资源简介

Developing ideas
课文助读
阅读P20－P21教材中的材料，选出最佳选项
1．What did Khloe Thompson start making “Kare Bags” for
A．Saving money. B．Helping homeless people.
C．Managing his money. D．Buying gifts.
2．Jerry gave his grandchildren three jars first except ________．
A．spending B．saving
C．giving D．investing
要点直击
Words and Phrases
　appropriate adj.恰当的，合适的 vt.占用；挪用
(教材P17)　Use the past perfect passive where appropriate.
在适当的时候使用过去完成时的被动语态。
[例1]　Now that the problem has been identified，appropriate action can be taken.
既已找出问题的症结，可采取适当行动。
[例2]　He was accused of appropriating club funds.
他被控盗用俱乐部资金。
[造句]　现在发表演讲是不是时候？
_________________________________________________
[知识拓展]
be appropriate for/to　 适合，合乎
appropriate sth. for sth. 为……拨款
It is appropriate that... (that从句用should do形式，should可省略)
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①It is clearly not appropriate ______ a student to litter and scribble about.
②Five million dollars has been appropriated ______ research into the disease.
　promote vt.促进，增进；提升；促销
(教材P19)　Discuss how to promote values education at your school using the words and expressions in this section.
使用本节中的词汇和表达方式，讨论如何在你的学校促进价值观教育。
[例1]　You don’t have to sacrifice environmental protection to promote economic growth.
不必为了促进经济增长而牺牲环境保护。
[例2]　I was promoted to editor and then editorial director
我先是被提升为编辑，然后又晋升为编务总监。
[造句]　这次会议讨论了如何开展这种新产品的推销工作。
_________________________________________________
[知识拓展]
promote sth. as sth. 把……推广为……
promote sb. from sth.to sth. 把某人从……提升到……
promotion n. 提升，晋升；促销
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①Charles has been promoted _____ general sales and marketing manager.
②His job is the discovery and ___________(promote) of new artists.
　in contrast to相比之下
(教材P20)　In contrast to these big spenders，there are also teens that prove age is no barrier to making good use of money.
与这些挥金如土的人形成鲜明对比的是，也有十几岁的孩子证明，年龄并不是善用金钱的障碍。
[例1]　In contrast to his brother，he was always considerate in his treatment of others.
与他的兄弟不同，他在处理和别人的关系时总是很周到。
[例2]　In contrast to this，a “young” culture lies in America.
与此相反，在美国存在着一种“新兴”文化。
[造句]　与我以往的印象相反，这里的气氛一点都不紧张。
_______________________________________________________________
[知识拓展]
contrast v． 对照；使成对比 n．对比，对照
contrast with 和……比起来；和……成对照
be a contrast to 和……成对比
in contrast 与……相反；对比之下
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①The poet’s rough life contrasts ______ his sensitive poetry.
②The work you did today is quite a contrast ______ what you did last week.
③______ contrast，the lives of girls in well to do families were often very sheltered.
　in control of控制
(教材P21)　It was from then on that his grandchildren started to be in control of what to do with the money they receive: spend，save，invest or give
从那时起，他的孙子孙女们就开始控制着如何处理他们所得到的钱：花、存、投还是给？
[例1]　They had wholly ceased to be in control of it.
他们已经完全停止了对这事的控制。
[例2]　Most people think they are in control of their careers.
大多数人认为职业生涯在自己的掌控中。
[造句]　你完全可以控制好你个人的习惯，你的身体，你自己的生活。
_______________________________________________________________
[知识拓展]
be/get out of control 失去控制
lose control of 失去对……的控制
under control 得到控制；控制中
in/under the control of 在……控制下；受……管理/控制
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①He was angry，but with everybody present，he kept his temper _____ control.
②Humanity has been under _____ control of a power for some time.
【参考答案】
课文助读
1－2　BD
要点直击
[造句]Is now an appropriate time to make a speech
[即学即练] ①for ②for
[造句]The meeting discussed how to promote this latest product.
[即学即练]①to ②promotion
[造句]In contrast to my previous impression，the atmosphere here is not tense at all.
[即学即练] ①with ②to ③In
[造句] You are fully in control of your own habits，your own body，and your own life.
[即学即练] ①under ②theUnderstanding ideas—Language points
Words and Phrases
　security n．安全
(教材P14)　The top four negative aspects of social media as ranked by Chinese users are: reduced time for reading printed books，poorer eyesight，privacy and information security concerns，and reduced sleep time.
按中国用户排名，社交媒体的四大负面因素是：阅读印刷书籍的时间缩短、视力恶化、隐私和信息安全问题以及睡眠时间缩短。
[例1]　They carried out security checks at the airport.
他们在机场实行了安全检查工作。
[例2]　The immediate security threat has disappeared.
眼前的安全威胁已不复存在了。
[造句]　他们加强了边境的安全工作。
________________________________
[知识拓展]
secure 　　　 adj.稳定的，无忧无虑的
vt.使安全；保卫
be secure against/from 没有……的危险
be secure of 对……有把握；确信
feel/be secure about/as to 对……觉得放心
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①Now my house is secure __________ burglary.
②I feel secure ______ my future.
③We need __________(shift) the focus of this debate.
　switch v．(用开关)改变，转换 n．开关，改变，转变
(教材P14)　With the detox now finished，they’ve switched on their devices and they’re back online.
随着脱瘾的结束，他们打开了设备，又重新上线了。
[例1]　Which switch do I press to turn it off
我按哪个开关就能把它关了？
[例2]　Press these two keys to switch between documents on screen.
按这两个键就可以在屏幕上的文件之间进行切换。
[造句]　最后两门考试的日期调换了。
___________________________________
[知识拓展]
switch on(＝turn on) 把开关打开；接通
switch off(＝turn off) 把……关掉；关上
switch over 转换频道；转变
switch...to... 把……转换为……
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①Shall we switch ______ another channel
②Switch ______ the computer，please. I want to play computer games.
③Don’t forget to switch ______ all the lights before leaving the office.
　motivate v．激发，激励
(教材P14)　I bet you’re as eager as I am to find out just how many have been motivated enough to last the full seven days!
我敢说你和我一样急切地想知道到底有多少人受到足够的激励坚持了整整七天！
[例1]　She’s very good at motivating her students.
她非常擅长激励她的学生。
[例2]　I know it sounds corny，but I’m really not motivated by money.
我知道这听起来是陈词滥调，不过金钱真的激励不了我。
[造句]　可能这个会激励你努力学习！
________________________________________
[知识拓展]
motivate sb. to do sth. 激励某人做某事
motivation n. 动力，提供动机
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①This article is going to motivate you __________ (exercise) more.
②We do not have imagination or __________ (motivate)．
　occupy v.占领，占据；占用(时间、空间、面积等)；使忙于；(使)全神贯注
(教材P14)　But on reflection，I can see how much of my time had been occupied with checking my phone.
但经过深思熟虑，我可以看出我有多少时间都在忙于查看我的手机。
[例1]　The hospital bed is occupied by his wife.
那张病床由他妻子占用。
[例2]　Many men still occupy more positions of power than women.
许多男性仍比女性占有更多的权力职位。
[造句]　锻炼器材或办公室的家具不应该占用这间房子。
__________________________________________________
[知识拓展]
(1)occupy oneself with/in sth. 使自己忙于某事
(2)occupied adj. (人)无暇的；忙碌的；
(物)在使用中；已占用；不空闲
be occupied with sth./in doing sth.
忙于(做)某事
(3)occupation n. 职业
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①A teacher should occupy himself _______ education as well as with teaching.
②_______ (occupy) in looking after three children at home，she no longer has time to enjoy the various activities in the club.
③Please fill in the form stating your __________ (occupy)．
[小片段填空]
His __________ is a cleaner. The whole morning he __________ cleaning the stones which __________ the whole road.(occupy)
　access n．接近或进入之路；接触的机会，权利
(教材P15)　I knew there was a party happening that evening，but without access to social media I couldn’t remember where it was!
我知道那天晚上有个聚会，但是不使用社交媒体，我记不起它在哪里！
[例1]　The only access to the farmhouse is across the fields.
去那个农舍的唯一通道是穿过田野。
[例2]　You need a password to get access to the computer system.
使用这个计算机系统需要口令。
[造句]　学生必须有机会使用好的资源。
_______________________________________
[知识拓展]
access to...　　 进入……的通道
get/have/gain/obtain access to...
有权进入……，有权使用……
accessible adj. 可到达的，可接近的，可用的，可进入的
be accessible to... 对……而言容易接近/进入
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①The court gave him access ______ his child at weekends.
②The information is there and waiting to be __________(access) by anyone here.
　make full use of充分利用
(教材P15)　My brother thought I should make full use of the time without my phone...
我哥哥认为我应该充分利用没有手机的时间......
[例1]　Have you found the best way to make full use of the materials
你找到了充分利用这些材料的最好方法了吗？
[例2]　We must strive to seize and make full use of every opportunity to improve ourselves.
我们必须努力抓住和充分利用生活中的每一个机会来提高自己。
[造句]　既然你有了这个机会，你可以充分的利用它了。
_____________________________________
[知识拓展]
make the best use of 尽量利用
make good use of 好好利用；合理利用
make little use of 没有很好利用
be of great use 很有用
go out of use 不被使用；废弃
be in use 在使用中
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①First of all，if we work hard，we can make good use ____ our talents.
②I’m sure my major would be ____ great use for the position.
③The irrigation canals that have fallen into disrepair are still ____ use.
　other than除了，而非
(教材P15)　After reading the posts on this forum，it seems that something other than money has also been raised through the detox.
看完这个论坛上的帖子，似乎也有人通过脱瘾筹集到了钱以外的一些东西。
[例1]　She makes no reference to any feminist work other than her own.
除了自己的，她没有提及其他女权主义著作。
[例2]　She has no close friends other than him.
除了他以外她没有好朋友。
[造句]　如果是这样的话，我除了向你说声对不起，已经不知道该做些什么了。
_____________________________________
[知识拓展]
rather than 而不是
or rather 更确切地说
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①I met him very late on Friday night， ____ rather，early on Saturday morning.
②Does anybody ____ than yourself know this
③I decided to send an e mail rather ____ telephone.
　rely on依赖，依靠；信赖
(教材P15)　Awareness of just how much we rely on social media can help us step away from it and communicate with each other better.
意识到我们对社交媒体的依赖程度可以帮助我们远离社交媒体，更好地相互沟通。
[例1]　We had to rely on a compass and a lot of luck to get here.
我们不得不依靠指南针和不错的运气找到这儿来。
[例2]　He can rely on my support when the crunch comes.
关键时刻，他可以依靠我的支持。
[造句]　我不知道是否能信任他，不过我愿冒一次险。
______________________________________________
[知识拓展]
rely on＋n./doing... 指望/依靠……
rely on sb./sth. doing/to do... 指望……做……
rely on it that... 指望……
同义短语：depend on/upon，count on/upon
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①Not having found a better way，we had to rely on him ______ (be) the interpreter.
②The success of this project relies on everyone ______ (make) an effort.
③You can rely on ______ that it will rain tomorrow.
Sentence Patterns
　with复合结构
(教材P14)　With the detox now finished，they’ve switched on their devices and they’re back online.
随着脱瘾的结束，他们打开了设备，又重新上线了。
句式分析：句中With the detox now finished为with复合结构作伴随状语，其构成为：with＋宾语＋宾补。
[例1]　I sat in my room for a few minutes with my eyes fixed on the ceiling.
我在房间坐了一会儿，眼睛盯着天花板。
[例2]　She had to walk home with her bike stolen.
自行车被偷，她只好步行回家。
[知识拓展]
with的复合结构主要用来说明附带情况或具体细节，在句中可作原因、方式、条件或伴随状语等，有时也可作定语。其构成形式主要有：
(1)with＋宾语＋形容词
(2)with＋宾语＋副词；
(3)with＋宾语＋介词短语；
(4)with＋宾语＋动词的现在分词，表示动作正在进行且宾语与动词是主动关系；
(5)with＋宾语＋动词的过去分词，表示动作已经发生且宾语与动词是被动关系；
(6)with＋宾语＋动词不定式，表示动作还未发生。
[翻译]
①_________________________________ (有那位老人带路)，we got to the top of the mountain easily.
②The village is beautiful _________________________________ (树木都披上了银装)．
③_________________________________ (有那么多的工作要做)，he went to the factory ahead of time.
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①You can eat cleanly and healthily with your hands ________ (wash) before meals.
②With the crowds _________ (cheer)，they drove to the palace.
③With no one _________ (talk) to，John felt miserable.
　make复合结构
(教材P15)　The detox made me healthier!
脱瘾使我更健康！
句式分析：本句中made me healthier是“make＋宾语＋宾补”结构；本句用形容词作宾补。
[例1]　The news made him very happy.
这消息使得他非常高兴。
[例2]　Internet makes our life easy and convenient.
因特网使我们的生活更加轻松方便。
[造句]　那可怕的气味使人们恶心。
_____________________________________
[知识拓展]
在“make＋宾语＋宾补”结构中除了形容词可以作宾语补足语外，不定式、过去分词、介词短语、名词或名词短语都可以作宾语补足语。
[翻译]
①Our teacher often makes us ___________________ (做一些额外作业)．
②The good news he told us ___________________ (使我们很高兴)．
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①He tries to make his ideas ________(know)．
②Though he had often made his little sister cry，today he was made _______(cry) by his little sister.
【参考答案】
Words and Phrases
[造句]They have tightened security along the border.
[即学即练] ①against ②about ③to shift
[造句]The dates of the last two exams have been switched.
[即学即练]①to ②on ③off
[造句]Perhaps this can motivate you to study hard!
[即学即练]①to exercise ②motivation
[造句] Exercise equipment or office furniture should not occupy this room.
[即学即练] ①with ②Occupied ③occupation
[小片段填空] occupation；was occupied in；occupied
[造句]Students must have access to good resources.
①to ②accessible
[造句]Now that you’ve got a chance，you might as well make full use of it.
[即学即练]①of ②of ③in
[造句]If it is the case，I cannot do anything other than say sorry to you!
[即学即练]①or ②other ③than
[造句] I don’t know if I can rely on him，but I’m willing to take a gamble.
[即学即练] ①to be ②making/to make ③it
Sentence Patterns
[翻译]①With the old man leading the way ②with the trees covered with snow ③With much work to do
[即学即练] ①washed ②cheering ③to talk
[造句]The terrible smell makes people sick.
[翻译]①do some extra homework ②made us very happy
[即学即练]①known ②to cry故事反思
文体指导
本单元写作项目是写一篇故事反思，属于议论文写作范畴。
[基本框架]
1．开头(the beginning)——引出故事；
2．主体(the middle)——故事总结；
3．结尾(the ending)——阐述自己观点看法。
[常用词块]
1．an unforgettable experience一次难忘的经历
2．remind sb. of sth. 使某人想起某事
3．look back on the past回想往事
4．make a good impression on sb.给某人留下深刻印象
5．devote one’s spare time to do sth.利用某人课余时间做某事
6．show one’s determination表达某人的决心
[常用语句]
★精彩开头
1．There was a time when many people lived a hard life，without nothing to eat or wear.
曾经有一段时期人们过着困苦的生活，缺吃少穿。
2．This story tells of a young man through his own efforts，overcame various difficulties and finally achieved success.
这个故事讲述了一个年轻人通过自己的努力，克服各种困难最终取得成功。
★丰满主体
3．The little girl went through the forest，waded through the river，and found her own mother.
那个小女孩穿过森林，趟过小河，历尽险阻，找到了自己的亲生母亲。
4．The crow thought that taking a bath every day would make him as white as a swan. It came to the river and kept bathing.
乌鸦以为天天洗澡就能够变得像天鹅一样雪白。它来到河边不停地洗澡。
★余味结尾
5．After reading the story，what impressed me most was that we should never give up easily.
看完这个故事后，最让我印象深刻的是我们不应该轻易放弃。
6．I think it’s our duty to take good care of everyone.
我认为照顾好每一个人是我们的责任。
学以致用
暑假里你读了《老鼠的女儿》这个故事，从中得到很多思考。请根据提示写一篇读后反思：
1．老鼠爸爸想把女儿嫁给世界上最伟大的人，但是不知道谁是最伟大的人：太阳？乌云？风？
2．从故事中你得到的思考。
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【参考答案】
学以致用
【参考范文】
In this summer vacation，I read the story Mice daughter.
Mouse father wanted to marry his daughter to the greatest person in the world. But he didn’t know who was. So he asked Mr Sun，Mr Cloud，Mr Wind and Mr. Wall one by one. Finally, he knew the mouse was the greatest person in the world.
After reading the story I realized everyone has his own advantages and that we should be confident and not always think we are not as good as others.过去完成时的被动语态
语法精讲
[观察例句]
1．By nine o’clock last night，200 pictures had been sent from the spaceship.
2．My homework had been finished by 10：00 this morning.
3．She told me that the factory had been closed down.
4．I was told that the task had been finished before I got there.
[归纳用法]
一、构成形式
(1)过去完成时的被动语态的肯定式为：had ＋ been ＋ done。
(2)过去完成时的被动语态的否定式为：had ＋ not ＋ been ＋ done。
(3)过去完成时的被动语态的一般疑问式需将had提到主语的前面。
(4)过去完成时的被动语态的特殊疑问式为：疑问词 ＋ had＋ been ＋ done。
二、基本用法
过去完成时的被动语态常用于以下情况：
(1)表示过去某一时间以前已经完成的动作，常与by，before等引导的时间状语连用。
The work had been finished by five o’clock yesterday afternoon.
The classroom hadn’t been cleaned before the teacher came.
How many buildings had been destroyed when the hurricane ended
Had the new plan been discussed before the meeting
(2)用在 told，said，knew，heard，thought等动词之后的宾语从句中。
He said the production costs had been reduced.
The boy was reminded that his homework had not been handed in.
The media reported more than 1，000 people had been killed in the earthquake.
[即学即练]
用所给词的适当形式填空
①He did what he ________________(tell) to.
②The police finally recovered the paintings that _______________(steal)．
③He asked if Mary ____________ (send) to hospital.
冲关训练
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．Her keys ________________(leave) in the office so Hellen had to wait until her husband came home.
2．He woke up to find the work ________________(do) overnight.
3．The task ________________ (finish) before 12：00 yesterday.
4．He said that some factories ________________ (build) in the city.
5．I didn’t know that my watch ________________ (mend)．
Ⅱ.短文语法填空
I still remember last winter，when I woke up in the morning，it 1. ________________ (stop) snowing. Looking outside of the window，the snow on our lawn 2. ________________(clean) by my father. I closed the book that 3. ________________(borrow) from local library and went downstairs for breakfast. Then my little brother came to tell me that all his homework 4. ________________(finish)．During the breakfast，one of my best 5. _______ (friend) came to visit my family. She went to Australia last year. Before that she 6. _____________(prepare) for the examination of University of Sydney for half a year. During her study，she 7. _____________ (learn) the culture and professional knowledge in her field. By the end of last fall a novel about Maori 8. _____________ (finish) by her. When she was in Australia，together with her friends and classmates，she 9. _____________ (plan) to donate some money for the poor and the weak in China. So after her return，she went to Garze Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture to help the people in need. In total，100 people 10. _____________ (help) by her team by the end of last October
【参考答案】
语法精讲
[即学即练]
①had been told ②had been stolen ③had been sent
冲关训练
Ⅰ. 1．had been left 2. had been done 3. had been finished 4. had been built 5. had been mended
Ⅱ.1. had stopped 2. had been cleaned 3. had been borrowed 4. had been finished 5. friends 6. had prepared 7. had learned 8. had been finished 9. had planned 10. had been helped

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