资源简介

Understanding ideas—Language points
Words and Phrases
　drop in顺便拜访
(教材P26)　The bookstore, which was a legendary fixture in the neighborhood, was a place where anyone could drop in and connect through their love of books.
这家书店固定开设在附近，享有盛名，是一个任何人都可以因为爱看书而顺便进来并与他人建立良好关系的地方。
[例1]　She spent most of the day dropping in on friends in Edinburgh.
她一天的大部分时间都用来拜访在爱丁堡的朋友了。
[例2]　It’s improper to drop in on him so casually.
这样冒冒失失去找他可不好。
[造句]　在我下班回家的路上，我顺便到我叔叔家去看了看。
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[知识拓展]
drop in on sb. 顺便拜访某人
drop in at sp. 拜访某地
drop into a place 顺便去一个地方
drop out (of sth.) 退出；辍学
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①On the way to the suburbs, we dropped _____ a bookstore.
②He dropped in ___ some old comrades on his vacation trip to Beijing.
③He was at school at the age of 16 but dropped ___ a year later.
[小片段填空]
Tony dropped ___ and wandered around every day. One day on his way home, he dropped in ___ a restaurant to have lunch. Then he dropped in ___ his uncle.
　sympathy n．同情
(教材P26)　I tried to think of some words of sympathy, but I had to admit that the Rainbow Bookstore couldn’t stay in business much longer.
我试着想一些同情的话，但我不得不承认彩虹书店不能再继续经营下去了。
[例1]　I wish he’d show me a little more sympathy.
我多希望他能再体谅我一点。
[例2]　May we offer our deepest sympathies on the death of your wife.
我们谨对尊夫人去世表示最深切的慰唁。
[造句]　对你的痛苦我表示同情。
__________________________________________________
[知识拓展]
express/feel/have sympathy for sb.
　　　　　　 对某人表示同情
out of sympathy for 出于对……的同情
have no sympathy with 不同意(情)……
in sympathy with 支持……
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①He devoted himself to charity out of sympathy ____ the poor.
②The seamen went on strike in sympathy ____ the dockers.
③He has no sympathy ____ them in their suffering.
　furniture n．家具
(教材P26－27)　We spent hours reading, seated on the store’s old but comfortable furniture.
坐在店里老旧而舒适的家具上，我们花几个小时看书。
[例1]　Some of the furniture in this old house has been gnawed away by rats.
这所老房子里的一些家具已经被老鼠咬坏了。
[例2]　When she returned, she found Malcolm had rearranged all her furniture.
她回家时，发现马尔科姆把她所有的家具都重新摆放了。
[造句]　搬这些家具费了很大劲。
_____________________________________
[知识拓展]
(1) a piece of furniture　 一件家具
(2) furnish vt. 陈设；布置；装修；提供
furnish sth. with sth. 用……来布置……
furnish sb./sth. with sth.
＝furnish sth. to sb./sth. 为……提供某物
be furnished with 备有；安装有
(3) furnished adj. 配备家具的
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①She furnished him ___ the facts surrounding the case.
②Eleanor moved into a small ________(furnish) apartment.
　for good 永远
(教材P27)　It made me realise that the bookstore and all that Old Casey had given to the community could soon disappear for good.
这让我意识到书店和老凯西曾经给予社区的一切可能很快就会永远消失。
[例1]　A few shots of this drug cleared up the disease for good.
注射几次这种药物就根除了这种疾病。
[例2]　Keegan announced he was hanging up his boots for good.
基冈宣布自己将挂靴，永远退出足坛。
[造句]　要不停地提醒自己，这不会永世长存的。
_____________________________________________
[知识拓展]
do good to sb.＝do sb. good 对某人有好处
It is no good doing sth. 做某事没有用处/好处
be good for 对……有益
as good as 和……几乎一样
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①Regular outdoor exercise does good ___ your health.
②It is no good _______(try) that method, because it won’t work.
③It is not good ____ him to take any wine, but he drank far too much last night.
　take over接管；掌管
(教材P27)　The campaign had been led by Jennifer Oakley, a saleswoman who had grown up in the neighborhood and who had now taken over the bookstore from Casey.
这场运动是由詹妮弗·奥克利领导的，她是一位在附近长大的女售货员，现在已经从凯西手中接管了书店。
[例1]　In 1966, Pastor Albertz took over from him as governing mayor.
1966年，帕斯特·艾伯茨接替他担任主管市长。
[例2]　She decided that I was the ideal person to take over the job.
她认定我是接手这份工作的最佳人选。
[造句]　已经派人来接替他的工作。
________________________________________
[知识拓展]
take up 　 占去(时间/空间)；从事……；拿起；改短(衣服)
take off 脱(衣服)；起飞；成名
take in 吸入；领会；包含；收留(某人)
take away 拿走；把……带走；剥夺
take back 收回(说过的话)
take down 写下；记下
take on 呈现；雇用
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①The reporter took ______ every word of the speech.
②I could hardly take ______ what you said.
③The village has taken ______ a new look thanks to the good economic policies from the government.
　pop up 突然出现，冒出来
(教材P27)　I joined Casey, who was looking up at the screen on which readers’ comments kept popping up.
在书店里我与凯西相见，他在看着屏幕上不断出现的读者评论。
[例1]　She was startled when Lisa popped up at the door all smiles.
莉萨突然笑容满面地出现在门口时，她吓了一跳。
[例2]　You solved one problem and another would immediately pop up.
你解决完一个问题，另一个问题又会马上冒出来。
[造句]　如果鼠标移动到用户名处，下方将会弹出一张卡片。
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[知识拓展]
make up 弥补；构成；编造；组成
clear up 清理；整理；放晴；收拾
dry up 干涸；枯竭；干透；干瘪
turn up 开大；出现；来到；找到
go up 上升；上涨；建起；增长
set up 设立；建立；创立；树立
take up 占去；开始从事；占据；拿起
send up 发射；发出；射出；呈递
think up 想出；发明；设计出；编造
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①They’re going to send ___ another man made satellite next year.
②It all depends on the weather clearing ____．
　compete v．比赛；竞争
(教材P28)　Traditional bookstores can’t compete with large bookstore chains.
传统书店无法与大型连锁书店竞争。
[例1]　Several companies are competing for the contract.
为得到那项合同，几家公司正在竞争。
[例2]　He’s hoping to compete in the London marathon.
他期盼着参加伦敦马拉松比赛。
[造句]　学校之间不应该相互竞争，也不应该企图挖走彼此的学生。
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[知识拓展]
(1)compete in　 参加竞争；参与……比赛
compete with/against sb.in sth.
在……方面与……竞争
compete for... 为……而比赛/竞争
(2)competitor n. 竞争者；对手
competition n. 竞争
competitive adj. 竞争的
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①They found themselves competing _______ foreign companies for a share of the market.
②The stores have to compete _______ customers in the Christmas season.
[小片段填空]
Many firms ____________ each other _____ their products. This firm had better products than its __________, so it came first in the ___________.(compete)
Sentence Patterns
　where引导定语从句
(教材P26)　The bookstore, which was a legendary fixture in the neighbourhood, was a place where anyone could drop in and connect through their love of books.
这家书店固定开设在附近，享有盛名，是一个任何人都可以因为爱看书来而顺便进来，并与他人建立良好关系的地方。
句式分析：句中which引导非限定性定语从句，修饰先行词the bookstore；where引导定语从句，修饰先行词a place，相当于at which。
[例1]　This is the village where I was born.
这就是我出生的小村庄。
[例2]　We have reached the point where a change is needed.
我们已经到了需要改变的地步。
[造句]　这是我们曾经住过的地方。
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[知识拓展]
当先行词是表示地点的名词时，用关系副词where还是that/which引导定语从句，关键要看关系词在定语从句中作何种成分。若关系词在从句中充当状语，则用where引导；若关系词在从句中充当主语或宾语，则用which或that引导。
[即学即练]
①This is the house ______ he lived last year.
②This is the house _______ he visited last year.
　现在分词作定语
(教材P27)　It had a café selling organic food, and there were now more community events such as...
它有一家卖有机食品的咖啡馆，现在有更多的社区活动，如……
句式分析：句中selling organic food是现在分词短语作定语，修饰a café，与a café之间是主谓关系。
[例1]　The bottle containing the poison was sent to the laboratory.
盛毒药的瓶子被送到实验室。
[例2]　The girl waiting a letter is our teacher’s daughter.
正在等一封信的那个女孩是我们老师的女儿。
[造句]　照看孩子的妇女通常按月得到报酬。
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[知识拓展]
现在分词作定语和所修饰的名词之间是主动关系；过去分词作定语和所修饰的名词之间是被动关系。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①Those __________(elect) as committee members will attend the meeting.
②The people __________(work) with me treat me like their friend.
③Local people __________(invite) to attend a meeting are very pleased to share their experiences of hospital services.
【参考答案】
Words and Phrases
[造句]
On my way home from work I dropped in at my uncle’s house.
[即学即练]
①into ②on ③out
[小片段填空]
out；at；on
[造句]
I wanted to express my sympathies on your sufferring.
[即学即练]
①for ②with ③with
[造句]
It took a lot of energy to move the furniture.
[即学即练]
①with ②furnished
[造句]
Just keep telling yourself that it won’t last for good.
[即学即练]
①to ②trying ③for
[造句]
A new person has been appointed to take over his work.
[即学即练]
①down ②in ③on
[造句]
If the mouse is moved to the user’s name, a card will pop up below it.
[即学即练]
①up ②up
[造句]
Schools should not compete with each other or attempt to poach pupils.
[即学即练]
①with ②for
[小片段填空]
compete with；in；competitors；competition
Sentence Patterns
[造句]
This is the place where we used to live.
[即学即练]
①where ②which/that
[造句]
Women looking after small children usually get paid by the month.
[即学即练]
①elected ②working ③invited过去进行时的被动语态
[观察例句]
1．Two of the glasses were broken when they were being washed.
2．We had to take another way because the road was being repaired.
3．This road was being built this time last year.
4．I was being asked to the party that time.
[归纳用法]
一、过去进行时的被动语态的构成
1．过去进行时的被动语态的肯定式为：was/were＋being＋done。
In one area，a book reading was being delivered.
在书店的一个地方正在进行一个读书发布会。
2．过去进行时的被动语态的否定式为：was/were＋not＋being＋done。
The movie star was not being stalked by a fan this time yesterday.
昨天这个时候那个电影明星正在被一个粉丝跟踪。
3．过去进行时的被动语态的一般疑问式需将was/were提到主语的前面。(回答用yes或no)
Was a new library being put up in their school just then
他们学校当时正在建一座新图书馆吗？
4．过去进行时的被动语态的特殊疑问式为：疑问词＋was/were＋(主语)＋being＋done。
What was being done to the machine
当时对这台机器在采取什么措施？
二、过去进行时的被动语态的用法
过去进行时的被动语态表示过去某个时刻正在进行的被动动作。
Another bridge was being built over the Changjiang River then.
那时长江上正在建造另一座大桥。
Trees were being planted by them this time yesterday.昨天这个时候他们正在植树。
[即学即练]　用所给词的适当形式填空
①A meeting _______________(hold) when I was there.
②The college _______________(build) this time last year.
【参考答案】
[即学即练]
①was being held ②was being built描写变化
文体指导
本单元写作项目是描写变化的文章，属于说明文的写作范畴。
[基本框架]
1．开头(the beginning)——总体描述；
2．主体(the middle)——具体描述；
3．结尾(the ending)——阐述自己观点/看法。
[常用词块]
1．great changes have taken place发生了巨大变化
2．during the last few years在过去的几年里
3．attract more travellers吸引更多的游客
4．take on a new look呈现新面貌
5．be covered with green trees被绿树覆盖
6．do harm to environment对环境有害
[常用语句]
★精彩开头
1．My school has drastically changed over the past ten years.
我的学校在过去十年里发生了翻天覆地的变化。
2．With the growing popularity of Internet surfing in China, the quality of our lives is improving.
随着上网在中国的日益普及，我们的生活质量正在提高。
★丰满主体
3．In the past, people kept in touch with each other mainly by writing letters or using the public telephone.
过去，人们主要通过写信或公用电话保持联系。
4．What’s more, people have easy access to the Internet, which enables them to send and receive e mails whenever they like.
更重要的是，人们可以方便地访问互联网，这使得他们可以随时收发电子邮件。
★余味结尾
5．With these changes, people’s pace of life has been quickened and people’s work has been made more efficient.
这些变化加快了人们的生活节奏，提高了人们的工作效率。
6．In a word, people have an easier life nowadays.
总之，当今人们过着舒适的生活。
学以致用
请根据下面的表格，写一篇关于通信业今昔对比的短文。词数80左右。
项目 过去 现在
通信 方式 人们主要通过书信，电报联系，少数人用电话联系。 人们通过电子邮件、电话、传真(fax)联系。
通信 质量 联系不方便。 通过电子邮件、手机(mobile phone)，方便快捷。
购买 价格 电脑、手机太贵，用不起。 现在电脑、手机价格便宜，手机成为人们必备的通信工具。
使用 收费 电报、电话费昂贵。 打电话、上网收费大幅下降。
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【参考答案】
学以致用
【参考范文】
In the past, people contacted each other mainly by letter and telegraph, while telephone wasn’t widely used. People used to find communication neither easy nor cheap.
Now, the development of technology has brought great changes in people’s ways of communication. Besides letters, telegraph, we have other ways of communication, such as email, mobile phone, fax, as well as the Internet. To people’s joy, the computer and mobile phone which used to be rather expensive are now so cheap that mobile phone has become a must for people. What’s more, the fees of communication has greatly gone down.

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