资源简介

Unit 5　Revealing nature
Developing ideas and Presenting ideas
阅读理解
阅读P56－57教材课文，选择最佳选项。
1．The recent scientific studies have shown that plants can ________．
A．communicate with other living things in a chemical way when being eaten by an insect
B．hardly react to the chemicals the neighbour released
C．can release some chemicals from the leaves that are being eaten to drive the insects away
D．call the wasps to kill the insects that are eating their leaves
2．What can we infer from Paragraph 4
A．People can't hear the noise created by the plants because we can't use sound to communicate with them.
B．All the plants can make noises with their roots.
C．Only chilli plants can tell if a neighbour plant is helpful or unfriendly.
D．When some plants make clicking noises，perhaps it suggests drought is coming.
3．How do you think the plants link with each other in a forest
A．They can keep linked by cables and satellites like the Internet we use.
B．They have an amazing system of communication called “wood wide web”．
C．They are linked underground by their roots.
D．They use the fungal network to share information and food but they can't attack others like our own Internet.
4．What might be the author's purpose in writing the text
A．To tell us the importance of talking plants.
B．To convince people that talking plants are only a thing of myths and legends.
C．To introduce some ways in which plants communicate.
D．To tell the readers how to communicate with plants.
5．The text is likely to appear in ________．
A．a newspaper advertisement
B．a diary
C．a science magazine
D．a guidebook
Words and Phrases
知识要点1　blame v．责怪，指责；把……归咎于n.(坏事或错事的)责任；责备
(教材P53)　The extinction of the Pinta Island tortoise is blamed on humans.
平塔岛龟的灭绝要归咎于人类。
[例]　How can I blame him？It wasn't intentional.
我怎么能怪他呢？那又不是有意的。
[知识拓展]
blame sb. for sth./doing sth. 为某事责备某人/责备某人做了某事
blame sth. on sb. 把某事归咎于某人
be to blame (for...) 某人应该被谴责；应负责任(表示被动)
put/lay the blame for sth. on sb. 把某事归咎于某人
accept/bear/take the blame for sth. 对某事负责任
[即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子
①Some people blame the smartphone ___ the tragedy，yet in fact people's weakening self control and self discipline are ________ (blame)．
②Don't always blame your own failure __ others.You should take the blame ___ it.
③The woman passenger and the bus driver ____________ for the serious accident.
女乘客和公共汽车司机都应对这次严重事故负责。
[小片段填空]
He ______________ the serious mistake，but he ____________ others.In fact，it is he，not others，that _______________ it.
他因这个严重错误受到了责备，但他把它归咎于别人。事实上，是他，而不是别人，应对此负责任。
知识要点2　decline vi.下降；减少；衰退；拒绝；谢绝n.下降；衰退；衰退期
(教材P53)　After goats in particular had been brought to the island，the Pinta Island tortoise population declined.
特别是山羊被带到岛上后，平塔岛龟的数量下降了。
[例]　The company reported a small decline in its profits.
公司报告其利润略有减少。
[知识拓展]
(1)decline(from...)to... (从……)下降/减少到……
decline by 下降/减少了……
decline doing/to do sth. 婉言拒绝做某事
(2)fall into (a) decline 开始衰落，衰弱下去；走下坡路
a decline in ……的下降
in decline/on the decline 在下降，在衰退
[即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子
①With all doctors' efforts，the total number of patients has been __ the decline，now many mobile cabin hospitals(方舱医院)have been shut down.
②Government spending this year is estimated to decline __ approximately 2%.
③The town fell ____ a decline after the mine closed.
④When asked for comment，the spokesperson ______________________ anything about the matter.
当被问及评论时，发言人拒绝对此事发表任何评论。
知识要点3　be native to源于……的，原产于……
(教材P55)　Look at the pictures of the species native to different regions of China.
看这些图片，这些物种原产于中国的不同地区。
[例]　The tiger is native to India.
这种虎产于印度。
[知识拓展]
(1)a native of... ……本地人，产于……的动物(植物)
(2)native language/tongue 本国语，本族语，母语
one's native land/country 某人的故乡/祖国
[即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子
①By studying the bones，scientists further concluded that Waitaha penguin was once a native __ New Zealand.
②Many rare animals and plants are native __ this small island.
③China is our ______________，and Chinese is our _______________．
中国是我们的祖国，汉语是我们的母语。
知识要点4　detect v．发现，察觉(尤指不易察觉到的事物)
(教材P56)　When another bean plant detects the chemicals from its injured neighbour，it starts to release its own，different chemicals.
当另一棵豆秧察觉到从它受伤的邻居身上释放出的这些化学物质时，它开始释放自己的不同化学物质。
[例]　The dentist detected no decay in her teeth.
牙科医生检查了她的牙，没有发现龋齿。
[知识拓展]
(1)detect sb. doing sth. 发现某人正在做某事(坏事)
(2)detective n. 侦探
detection n. 侦查，发现，发觉
escape/avoid detection 躲过探测
[即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子
①Last year the _________(detect) rate for car theft was just 13%.
②The _________(detect) was trying to winkle information out of her.
③The boy was detected ________(steal) apples from the orchard.
④By flying low，the plane _______________ detection by enemy radar.
那架飞机低空飞行，以免被敌人的雷达发现。
知识要点5　link vt.&n.把……联系起来；连接
(教材P57)　 This fungal network links the roots of different plants to each other.
这种真菌网络把不同植物的根相互连接起来。
[例]　Scientists wonder whether there is a link between the two species.
科学家想知道这两个物种之间是否有关联。
[知识拓展]
link...to/with 把……连接/联系起来
link up (with sb./sth.) (与某人/某物)连接(尤指使某 事物同步运作)；连接(计算机、广播系统等)
be linked to 与……有关联，与……有联系
[即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子
①We should link theory ____ practice.
②The two spacecraft will link __ in space.
③He believed that these creatures _____________ a common ancestor，an animal that lived in Asia some 300，000 years ago.
他认为，这些动物与一个共同的祖先相关联，该动物生活在约30万年前的亚洲。
Sentence Pattern
重点句式　be said to据说……
(教材P56)　Alexander the Great and Marco Polo were said to have visited such a tree in India.
据说亚历山大大帝和马可·波罗曾在印度参观过这样一棵树。
句式分析：sb./sth. is said...是一个被动语态的谓语形式，常译为“据说……”，此结构中被动语态的谓语动词后总是跟一个不定式。
[例1]　He was said to have lost his will to live.
据说他已经失去了生存的意志。
[例2]　They are said to control large parts of the east and south of the country.
据说他们控制了该国东部和南部的大片地区。
[知识拓展]
(1)本句型中的不定式可用一般式、进行式或完成式，分别表示与谓语动词动作同时发生或在其后发生的动作或状态、与谓语动词动作同时发生的进行动作或在谓语动词动作之前发生的完成动作。
(2)类似句型：
sb./sth. is believed/thought/hoped/reported to do sth.
＝It is believed/thought/hoped/reported that...人们相信/认为/希望/据报道……
[即学即练]　单句语法填空/同义句转换
①He is said to __________ (write) another novel about the same theme.
②She is said to _________ (go) abroad.
③America ___________ (report) to declare war on Iran likely.
④It is reported that over 50 people lost their lives in the big fire.
→Over 50 people are reported ____________ their lives in the big fire.
【参考答案】
阅读理解
1—5　ADBCC
Words and Phrases
知识要点1 ①for; to blame ②on; for ③are to blame [小片段填空] was blamed for; blamed it on; is to blame for
知识要点2 ①on ②by ③into ④declined to say/saying
知识要点3 ①of ②to ③native country; native language
知识要点4 ①detection ②detective ③stealing ④avoided/escaped
知识要点5 ①with ②up ③are linked to
Sentence Pattern
①be writing ②have gone ③is reported ④to have lostUnit 5　Revealing nature
Understanding ideas
速读P50－51教材课文，完成下列任务：
Ⅰ.阅读判断
判断下列句子提供的信息是正确，还是错误，还是没有提及。
1．The captain of the ship，the Beagle，was Charles Darwin.
A．Right.　　　B．Wrong.　　　C．Not mentioned.
2．Darwin began his trip on the Beagle after he completed his degree.
A．Right.　　　B．Wrong.　　　C．Not mentioned.
3．In 1831，people believed that all species had appeared on Earth at the same time.
A．Right.　　　B．Wrong.　　　C．Not mentioned.
4．When Darwin reached the Galápagos Islands，he raised the question：how did different species come to exist
A．Right.　　　B．Wrong.　　　C．Not mentioned.
Ⅱ.补全信息
选择正确选项填入空白处，补全所给句子提供的信息。
A. that living things，including humans，had evolved from lower forms of life
B．that more and more people started to believe his theory
C．that the finches had evolved from a common ancestor
D．that he would be “a disgrace to yourself and all your family”
E．what food was available on that particular island
F．how did different species come to exist
1．What's more，he had recently received a letter from his father predicting ________．
2．As he studied these，he asked himself the question：________？
3．It seemed their beaks had evolved according to ________．
4．Darwin suspected ________，which had arrived on the islands a long time before.
5．Many people refused to believe ________．
6．But Darwin's scientific studies were so convincing ________．
Ⅲ.表格填空
A Journey of Discovery
Begin his journey Darwin，who was 1.__________ by rocks，plants and animals，began his journey on the ship of the 2.______ in 1831.
Generate ideas When he was in South America，he collected samples of plants and animals. As he studied the samples he raised the 3.________：how did different species come to exist？
Look for evidence In 4.____，when he arrived at the Galápagos Islands，the 5._____ interested him most，and he found there was a 6.__________ between the finches on each of the islands，which seemed their 7._____ had evolved according to the food on the island.
Develop ideas Darwin 8._________ the finches had evolved from a common ancestor arriving on the islands a long time ago.
Propose a theory His completely new idea of 9._________ was explained in his book，On the Origin of Species，which caused a 10._____ to the people.
细读P50－51教材课文，完成下列任务：
Ⅰ.主旨匹配
(　　)1.Para.1 A．Develop ideas.
(　　)2.Para.2 B．Propose a theory.
(　　)3.Para.3 C．On his journey.
(　　)4.Para.4 D．Answered the call of the captain.
(　　)5.Para.5 E．Generate ideas.
(　　)6.Para.6 F．The greatness of his book.
(　　)7.Para.7 G．Look for more evidence.
Ⅱ.单项选择
1．What can you know from the passage
A．The captain thought highly of Darwin.
B．Darwin is the only one to answer the call of the captain.
C．Darwin performed well when he was in college.
D．Darwin's father didn't support Darwin's journey.
2．Which of the following didn't attract Darwin
A．Rocks. B．Plants. C．Travel. D．Animals.
3．How did new species of plants and animals exist
A．They appeared on Earth at the same time.
B．They evolved to adapt to the changing environment.
C．People's activities affected their changes.
D．They evolved from different ancestors.
4．Why did people feel shocked by Darwin's theory
A．Because of its newness.
B．Because it was not convincing.
C．Because Darwin succeeded in travelling abroad.
D．Because Darwin discovered many new species.
5．What kind of person was Darwin according to the passage
A．Humorous and clever.
B．Intelligent and adventurous.
C．Knowledgeable and brave.
D．Ambitious and persistent.
Ⅲ.读后续写——描述心理活动
A．阅读文中含有描述心理活动的语句。
1．But Darwin began to think differently.
2．Darwin suspected that the finches had evolved from a common ancestor，which had arrived on the islands a long time before.
B．判断下列语句中哪个不是描述心理活动的。
1．The young man in question，Charles Darwin，was a geologist and naturalist，fascinated by rocks，plants and animals.
2．As he studied these，he asked himself the question：how did different species come to exist
【参考答案】
速读Ⅰ.1－4　BBAB
Ⅱ.1－6　DFECAB
Ⅲ. 1. fascinated 2. Beagle 3. question 4. 1835 5. birds 6. difference 7. beaks 8. suspected 9. evolution 10. storm
细读Ⅰ.1－5　DCEGA　6－7　BF
Ⅱ.1－5　DCBAD
Ⅲ.1Unit 5 Revealing nature
Using language
语法精讲
一、定义
过去完成时的动作需在过去某一时间之前发生，即发生在“过去的过去”。
When they got there, the ship had set off.
当他们到达那时，轮船已经起航了。
二、过去完成时的标志
【先感悟】
①We’ve already been introduced.
我们已经介绍认识了。
②We hadn’t learned 3,000 words by the end of last term.
到上学期末，我们还没有学到3 000个单词。
③The fire had been put off when the firefighters arrived.
消防队员到达时火已经被扑灭了。
④Had Tom left before I arrived
我到达之前汤姆就离开了吗
【善归纳】
找到句中使用过去完成时的依据或标志词
①__________________________________________________
②__________________________________________________
③__________________________________________________
④__________________________________________________
三、过去完成时的用法
1.【先感悟】
①By 5:00 yesterday morning we had done the work.
到昨天早上5点钟时，我们已经做完了那项工作。
②He had just finished sweeping the classroom when the teacher returned from the office.
老师从办公室回来时，他刚把教室打扫完。
③They had planted six hundred trees before last Wednesday.
在上周三之前，他们已经种了600棵树。
④I had finished reading the novel by nine o’clock last night.
昨晚九点钟我已经读完了这本小说。
⑤We had learned over two thousand English words by the end of last term.
到上学期末，我们已经学了两千多个英语单词。
⑥The train (had) started before I reached the station.
在我到达车站之前，列车已经开了。
⑦After he (had) arrived in England, Marx worked hard to improve his English.
马克思到达英格兰之后，努力提高他的英语水平。
【善归纳】
“已完成”的用法：
表示某一动作或状态在过去某一时间之前或过去某一动作之前已经完成。句中常用______引导时间状语或以_________________等词引导含一般过去时的时间状语从句。
名师点津
在包含before和after的复合句中，因为从句动作和主句动作发生的先后顺序已经非常明确，可以用一般过去时代替过去完成时。
2.【先感悟】
①Up to that time all had gone well.
直到那时一切都很顺利。
②John and Jane had known each other for a long time before their marriage.
约翰和简在结婚前就认识很长时间了。
③By the end of last year, he had worked in the factory for twenty years.
到去年年底，他已经在工厂工作了二十年。
【善归纳】
“未完成”的用法：
表示一个动作或状态在过去某一时刻之__________就已经开始，一直持续到这一过去的时间，还可能再继续下去。
3.【先感悟】
①He had intended to help you but he had no time then.
他本打算帮助你的，但当时没有时间。
②I expect that I had been an intern in that company.
我希望我已经是那个公司的一名实习生。（我并不是那个公司的实习生）
③If I had taken your advice, I would have got a good grade in the exam.
如果我听取了你的建议，我将会在考试中取得好的成绩。（had taken表明过去我没有采取建议）
④Honestly, if only I had studied in university.
说真的，要是我在大学学习多好！（事实上我没有，与现实相反）
⑤I wish I had been awarded the prize in the sports meeting.
我希望我在运动会上被授予了奖励。（事实上获奖不存在）
【善归纳】
“虚拟性”的用法：过去完成时有时表示未实现的打算、希望、愿望或想法的意味，常用动词有_____________________________________________等；或用在__________________引导的虚拟语气中。
4.【先感悟】
①I had hardly/no sooner got home when/than the rain poured down.
=Hardly/No sooner had I got home when/than the rain poured down.
我刚到家，大雨就倾盆而下。
②It was ten years since we had had such a wonderful time.
我们有10年没这么高兴过了。
③It was the third time (that) he had left the key at home.
那是他第三次把钥匙落在家里了。
【善归纳】
①在“hardly/scarcely/barely… when…, no sooner… than…”等结构中，表示“刚刚……就……”。when和than从句里用一般过去时，主句用_____________，当否定副词位于句首时，要用__________，即“Hardly/Scarcely+had+主语+done+when+过去时”“No sooner+had+主语+done+than+过去时”。
②“It was/had been+一段时间+since从句”结构中，since 从句的谓语用____________。
③“That/It/This was the first/second… time+that从句”结构中，that 从句的谓语要用____________。
知识梳理
基础落实
重点单词
【写作词汇】
1. decline v. 减少
2. blame v. 责怪，指责；把……归咎于
3. worldwide adv. 遍及全世界
【拓展词汇】
1.primitive adj. 原始的，低等的→primitively adv. 原始地，低等地
2.characteristic n. 特征，特性→character n. 性格；特性；角色
重点短语
1. be blamed on 归咎于
2. so far 到目前为止
3. be native to 源于……的
4. be home to 为……的所在地；是……的家乡
重难探究
高频词汇
1. blame v. 责怪，指责；把……归咎于
(1)blame sb. for (doing) sth. 因（做）某事责备某人
blame sth. on sb. 把某事归咎于某人
be to blame (for) 应（对……）负责任，某人应该（因……）被谴责
(2)put/lay the blame for sth. on sb. 把某事归咎于某人
accept/bear/take the blame for sth. 对某事负责任
名师点津　
be to blame短语中blame不能用被动形式，该短语为主动形式表示被动含义。
例：I can’t help but blame myself for the mistake, feeling a deep sense of guilt and regret.
我忍不住为这个错误责怪自己，感到深深的内疚和遗憾。
2. decline vi.下降；减少；衰退；拒绝；谢绝 n.下降；衰退；衰退期
(1) decline (from…) to… （从……）下降/减少到……
decline by 下降/减少了……
(2) decline to do sth. 婉言拒绝做某事
(3)fall into (a) decline 开始衰落；走下坡路
a decline in ……的下降
in decline 在下降，在衰退
on the decline 衰退中
例：When asked if I could pay him for his help, he shook his head instantly and politely declined my offer.
当被问到我是否可以为他的帮忙付钱时，他立刻摇了摇头，礼貌地拒绝了我的提议。
【参考答案】
语法精讲
二、过去完成时的标志
【善归纳】
①already　
②by the end of last term
③when… arrived
④before… arrived
三、过去完成时的用法
1.【善归纳】
by；before, when, until
2.【善归纳】
前
3.【善归纳】
intend, expect, hope, suppose, think, want, mean, plan；if, wish, as if, if only
4.【善归纳】
①过去完成时，部分倒装
②过去完成时
③过去完成时Unit 5 Revealing nature
Writing
感知文体常识
本单元的写作任务是写一篇观察日志。被观察的对象可以是植物的生长过程和生长周期，如水仙花、向日葵、黄豆、绿豆等；也可以是动物的成长过程和生活习性等。观察日志中要用语言文字把被观察对象呈现在读者面前，同时表达自己对它的喜爱之情。因此写作时要抓住它的主要特点，成长过程的关键期，以及从中获得的乐趣、启迪或者帮助。
【篇章结构】
牢记写作素材
（一）增色词汇
1. growth conditions of the plant 植物生长条件
2. a hole large enough 一个足够大的洞
3. put the soil back in the hole 把土回填到洞里
4. up to 20 feet in length 长度达20英尺
5. select proper seeds 挑选合适的种子
6. a light application of fertilizer 使用少量的肥料
7. begin to grow rapidly 开始快速地生长
8. put some seeds into a basin 把一些种子放进一个花盆
9. grow out of the soft soil 从松软的土壤中长出来
10. watch the growth process 观察生长的过程
（二）精彩句型
1. Do you have an experience of planting a kind of plants
你有过种植植物的经历吗
2. Let me share with you the process about my experience of growing watermelons.
让我分享我种植西瓜的经历给你。
3. I once lived in the countryside and planted some garlic in the garden.
我曾经在乡村住过，在菜园里种过大蒜。
4. Check to see if there are any local requirements about digging.
检查当地是否有关于挖掘的要求。
5. Take a suitable shovel and dig a hole that is 4-5 times the width of the root ball.
用一把合适的铲子挖一个比根球宽3~4倍的洞。
6. Use the garden cultivator to loosen the dirt all around the hole to make it easier for the roots to spread.
用园艺耕耘机把洞周围的泥土弄松软，使根部更容易散开。
7. Seeing the flowers, I was too excited to express my feelings.
看到这些花，我太兴奋了以至于不能表达我的感受。
8. I can’t wait to show my grandparents the fruit trees I have planted.
我迫不及待地给祖父母看我种的果树。
9. No pains, no gains.
不劳无获。
10. Having been watered every day with a proper amount of water, they gradually grow to a size which looks like a small tree, with lush green leaves spreading out in all directions.
每天用适量的水浇水后，它们逐渐长到一棵小树的大小，郁郁葱葱的绿叶四散开来。
11. As spring approaches, the trees begin to send forth tender buds.
随着春天的到来，树上开始长出嫩叶。
12. It takes about eight weeks to root, but the seed hasn’t come up yet.
生根大约需要八周，但种子还没长出来。
写作示例
【写作要求】
请根据下面所给图片，用英语写一篇观察日记，描述花生(peanut)的生长过程。内容包括:
1. 播种及发芽阶段（播种时间在4月初，图①和图②）;
2. 生长及发育阶段（5~6月，图③和图④）；
3. 成熟及结果阶段（7~8月，图⑤）。
【审题谋篇】
【遣词造句】
1. 词汇
(1)__________________________播种
(2)__________________________在土壤中
(3)__________________________种子发芽
(4)__________________________长大
(5)__________________________长成叶
(6)__________________________随着时间的推移
(7)__________________________n. 茎
(8)__________________________开花
(9)__________________________生成花生
(10)__________________________adj. 成熟的
2. 句式
(1)要点翻译
①首先，我们把剥好的花生种在泥土里。
First, we ______________________________ after shelling the peanuts.
②大约一周后，花生发芽。
About one week later, we can see _____________________________.
③嫩芽不断生长。很快，它们长成叶。
The tender sprouts ___________________________. Soon, they __________________.
④随着时间的推移，在五月，茎上长出更多的叶，它们能接收更多阳光来使植物生长。
____________________, more leaves grow from the stem in May, in order to receive more sunlight to keep the plants growing up.
⑤大约一个月后，开出黄花，这意味着花生正在土壤里长成。
About a month later, yellow flowers _______________, and this means young peanuts ____________________in the soil.
⑥在7、8月份，当花落时，土壤中的嫩花生成熟。
In July and August, the young peanuts ____________________in the soil ____________________.
(2)句式升级
⑦用it作形式主语改写句②
_______________________________________________________________________________⑧用with的复合结构改写句④
_______________________________________________________________________________⑨用非限制性定语从句或现在分词作状语改写句⑤
_______________________________________________________________________________【妙笔成篇】
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
【参考答案】
【遣词造句】
1. 词汇
(1) plant the seeds
(2) in the soil
(3) sprouts grow out of the seeds
(4) grow up
(5) grow into leaves
(6) as time goes by
(7) stem
(8) come out
(9) produce peanuts
(10) mature
2. 句式
(1)要点翻译
①sow the seeds in the soil
②sprouts grow out of the seeds
③keep growing up; grow into leaves
④As time goes on
⑤come out; are being produced
⑥become mature; when the flowers fall
(2)句式升级
⑦It takes about one week for us to see sprouts grow out of the seeds.
⑧With time going on/by, more leaves grow from the stem in May, in order to receive more sunlight to keep the plants growing up.
⑨About a month later, yellow flowers come out, which means/meaning young peanuts are being produced in the soil.
【妙笔成篇】
It is the right time to sow peanuts in early April every year. First, we sow the seeds in the soil after shelling the peanuts. It takes about one week for us to see sprouts grow out of the seeds.
The tender sprouts keep growing up. Soon, they grow into leaves. With time going on/by, more leaves grow from the stem in May, in order to receive more sunlight to keep the plants growing up. About a month later, yellow flowers come out, which means young peanuts are being produced in the soil.
In July and August, the young peanuts become mature in the soil when the flowers fall. When the peanuts become mature enough, we dig them out and make them into all kinds of delicious foods.

展开更多......

收起↑