资源简介

Developing ideas
学习目标
1.学习本课时下的重点单词和词组，要求会读、会写、掌握意义及灵活运用。
2.利用思维导图帮助自己串联故事，分场景回忆故事情节并复述故事。
3.了解欧亨利相关的背景知识。
重点难点
重点
本课时的重点单词和词组。
难点
根据提示信息分场景复述故事。
猜测故事结局。
知识梳理
Words and expressions
按要求写出词义
The story is set in New York on a cold, dark night.
set v. _______
go up _______
have a chat/talk with sb.______
start doing/to do sth. ______
dine v. ______
chum n. ______ chap n._______
be to do sth. ______
make one’s fortune ______
no matter what ______
destiny n. ______
自主探究
He and I were raised here in New York, just like two brothers, together.
结合例句，借助字典等工具书完成以下任务：
raise在这里是什么意思？
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raise 作动词还有什么别的意思？
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3. raise与rise有何区别？
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小试牛刀
翻译句子
在一个寒冷漆黑的夜晚，他离开了自己的家乡。
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那个正在和Tom谈话的人是我们的英语老师。
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一支烟后，Jim开始讲述自己的故事。
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他们将在今天下午在学校门口碰面。
____________________________________________
无论做什么事情，你都必须非常细心。
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学生们积极地举起了手回答老师的问题。
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课后巩固
短文改错
I used to feel I was the sun in my family. But while my cousin was born, everyone pays more attention to her. So I disliked her and couldn’t get along well with her. As time went on, I realized what ridiculous I had been at that time. I tried to find a proper time to apologize. When my cousin’s family came to my home a few day ago, I took my cousin to play outside. In the way to the playground, I had bought many snacks for her. Then we began chat. When we talked about their childhood, suddenly, I said “sorry” gently. She was silently, so I thought that she hadn’t heard me clearly. But after while she said: “Don’t say that. In my memory, you are always friendly.”
【参考答案】
知识梳理
Words and expressions
按要求写出词义
1.以……为背景
2.(物价)上涨；（温度）上升
3.与某人聊天/谈话
4.开始做某事
5.进餐；用饭
6.朋友；人
7.准备做某事
8.发财
9.无论什么
10.命运
自主探究
raise v. 养育；抚养
2.（1）提升；举起
e.g. He raised a hand in greeting.
（2）提高；增加
e.g. I’ve never heard him even raise his voice.
（3）筹集
e.g. We are raising money for charity.
（4）提及
e.g. The book raises many important questions.
（5）引起；导致
e.g. It wasn’t an easy audience but he raised a laugh with his joke.
（6）饲养；种植
e.g. to raise cattle/corn
3. raise是及物动词，rise是不及物动词，作“上升/上涨/升起”等义时主语不能是人
e.g. The sun rises in the east.
Prices rise every day in those countries.
小试牛刀
翻译句子
1.He left his hometown on a cold, dark night.
2.The man who is having a chat with Tom is our English teacher.
3.After a cigarette, Jim started to tell his story.
4.They are to meet at the school gate this afternoon.
5.No matter what you do, you must be very careful.
6.Students raise their hands actively to answer teacher’s question.
课后巩固
短文改错
第二句：while→when; pays→paid
第四句：what→how
第六句：day→days
第七句：In→On; 去掉had
第八句：chat→to chat 或 chatting
第九句：their→our
第十句：silently→silent
第十一句：while 前加 aStarting Out & Understanding Ideas
学习目标
1.全面掌握本课时重点单词/词组/句型（读/写/记/运用）；
2.能够通过阅读文章，快速获取细节信息,并推敲作者的写作目的；
3.初步了解对比比较这一写作方式。
重点难点
1.重点
全面掌握本课时重点单词/词组/句型；
能够通过阅读文章，快速获取细节信息。
2.难点
(1) 理解对比的写作手法；
(2) 探究文字背后作者的写作目的。
知识梳理
写出下列单词或短语的词义
1.what if___________
2.thanks to___________
3.advances in technology___________
4.significantly___________
5.move around the world__________
6.stay/keep in touch with sb.___________
7.digital age___________
8.such as___________
9.connect...with...__________
10.enjoy doing sth.___________
11.even if___________
12.on the other side of the world___________
13.tend to do sth.___________
14.appear___________
学习进阶
Step 1 Choose the main purpose of the passage.
To prove that ways of making friends were better in the past.
To illustrate how it is better to make friends online.
To persuade people to abandon traditional ways of making friends.
To discuss the advantages and disadvantages of making friends online.
Step 2 Read the passage again and find out the author’s opinions about online friendship.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
合作探究
观察以下例句并回答问题：
How would you feel if moving to a new town meant losing track of your friends
But when you “friend” people online, does this mean that they really are your friends
But this doesn’t mean we should throw the baby out with the bathwater.
句中三个mean的用法是否一致？
mean的具体用法有哪些？小组合作，借助字典等工具弄明白。
课后巩固
翻译句子
长期熬夜意味着逐渐失去健康。
由于科技的进步，我们交友和与朋友交流的方式发生了重大改变。
搬到另外一个城市之后，想和朋友保持联系有时候还是挺困难的。
数字时代能够让我们找打志同道合的朋友。
无论我们的爱好是什么，互联网都能把我们与那些喜欢做这些事情的人联系在一起。
【参考答案】
知识梳理
1.如果……将如何呢？ 2.幸亏；由于 3.科技的进步 4.有重大意义地；显著地 5.满世界搬迁 6.保持联系 7.数字时代 8.比如说 9.把…和…联系起来 10.喜欢做某事 11.即使 12.在世界的另一边 13.倾向于做某事 14.出现；似乎
学习进阶
Step 1 Choose the main purpose of the passage.
To discuss the advantages and disadvantages of making friends online.
Step 2 Read the passage again and find out the author’s opinions about online friendship.
Whether people online are really our friends depends. On one hand, if people always exchange true personal information online, then friendships can be real and meaningful. On the other hand, we should keep in mind that what we see on social media is often not the whole truth about a person. So be CAUTIOUS.
合作探究
1.一致，都表示“意味着”
2.mean v. 意味着；意思是→meaning n. 意思；意义→meaningful adj. 有意义的→meaningless adj. 无意义的
mean adj. 吝啬的，小气的，刻薄的
mean doing sth. 意味着做某事 mean to do sth. 打算做某事
课后巩固
Often staying up to late means losing health gradually.
Thanks to advances in technology, how we make friends and communicate with them has changed significantly.
After moving to another city, staying in touch with friends sometimes can be difficult.
The digital age enables us to find people who share our interests.
Whatever our hobbies, the Internet can connect us with others who also enjoy doing them.Using language
学习目标
1.掌握定于从句的基本概念：定语，定语从句，先行词，关系代词；
2.了解关系代词在定于从句中的功能；
3.会根据实际情况灵活正确选用相应的关系代词。
重点难点
重点
（1）掌握定于从句的基本概念：定语，定于从句，先行词，关系代词；
（2）了解关系代词在定于从句中的功能；
（3）会根据实际情况灵活正确选用相应的关系代词。
难点
正确使用关系代词。
知识梳理
请同学们阅读并理解以下内容。
一、什么是定语
句子中修饰名词或代词的成分叫做定语。定语可以由形容词，名词，不定式，分词，动名词或从句来充当。
eg:
I bought an (expensive) computer. （形容词）
I met someone ( funny) on my way to school. （形容词）（修饰不定代词的定语后置）
she is an ( English) teacher. （名词）
I have a lot of work ( to do). （不定式）
The book ( written by Tom) is very popular now. （过去分词短语）
We can see the (rising) sun. （现在分词） = the sun is rising.
He is in the ( reading) room. (动名词) = the room for reading
The boy (who broke the window) is Tom’s brother. （从句）
二、定语从句
两个术语：先行词，关系代词
先行词：被定语从句所修饰的名词、名词词组或代词
关系词（关系代词或关系副词）：连接先行词与定语从句的词
关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which等
1、关系代词在定语从句中充当主语
先行词为人时
（1）两个单句为The boys are from Class One. The boys are playing football.
（2）将两个单句合并为一句。The boys 在从句中作主语，关系代词中能作主语并代表人的是who, that。
The boys（who/that are playing football）are from Class One.
（3）who/that==the boys, 在定语从句中做主语的成分，并连接先行词和定语从句。
先行词为物时
（1）I found the letter. The letter came yesterday.
（2）将两个单句合并为一句。The letter在从句中作主语。关系代词中能作主语并代表物的是which, that。
I found the letter (which/that came yesterday).
（3）which/that==the letter, 在定语从句中做主语的成分，并连接先行词和定语从句。
2. 关系代词在定语从句中充当宾语
先行词为人时
（1）The man is my friend. You met the man just now.
（2) 将两个单句合并为一句。The man在从句中作宾语。关系代词中能作宾语并代表人的是whom, that。
The man (whom/that you met just now) is my friend.
（3）whom/that==the man, 在定语从句中做宾语的成分，并连接先行词和定语从句。
做宾语的关系代词whom/that 可以省略The man ( you met just now) is my friend.
先行词为物时
（1）This is the pen. He bought the pen yesterday.
（2）将两个单句合并为一句。The pen在从句中作宾语。 关系代词中能作宾语并代表物的是which, that。
This is the pen (which/that he bought yesterday).
（3） which/that==the pen, 在定语从句中做宾语的成分，并连接先行词和定语从句。
做宾语的关系代词which/that 可以省略This is the pen (he bought yesterday).
3. 关系代词在定语从句中充当定语
(1) I helped the man. The man’s car was broken.
(2) the man’s 是名词所有格，起到定语的作用修饰 car, 用关系代词替换从句中重复的the man, 关系代词中能作定语，表示“谁的”是whose。
I helped the man (whose car was broken).
(3) whose=the man’s, 在定语从句中做定语，并连接先行词和定语从句。
whose不但可以表示“谁的”，还可以指物，表示“什么的”。例如：
I once lived in a house. The roof of the house has fallen in.
I once lived in a house (the roof of the house has fallen in).
I once lived in a house (whose roof has fallen in).
合作探究
通过以上几组例句和讲解，我们发现关系代词的功能有____________, ____________, _________________.
自我检测
阅读以下句子，按要求完成任务。
(1)The man who talked to you just now is an engineer.
(2)This kind of book is for children whose native language is Chinese.
(3)I enjoyed the evening that we spent together by the sea.
(4)Here is the pen that you lost the day before yesterday.
(5)He is the person whom I met in the park yesterday.
(6)The book that you need is sold out.
(7)The lady who came to our class is from Australia.
(8)The man who shook hands with our teacher just now is Li Lei’s father.
(9)She is one of the students in our class who are good at English.
勾出先行词
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
圈出关系代词并指出关系代词在从句中的成分。
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
翻译句子。
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
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小试牛刀
Rewrite the sentences with that, which, who, whom or whose
(1)Lucy is my friend. She has a hearing problem.
(2)So I learnt a new language. It allows me to “speak” with my hands.
(3)Lucy is a smart girl. Her ideas are always inspiring.
(4)I sometimes have problems. I can’t solve them.
(5)Lucy is a good listener. I enjoy sharing moments of my life with her.
当堂检测
Fill in the blanks with that, which, who, whom, or whose.
Walk and talk is a group ____1_____meets every Sunday. It is free to join. Walk and Talk is perfect for anyone ____2_____weekends need some excitement. We are all teenagers ____3_____love walking and making new friends.
We want you to join us! The next walk____4_____is open to new members is on 22 July. You can also bring your friends. However, anyone____5_____you bring must be over 12 years old.
Come along and join the fun.
课后巩固
1.The books on the desk，________ covers are shiny，are prizes for us.
2.Simon is a comedian and actor _______has 10 years’ experience of teaching comedy.
3.Frank Hurley, a confident and gifted Australian photographer who knew the Antarctic, was hired to make the images, most of ________have never before been published.
4.Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius，________lived from roughly 551 to 479 B．C, influenced the development of chopsticks.
5.When I was 13 my only purpose was to become the star on our football team. That meant beating out Miller King, ________was the best player at our school.
6.I live next door to a couple ________ children often make a lot of noise.
7.I prefer to work in black and white, ________ allows me to show different specific worlds more clearly.
8.Researchers have discovered that “night milk” contains more melatonin(褪黑激素), ________has been proven to help people feel sleepy and reduce anxiety.
9.Many young people, most of ________ were well－educated，headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.
10.Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears, none of ________ has been proved.
【答案解析】
合作探究
指代先行词，引导定语从句，在定语从句中担任成分（主语，宾语，定语）
自我检测
1.勾出先行词
(1)the man (2) children (3)the evening (4)the pen (5)the person (6)the book
(7)the lady (8) the man (9)students
2.圈出关系代词并指出关系代词在从句中的成分。
(1)who, 作主语 (2)whose, 作定语 (3)that, 作宾语 (4)that, 作宾语 (5)whom, 作宾语 (6)that, 作宾语 (7)who, 作主语 (8)who, 作主语 (9)who, 作主语
3.翻译句子。
(1)刚才和你说话的那个人是一位工程师。
(2)这种书是供母语是汉语的儿童看的。
(3)我们一起在海边度过的那个晚上，我过得很愉快。
(4)这是你前天丢失的那支笔。
(5)他就是我昨天在公园里遇到的那个人。
(6)你需要的那本书售完了。
(7)那位来过我们班的女士来自澳大利亚。
(8)刚才和我们老师握手的那个人是李雷的父亲。
(9)她是我们班上英语很好的学生之一。
小试牛刀
(1) Lucy is my friend who/that has a hearing problem.
(2) So I learnt a new language which/that allows me to “speak” with my hands.
(3) Lucy is a smart girl whose ideas are always inspiring.
(4) I sometimes have problems which/that can’t solve.
(5) Lucy is a good listener whom I enjoy sharing moments of my life with.
当堂检测
that/which 2. whose 3. who/that 4. which/that 5. whom/that
课后巩固
1．【答案】whose　
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：桌上的书是给我们的奖励，那些书的封面闪闪发光。本题考查非限制性定语从句的连接词，先行词为the books，和covers之间是所有关系，故用whose。
2．【答案】who/that　
【解析】考查定语从句的关系代词，先行词是a comedian and actor，在从句中做主语，所以用who或者that。
3．【答案】which　
【解析】考查定语从句。介词后跟关系代词，先行词为images，所以用which。
4．【答案】who　
【解析】考查定语从句。后面是非限制性定语从句，先行词指人，故用who。
5．【答案】who　
【解析】考查定语从句。先行词为Miller King，故用who。
6．【答案】whose　
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：我住在一对夫妇的隔壁，他们的孩子经常弄出很大的噪音。先行词为couple，由句意可知children与couple之间为所属关系，故用关系代词whose。
7．【答案】which　
【解析】考查非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行词是前面的整个句子。
8．【答案】which　
【解析】考查非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行词是melatonin。
9．【答案】whom　
【解析】考查定语从句的用法。句意：很多年轻人前往偏远地区去追逐他们的梦想，他们中的很多人都受过良好教育。根据句子结构可知，此处为定语从句，先行词为Many young people，作介词of的宾语，故要用whom。
10．【答案】which　
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：科学家们已经提出许多关于人类为什么哭泣会流泪的理论，其中没有一个已被证明的。分析句子成分可知，空处引导定语从句，此处是非限制性定语从句，which代替many theories，故应用 which引导该定语从句。Unit 4 Friends forever
Writing
看图写故事——友谊
技法指导
看图作文是先仔细观察图画，然后根据图画的内容来写一篇作文。写作时应遵循以下四点：
第一：认真观察图片，确定文章主题。
第二：围绕主题，提炼出文章所需要点。
第三：通过合理想象，补充出其他合适文章主题的要点。
第四：确定文章的时态。
经典句式
1．开头常用句式：
There is a person who plays an important role in my life, which is beyond my description.
有一个人在我生命中起了重要作用，这是我无法用语言形容的。
In the widest sense, all people are friends.
在广泛意义上说，所有的人都是朋友。
What is friendship It is not food that we eat when we are hungry, but it can help fill up our empty mind when we feel lonely.
友谊是什么？友谊不是当我们饿的时候所吃的食物，友谊是当我们感到孤单时充满心间的美好。
Love is a lamp, while friendship is the shadow. When the lamp is off, you will find the shadow everywhere. Friend is who can give you strength at last.
爱就像灯火，而友谊则像影子。当把灯关上的时候，你会发现到处都是影子。朋友是在最后可以给你力量的人。
There are several important elements necessary to maintain a good friendship.
要想维持友谊，有一些重要元素是必不可少的。
2．主体段落常用句式：
That is to say, in hard times, it is easy for us to test whether the friendship is true or not.
也就是说，在困难的时候我们才容易测试出友情的真假。
The ability to really listen to another is basic to good friendship.
倾听的能力，是保持良好友谊的基础。
Whatever your social faults may be, look at them honestly and try your best to correct them.
无论你有什么样的社交错误，诚实面对然后努力改正它们。
You know your own shortcomings, so don't expect perfection from others.
你知道自己的缺点，那就不要期待别人是完美的。
Only in this way can we develop real friendship and keep the lamp of friendship burning all our life.
只有这样做，我们才可以拥有真正的友谊并且让这友谊之光照亮我们的生活。
To conclude, friendship is a mutual spiritual assist.
总而言之，友谊是相互间的精神支持。
3．结尾常用句式：
Remember I won't be far away whenever you need any help!
记住：无论你何时需要任何帮助，我随叫随到。
No matter what happens, a true friend will never leave you alone and will always be with you.
无论发生什么事情，一个真正的朋友决不会离你而去，而是会永远在你身边。
典例演练
仔细观察下面的漫画，以“朋友”为题，写一篇短文。
注意：1.所写短文的词数应在120左右；
2．所写文章主题要围绕“朋友”展开；
3．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
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[精彩范文]
The best friend
All of us will meet different friends in our life, but who will be our best friend
Let me introduce my best friend Lingling. We have become friends for 9 years. What a long time it is! She is a seventeen－year－old girl like me. We had an unforgettable experience. One day, it's time to go home but the weather became terrible suddenly. I felt upset because I forgot taking my raincoat with me. At this moment a girl called Lingling appeared, and she gave me a hand, inviting me to go with her. From then on, we formed a deep and lasting friendship.
As the old saying goes, “A friend in need is a friend indeed.”
总评　本范文覆盖所有要点，文章结构合理清晰，语言连贯平实，句式丰富多样。开头点明文章主题“朋友”，主体部分联系自己的真实生活展开，使读者更容易产生共鸣。结尾再次扣题。达到了预期的写作目的。
[亮点呈现]
(1)What a long time it is！感叹句的运用，丰富了文章的句式。
(2)a girl called ... , inviting等非谓语动词的使用，使文章表达更精炼，结构更紧凑。
(3)文章结尾谚语的引用恰到好处，既总结全文，又凸显了英语的原汁原味。
跟踪演练
仔细观察图片，以“朋友”为题，写作一篇短文。
注意：1.词数120左右；
2．可以适当增加情节，以使行文连贯。
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【参考答案】
跟踪演练
The two pictures describe a common phenomenon that some people always say “My friend falls, I laugh; my phone falls, I cry.” I don't think it a reasonable practice for them to behave that way in our society.
For one thing, more and more studies have reported that mobile phone addiction causes selfishness, unawareness of the needs of others and disconnection from reality. Secondly, friends are more important than phones in our daily life. As is known to us all, if we are in trouble, it is not our phones but our friends that can really help us out.
All in all, good interpersonal skills are a must for our future social life, so put your phone away and make some good friends, which is a really wise move.

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