资源简介

Developing ideas
学习目标
1.学习本课时下的重点单词和词组，要求会读、会写、掌握意义及灵活运用；
2.概括归纳文段主旨大意，寻找主题句；
3.能够根据文章内容编写采访，有问有答。
重点难点
重点
本课时的重点单词和词组；主旨句。
难点
对文章的具体信息进行提问。
知识梳理
写出下列单词或词组的词义或按要求写单词
at that time _______
competition _______
rent v.__________ n._________
turn...into... ______
rooftop ______
air quality________
allow sb. to do sth. ___________
be in doubt about sth. ______
reflect on sth. ______
grow plants/vegetables___________；grow up___________
自主探究
Today millions of Brits like to say that they have “green fingers”, with around half the population spending their free time gardening.
结合例句，借助字典等工具书完成以下任务：
例句中spend的具体用法是什么？
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
2.除了spend之外，表示“花费”的词还有take和cost，各自用法如何？
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
小试牛刀
一句多译
买这件外套花了我50块钱。
———————————————————————————————————(spend)
———————————————————————————————————(spend)
———————————————————————————————————(cost)
———————————————————————————————————(take)
合作探究
观察以下例句并按要求完成任务：
While many Brits like nothing better than spending their Sunday cutting the grass, some are happy just to sit under the branches of the trees and enjoy the beauty of the world around them.
（1）翻译句子
_______________________________________________________________________________
while在这里作“虽然”讲，引导让步状语从句；除此外while还可以作并列连词，表“然而”以及从属连词引导时间状语从句。试分别举例说明。
_______________________________________________________________________________
课后巩固
短文改错
On a snowy winter night, a bus with 45 passenger had an accident because the wet road. And all of them were trapping in the bus, and what is worse, the bus ran out of gas and it was very cold in it. They could do nothing but to wait for help. A man who lived nearby saw that had happened. He and some villagers succeeded in open the door and helped all of them out of the bus. He took them to his home but offered food and water and even some warm clothes to the children. They spent two days in their home and finally help came. All of them were thankfully for his help.
【参考答案】
知识梳理
写出下列单词或词组的词义或按要求写单词
1.在那时
2.比赛；竞争
3.v.租借；出租 n.租金
4.把……变成……
5.屋顶；房顶
6.空气质量
7.允许某人做某事
8.对某事感到怀疑
9.反思……
10.种植植物/蔬菜；成长/长大
自主探究
1.spend time/money (in) doing sth./on sth. 花费时间/金钱做某事。
2.（1）take: It takes/took sb. time/money to do sth.
做某事花了某人多少时间/钱
（2）cost一般主语为物.
小试牛刀
一句多译
I spent 50 yuan buying the coat.
I spent 50 yuan on the coat.
The coat cost me 50 yuan.
It took me 50 yuan to buy the coat.
合作探究
（1）翻译句子
虽然许多英国人最喜欢把周日用在修剪草地上，对有些而言，只是坐在树下欣赏周围世界的美好就已经很开心了。
（2）并列连词：On Sunday afternoon my brother like to play basketball with his friends, while I prefer watching TV at home.
从属连词：“当……的时候”
She burnt her hand while she was cooking in the kitchen.
课后巩固
短文改错
第一句：passenger→passengers; because后加of
第二句：trapping→trapped; is→was
第三句：去掉to
第四句：that→what
第五句：open→opening
第六句：but→and
第七句：their→his
第八句：thankfully→thankfulStarting Out & Understanding Ideas
学习目标
1.全面掌握本课时重点单词/词组/句型（读/写/记/运用）；
2.能够通过阅读文章，快速获取细节信息,并推断作者写作目的；
3.利用思维导图（流程图）帮助自己理解文本。
重点难点
重点
(1)全面掌握本课时重点单词/词组/句型；
(2)能够通过阅读文章，快速获取细节信息,并推断作者写作目的。
2. 难点
(1) 思维导图的制作或根据图示复述文章；
(2) 理解人与自然的相互关系。
知识梳理
写出下列单词或短语的词义
1.turn...into...___________
2.wrap___________
3.take hundreds of years___________
4.complete v. ______→n.________
5.as far as the eye can see __________
6.from the bottom to the very top__________
7.plenty of___________
8.steep___________
9.in harmony__________
10.connect with___________
11.feed on___________
12.provide___________
13.pass down___________
14.generation___________
15.agriculture___________
16.attract___________
17.admire__________
18.wonder__________
自我检测
翻译句子
我相信这个理念会被一代又一代地传递下去。
修建梯田花了当地人们数百年的时间。
目力所及的地方，这些梯田遍布在高山上。
这起事故与驾驶员的违法吸毒有关。
这所学校因为其优秀的教学而被广泛赞誉。
自主探究
Read paragraph 4 and use some key words to complete the working principle of the Longji Rice Terraces.
合作探究
观察以下例句并回答以下问题：
It is along these waterways that rainwater moves down the mountains and into the terraces.
类似例句这种结构我们称之为强调句型。
强调句型的基本结构是什么？
_________________________________________________________
强调句型的功能是什么？
_________________________________________________________
课后巩固
语法填空
As the railroads and the highways shaped the American West in the past few 1.________ (century), a new electrical generating and transmission system for the 21st century will leave a 2.________ (last) mark on the West, for better or worse. Much of the real significance of railroads and highways is not in their direct physical effect on the scenery, but 3.________ the ways that they affect the surrounding community. The same is true of big solar plants and the power lines that will 4.________ (lay) down to move electricity around.
Big solar plants and their power lines will also have effects far beyond their direct footprint in 5.________ West. This is not an argument against 6.________(build) them. We need alternative energy badly, and to really take advantage of 7.________， we need to be able to move electricity around far more readily 8.________ we can now.
So balance will have to 9.________(make). Some scenic spots will be sacrificed. Some species will be forced to move or will be 10.________(careful) moved to special accommodation. Measures will be taken to reduce the immediate effects.
【答案解析】
知识梳理
1.把……变成…… 2.用……包裹 3.花费数百年时间 4.完成；completion 5.目力所及 6.从底部到最顶上 7.许多；大量 8.陡峭的 9.和谐地 10.与……有联系 11.以……为食 12.提供 13.传递 14.一代人 15.农业 16.吸引 17.欣赏 18.奇迹
自我检测
I believe that the belief will be passed down generation by generation.
It took local people hundreds of years to build the terraces.
Reaching as far as the eye can see, the terraces cover tall mountains.
The accident is connected with the driver’s illegally using drugs.
The school is widely admired for its excellent teaching.
自主探究
clouds
terraces
3. river
合作探究
1.It is/was...that/who...
2.用于强调主语，宾语，状语等成分，不能强调谓语。
课后巩固
语篇解读：本文是一篇科普说明文。对比高速公路、铁路的建设对美国西部的影响，作者探讨了可替代能源建设将对该地区产生的影响，建议建设中要谨慎。
1．【答案】centuries
【解析】考查名词的数。空格前的“few”用于修饰可数名词复数，故空格处应用century的复数形式centuries。
2．【答案】lasting
【解析】考查词性转换。根据空格前的冠词“a”和空格后的名词“mark”可推知，空格处作定语，修饰名词。故用last的形容词形式lasting。
3．【答案】in
【解析】考查介词。in the ways为固定搭配，意为“以这些方式”，符合语境。故填in。
4．【答案】be laid
【解析】考查动词的语态。因该句主语“power lines”和空格处所填动词之间为被动关系。故填be laid。
5．【答案】the
【解析】考查冠词。the West为专有名词，意为“西部，西方”。故填定冠词the。
6．【答案】building
【解析】考查非谓语动词。空格前的“against”为介词，介词后应接名词、动名词或代词。故用build的动名词形式building。
7．【答案】it
【解析】考查代词。分析该句结构可知，空格处代指该句中的“alternative energy”，作介词of的宾语。故用it。
8．【答案】than
【解析】考查比较级结构。根据该句中的“far more”可知，此处表示比较的概念，空格处填比较级标志词than。far more than为固定搭配，意为“远超过……”，符合语境。
9．【答案】be made
【解析】考查动词的语态。该句主语为“balance”，和动词“make”之间是被动关系，应用被动语态；根据空格前的“will have to”可知，空格处应用be动词的原形。故填be made。
10．【答案】carefully
【解析】考查词性转换。分析该句结构可知，空格处修饰动词“moved”，应用副词。故填careful的副词形式carefully。Using language
学习目标
1.复习定语从句的基本概念；
2.了解介词选择的三种方法；
3.会根据实际情况灵活正确选用相应的介词或关系代词。
重点难点
重点
了解“介词+关系代词”在定语从句中的功能；会根据实际情况灵活正确选用相应的介词。
难点
在定语从句中正确使用介词。
课前复习
This is the place where we lived for 5 years.
I know the reason why he did so.
I remember the day when we met.
任务一：划出先行词。
任务二：圈出关系副词。
任务三：说明关系副词在定语从句中的成份及指代。
知识梳理
请同学们阅读并理解以下内容。
在前面两个单元，我们已经分别学习了定语从句关系代词和关系副词的功能以及如何正确选择关系代词和关系副词。我们知道，关系代词可以指代先行词，在从句中作主语、宾语或定语；而关系副词在从句中作状语。事实上，如果我们将课前复习的三个句子进行拆解，我们将得到以下三组句子：
Group 1:
This is the place.
We lived in the place for 5 years.
Group 2:
I know the reason.
He did so for the reason...
Group 3:
I remember the day.
We met on the day.
通过分解我们发现了，从句中的状语when、where、why分别指代了“介词+先行词”，而由于关系代词可以指代先行词，那么我们可以推出关系副词可以等于“介词+关系代词”。这就是定语从句中“介词+关系代词”结构的由来。
我们来看更多的例子。
This is the farm. I stayed in the farm two years ago.
合并为一句：
This is the farm where(=in which) I stayed two years ago.
This is the reason. I was late this morning for the reason.
合并为一句：
This is the reason why(=for which)I was late this morning.
I shall never forget the days. We worked on the farm on those days.
合并为一句
I shall never forget the days when (=on which) we worked on the farm
【特别提示】“介词+关系代词”结构中的关系代词只有两个，whom或which，其中指认用whom，指物用which。
合作探究
I bought a great many books, on which I spent all my money that I saved.
I shall never forget the time during which I spent my childhood in the country.
The colorless gas without which we cannot live is called oxygen.
根据以上几组例句和讲解，完成思维导图：“介词+关系代词”结构中介词选择。
小试牛刀
1. There are species living in the depths of the oceans ______ we still know little.
A. for which B. in which C. of what D. of which
2.I’ve read many stories of Lei Feng, ___ this is the most touching one.
A. who B. of which C. of whom D. that
3.Today’s English learners have a wide choice of dictionaries ______to choose.
A. from which B. in which C. for which D. of which
4.A good advertisement often uses words _____ people attach positive meanings．
A．that B．which C．with which D．to which
5. The position, however, _____you are applying, is not quite a well-paid one.
A. that B. for which C. which D. to which
当堂检测
Activity 2 on page 65.
Activity 3 on page 65.
课后巩固
1. Trading leather handbags is the business _____ the Greens have been devoted over the past decade.
A. what B. where C. in which D. to which
2. In our city there are several big public parks _____many people can go to enjoy the beautiful scenery.
A. in which B. at which C. from which D. to which
3. Mr. David has been to Many cities in China, _____Xi’an has impressed him most.
A. of which B. in which C. with which D. on which
4. On the second floor there are two rooms, _____ is used as a meeting room.
A. the larger of which B. one of them
C. the larger one of that D. the largest of which
5.The police arrived, _____the situation became calmer.
A. after which B. before which
C. in which D. from which
【答案解析】
课前复习
先行词：the place; 关系副词：where, 在从句中作状语，指代in the place。
先行词：the reason; 关系副词：why, 在从句中作状语，指代for the reason。
先行词：the day; 关系副词：that, 在从句中作状语，指代on the day。
合作探究
1.从句谓语动词
2.先行词
3.句意
小试牛刀
1. 【答案】D
【解析】正确判断先行词，species。分解从句可得We still know little of the species。
2. 【答案】B
【解析】先行词为stories。 根据与先行词的搭配可得正确答案。注意C项干扰。
3. 【答案】A
【解析】根据句意判断是从这些字典当中进行选择。
4. 【答案】D
【解析】根据介词与从句谓语动词的习惯搭配attach to可知答案为D。
5. 【答案】B
【解析】根据介词与从句谓语动词的习惯搭配apply for可知答案为B。
当堂检测
Activity 2 on page 65
The Zhuang is one of the ethnic groups, of which its population is the largest in China.
Guangxi is a province in which the Longji Terraces are located.
I want to visit this cultural landscape to which the title of UNESCO World Heritage Site was given in 2016.
He is an expert on rice planting, from whom the local Zhuang people have learnt a lot.
Activity 3 on page 65
from which
in which
for which
to whom
课后巩固
【答案】D
【解析】根据与从句谓语动词的搭配be devoted to可知正确答案。
【答案】D
【解析】根据与从句谓语动词及先行词的搭配go to the parks可知正确答案。
【答案】A
【解析】根据句意“在这些城市中西安给他留下了最深刻的印象”可知正确答案。
【答案】A
【解析】根据句意“更大的那间被用作会议室”可知正确答案。
【答案】A
【解析】根据句意“警察到来后场面冷静了下来”可知正确答案。Writing—Writing a summary
[学范文·背佳句]——它山之石，可以攻玉
范文 诠解 [参考范文] [名师论道]
　　British people love to make tea with fruit and herbs.Such a habit is so popular that many people plant easy to grow herbs in their own tea gardens.There are many flavours of fruit and herbal teas, including traditional lemon and ginger, as well as many unusual flavours such as mango, strawberry, apple, pear, blackberry leaf and dandelion.Aside from the variety of flavours, herbal tea also has various health benefits.Some can help people relax, and some like ginger tea, are good for the immune system, while others, such as mint tea, are beneficial for digestion. [学语言] 本文为概要写作，范文分为三部分，三部分中心内容分别为Their popularity, Unusual flavours, Health benefits。范文正是从文章中心内容入手，然后用不同的表达，如so ...that ...结构，there be句型等；另外作者用不同的连接词或短语将不同段落的内容连接起来，使文章更加顺畅；除此之外，范文还对信息进行了适当地整合与重组。 [学结构] 中心内容(Their popularity, Unusual flavours, Health benefits)→段落大意(many people grow their very own tea gardens with easy to grow herbs/mango, strawberry, apple, pear, blackberry leaf and dandelion/It can be good for digestion)→添加细节，丰富内容→整合句子，重组文章→添连词，连全文。
佳句 背诵 1.When some waste chemicals are put into the sea, they can hurt or kill animals and fish. 当一些化学废料被排放到海洋时，它们会伤害或杀死动物和鱼类。 2.As can be seen from the chart, an increasing number of people own mobile phones in China now. 从图表中可以看出，现在中国拥有手机的人越来越多。 3.Nowadays some teenagers prefer to watch TV at home rather rather than go out for exercise. 如今，一些青少年宁愿在家看电视也不愿意出去做运动。 4.Our city has developed into a big one, which is four times the size of what it used to be. 我们的城市已经发展成了一个大城市，是原来的4倍大。 5.The harder you work, the greater progress you will make. 你学习越努力，取得的进步越大。 6.There's no doubt that it can enhance people's consciousness of health, but it is likely to result in over anxiety. 毫无疑问，它能增强人们的健康意识，但更有可能引起过度焦虑。
[仿佳作·找差距]——巧借外力，事半功倍
[题目要求]
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
The familiar yellow school bus is the largest system of mass transportation in the US and every school day transports roughly 25 million young people to school and home again after the school day ends.Meanwhile, they are the safest method for getting kids to and from school, according to the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA)．Children are 70 times more likely to arrive at school safely on the school bus than if they had traveled to school driving themselves or riding with friends.
These school buses meet more of the nation's motor vehicle safety standards than any other vehicles on the road.Also, several new technologies available today are making school buses even safer, such as video cameras on the inside and outside, stop arm cameras, GPS tracking and collision lessening systems.Another safety tool on school buses is high seat backs, closely spaced seats and energy absorbing seating.
But even the safeness of school buses would not completely sum up why children are safer when riding the big, yellow bus.The bus is only as safe as the professional men and women who drive them.All drivers must obtain a Class B or C Commercial Driver's License(CDL)．They are randomly tested for alcohol and drugs, usually have their driving record checked, and are given the same review for criminal history as teachers and other employees who have contact with students.In order to serve as a school bus driver, most applicants are required to successfully complete a training course, along with instruction in the classroom and behind the wheel.
School buses are safe for the environment, not only because each bus replaces 36 passenger cars that would, but for the buses, be on the road taking and picking up school children.Additionally, school buses use alternative green fuels like natural gas, and electric power.
Todd Monteferrario, President of the National School Transportation Association, said parents should remember that the safest and smartest choice is to put their children on the big yellow bus when they can.
[写作指导]
概要写作是在正确理解文章的基础上，在不改变原文中心思想、体裁和结构的前提下，用简明、精练的语句高度浓缩文章的主要内容和观点。
在写概要时，要按照“六步法”的程序进行，具体操作方法如下：
1．Scan the passage—览全文，定体裁
2．Underline the main points—划要点
3．Miss the details—省细节
4．Analyse the structure—析结构
5．Restate the points—换表达
6．Yoke the sentences to a passage—连全文
文章体裁 议论文
话题 It is the safest way for kids to and from school by the yellow school bus.
结构 总—分—总
分 要 点 校车满足了较高的车辆安全标准且技术配备先进。 not only ...but also ...，meet，equip 可能 用到 的词 汇和 句型
校车司机必须通过严格的资格考试和安全驾驶培训。 pass, qualification, training
校车以绿色燃料为动力，减少了私家车上路，因此很环保。 power, reduce, hit the roads, environmentally
参考范文：
The school bus is the safest and wisest choice to school in the US for the following reasons.(要点1)Firstly, school buses not only meet high vehicle safety standards but also are technologically equipped.(要点2)Secondly, the bus drivers have to pass strict qualification tests and safety driving trainings.(要点3)Thirdly, school buses, powered by green fuels, are environmentally safe by reducing the number of private cars hitting the roads.(要点4)Therefore, children are encouraged to go to school by school bus.(要点5)

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