说的结构, 主要是指句子中主语和谓语之间所构成的关系。
1. 简单句(Simple Sentence)
简单句只有一个主谓结构。句子可能有两个或更多的主语, 也可能有两个或更多的谓语, 但是句子中的主谓关系只有一个。简单句还可以有定语、状语等句子成分。
*The people in the meeting room remained silent.
会议室里的人保持沉默。
*Many young artists are advised to learn by copying the masters.
许多年轻艺术家们被建议通过临摹大师们的作品来学习。
2. 并列句(Compound Sentence)
并列句有两个或两个以上存在并列、对等关系的主谓结构。从语法上讲, 这些主谓结构都能独立地表达意思, 没有从属关系。但是它们在意思或逻辑上有一定程度的内在联系, 使它们有必要构成并列句。在并列句中, 并列连词用来连接两个或几个主谓结构, 即连接平行对等(即互不从属)的分句。
*Computers are used widely in most countries now, and they are a sign of progress.
现在计算机在大多数国家被广泛使用, 它们是进步的标志。
*She is tall, while her elder sister is short.
她很高, 而她姐姐很矮。
3. 复合句(Complex Sentence)
复合句由一个主句(Principal Clause)和一个或一个以上的从句(Subordinate Clause) 构成, 即有一个(或更多)主谓结构充当句子的某一(些)成分, 如主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、同位语等。主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句、定语从句和状语从句都属于复合句, 主句是全句的主体, 通常可以独立存在, 从句则只用作句子的一个成分, 不能独立。
(1)主语从句
作句子主语的从句叫主语从句。主语从句通常由从属连词that, whether, if和连接代词what, who, which, whatever, whoever以及连接副词how, when, where, why等词引导。that在句中无词义, 只起连接作用; 连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义、又起连接作用, 在从句中充当从句的成分。有时为避免句子头重脚轻, 常用形式主语it代替主语从句放于句首, 而把主语从句置于句末。
*What the doctor is uncertain about is whether my mother will recover from the serious disease soon. 医生不能确定的是我母亲是否会很快从这个严重的疾病中康复。
*It is recommended that the project not be started until all the preparations have been made. 建议在所有准备工作完成后再开始这项工程。
(2)宾语从句
用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。宾语从句的引导词与主语从句、表语从句大致一样, 在句中可以作谓语动词或介词及非谓语动词的宾语。
that引导宾语从句时, that在句中不担任任何成分, 在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去, 但如从句是并列句时, 最后一个分句前的that不可省。
在demand、order、suggest、decide、insist, desire, request, command, doubt等表示要求、命令、建议、决定等意义的动词后, 宾语从句常用“(should+) 动词原形”。
who, whom, which, whose, what, when, where, why, how, whoever, whatever, whichever等引导的宾语从句相当于特殊疑问句, 但句子语序要用陈述语序。
(3)表语从句
在句中作表语的从句叫表语从句。表语从句的引导词与主语从句大致一样, 表语从句位于系动词后, 有时用as if引导。其基本结构为: 主语 + 系动词 +从句(若用that引导从句时, 不能省略)。
(4)同位语从句
同位语从句说明其前面的名词的具体内容。后跟同位语从句的名词有advice、demand、doubt、fact、hope、idea、information、message、news、order、problem、promise、question、request、suggestion、truth、wish、word等。
同位语从句和定语从句的区别:
that引导定语从句, 充当句子成分, 在从句中作宾语时可以省略; that引导同位语从句时, 没有实际意义, 不充当句子成分, 一般不能省略。
如:
*I had no idea that you were here. (that引导同位语从句, 不能省略)我不知道你在这里。
*Have you got the idea (that) this book gives you of life in ancient Greece (that引导定语从句, 作宾语, 可以省略)你明白这本书让你了解古希腊的生活了吗
(5)定语从句
定语从句(Attributive Clauses)在句中作定语, 修饰一个名词或代词, 被修饰的名词, 词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后, 由关系词(关系代词或关系副词)引出。
(6)状语从句
状语从句 (Adverbial Clause) 指起副词作用的句子。可以修饰谓语、非谓语动词、定语、状语或整个句子。根据其意义可分为时间、地点、原因、条件、目的、结果、让步、方式和比较等从句。状语从句一般由从属连词引导, 也可以由词组(如the moment等)引起。从句位于句首或句中时通常用逗号与主句隔开, 位于句尾时可以不用逗号隔开。
【即学活用】在空白处填入适当的引导词
(1) Nowadays consumers become more and more practical and buy only ________ they need.
(2) She’d like to offer money to ________ needs it to continue his or her study.
(3) Yesterday he sold out all his stamps at ________ he thought was a reasonable price.
(4) After three days’ waiting, there was a little doubt in the mother’s mind ________ the police could find her lost child.
(5) Our school is no longer _______ it was 10 years ago, when it was not well equipped.
(6) Although he knew little about the large amount of work done in the field, he succeeded _______ other more well-informed experimenters failed.
(7) You should keep those old jam bottles—you never know _______ you might need them.
(8) What makes the school famous is _______ more than 90% of the students have been admitted to universities.
(9) _______ is mentioned above, the number of the students in senior high school is increasing.
(10) The road is covered with snow. I can’t understand _______ they insist on going by motorbike.
(11) _______ fashion differs from country to country may reflect the cultural differences from one aspect.
(12) _______ we’ll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.
【参考答案】
情景探究
(1) whose handwriting was the best (2) that I read (3) what he wanted to be (4) Whether she is coming or not (5) so I work from dawn until dark
要义详析
一、【即学活用】
(1) Holding the 3rd China International Import Expo(动名词短语) ；shows；determination (2) painter；was exposed to；history and cultures
二、【即学活用】
(1) what (2) whoever (3) what (4) whether (5) what (6) where (7) when (8) that (9) As (10) why (11) That (12) Whether

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