资源简介

Developing ideas—Language points
Words and Phrases
　division n．分开；分歧，分裂；分割；分界线；除(法)
(教材P44)　Now it was up to the living to remove not only the divisions between North and South, but the boundaries between black and white...
现在不仅要由活着的人来消除南北之间的隔阂，还要消除黑人和白人之间的界限……
[例1]　I taught my daughter how to do division at the age of six.
女儿6岁时我就教她如何做除法了。
[例2]　Unequal distribution of wealth may cause division in society.
财富分配不均会引起社会的分裂。
[造句]　这条河是这座城新旧两部分的分界线。
___________________________________________________________
[知识拓展]
divide v．　 划分；分配；隔开；(数)除
divide sth. into... 把……分成……
divide sth. among/between...and... 在……中间分配某物
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①A novel can be divided ______ chapters.
②All expenses are to be equally divided _________ you and me.
　be engaged in忙于/从事(做)……
(教材P45)　Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation, or any nation, so conceived, and so dedicated, can long endure.
现在，我们正在进行一场伟大的内战，考验这个国家，或任何一个如此构想、如此献身的国家，是否能够长期存在。
[例1]　We are now engaged in a great and most glorious cause, never undertaken by our forefathers.
我们正在做我们的前人从来没有做过的极其光荣伟大的事业。
[例2]　He is engaged in doing his French exercises.
他正忙于做法语练习。
[造句]　她致力于保护野生鸟类的工作。
__________________________________
[知识拓展]
be engaged with sth. 从事某事；忙于某事
get/be engaged to sb. 与某人订婚
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①At present I’m engaged _______ the revision of my dictionary.
②Phili got engaged ___ the girl when travelling last winter.
【参考答案】
[造句]
The river forms the division between the old and the new parts of the city.
[即学即练]
①into ②between
[造句]
She was engaged in protecting wild birds.
[即学即练]
①with ②toit作形式主语
[观察例句]
1．It is difficult for a foreigner to learn Chinese.
2．It’s kind of you to help me.
3．It is no use talking to him about it.
4．It is a mystery to me how it all happened.
5．It is believed that the flood there is the biggest in 100 years.
[归纳用法]
it作形式主语时没有具体的意义，只是帮助把真正的主语移到句子后面去，使句子显得平衡。it作形式主语时，真正的主语通常是不定式短语、 ing短语或主语从句。
一、不定式短语作真正的主语，常用于下列句型中：
It ＋ be ＋形容词 ＋ (for/of sb.) to do sth.
It ＋ be ＋ 名词 ＋ to do sth.
It takes sb. some time to do sth.干……花了某人……时间
It’s up to sb. to do sth.干……是某人的职责或义务
It is everyone’s duty to obey the law.
遵守法律是每个人的义务。
It took them a year to build the bridge.
建这座桥花了他们一年的时间。
It is bad manners to stare at people.
盯着人看是不礼貌的。
It is up to us to help those in need.
帮助那些有困难的人是我们的责任。
[名师点津]
在“It＋be＋形容词＋for/of sb. to do sth.”句型中，如果形容词描述的是sb.，则应用介词of；如果描述的是to do sth.就用for。
It’s necessary for us to use a short wave radio to pick up the programmes.
我们用一台短波收音机收听这些节目是必要的。
It’s important for us to learn English well.
学好英语对我们来说是重要的。
It was foolish of him to give up the job. (＝ He was foolish to give up the job.)
他放弃那工作是愚蠢的
[即学即练1]　用所给词的适当形式填空
①It is not up to you ______(tell) me how to do my job.
②It is not right ______(use) these places as rubbish dumps.
③It was nice of them ________(invite) us.
二、 ing短语作真正主语的情况远不及不定式短语那么普遍，常限于no good, no use, useless, waste等词的后面。
It is no good/ use having a car if you can’t drive.
有车如果不会开是没有用处的。
It is a waste of time watching TV.
看电视是浪费时间的。
It is no use asking him.
问他没有用。
[即学即练2]　用所给词的适当形式填空
①It’s no good ______(take) over the experience of foreign countries uncritically.
②It’s no use ______(cry) over spilt milk.
③It is worth ______(make) an appointment before you go.
三、用it作形式主语，主语从句作真正主语的常见句型有：
1．It is a pity/ a shame/ a fact/ an honour/ good news/ no wonder/ a wonder... that...
It was a pity that the engineer couldn’t come.
可惜工程师没能来。
It is a wonder that he continues to gamble when he always loses!
令人惊讶的是他一直输还一直赌。
(It is) no wonder (that) you were late!
难怪你来晚了！
It is a shame that the rain spoiled our picnic.
真可惜，这场雨把我们的野餐给搅了。
It is a fact that English is being accepted as international language.
英语被认为是国际语言，这是一个事实。
2．It is ＋ 形容词(如： strange/ natural/ surprising/ obvious/ true/ fortunate/ wonderful/ funny/ possible/ impossible/ likely/ unlikely/ clear/ unusual/ certain/ important...)＋that...
It is certain that he will win.
他一定会取胜。
It is important that we should learn from each other and help each other.
我们应当互相学习，互相帮助，这是很重要的。
It was obvious that the child had been badly treated.
很显然那个孩子受过虐待。
It is likely that he will ring me tonight.
他今晚可能给我打电话。
It is doubtful whether she will be able to come.
她能否来还很难说。
3．It seems/ happened/ turned out/ suddenly struck me/ occurred to me...that ...
It happened that I wasn’t there that day.
恰好那天我不在那里。
It seems that his idea is more practical.
看起来他的意见更实际一些。
4．It ＋ be ＋ 过去分词(如：said/ reported/ announced/ decided/ expected/ hoped/ known/ believed...)＋that...
It is hoped that the number of deer will greatly increase very soon.(＝People hope that the number of deer will greatly increase very soon.)
人们希望鹿的数目会很快增加。
It is reported that more than twenty people were killed in that bus accident.
据报道在那次的公共汽车事故中有二十多人丧生。
[即学即练3]　用适当的代词填空
①It is known ______ he is one of the best teachers in our school.
②It suddenly occurred to me ______ I knew how to solve that problem.
③It is strange ______ he should have left without telling us.
【参考答案】
[即学即练1]
①to tell ②to use ③to invite
[即学即练2]
①taking ②crying ③making
[即学即练3]
①that ②that ③that演讲稿
文体指导
本单元写作项目是写一篇演讲稿，属于应用文文体。
[基本框架]
1．开头(the beginning)——提出问题；
2．主体(the middle)——分析问题；
3．结尾(the ending)——简要总结。
[常用词块]
1．compare with 同……比较
2．be suitable to适合于……
3．draw a conclusion 得出结论
4．provide with 提供……
5．contribute to有助于
6．more than非常
[常用语句]
★精彩开头
1．It’s a great honor for me to stand here and give my speech.
我很荣幸站在这里演讲。
2．The topic of my speech is “Thoughts becoming a grow up”．
我演讲的主题是“思想成长”。
3．It’s nice for me to talk about friendship here.
我很高兴在这里谈论友谊。
★丰满主体
1．As a child, I always hoped that I could grow up as soon as possible so that I could have whatever I wanted and do whatever I liked.
小时候，我一直希望我能尽快长大，这样我就可以随心所欲，为所欲为。
2．I think it is of vital importance because our society is faced with the increasing danger of lack of energy.
我认为这是至关重要的，因为我们的社会正面临着日益严重的能源缺乏的危险。
3．When we help classmates with their study and other things, not only can we develop our friendship but also we can build up a harmonious society.
当我们帮助同学们学习和其他事情时，我们不仅可以发展我们的友谊，而且可以建立一个和谐的社会。
★余味结尾
1．Thank you for your listening. 感谢你的聆听。
2．I strongly suggest trying our best to be admitted into a key university.
我强烈建议尽力考上重点大学。
3．I think it is of great benefit for us English learners.
我认为它对我们学英语者非常有益。
学以致用
你所在的班级将要举办一次主题为“What Can We Do for Our School？”的英语演讲比赛。请写一篇英语演讲稿，要求从以下四方面中任选一至二个进行阐述，并举例加以说明。
1．关心他人；2. 美化校园；3. 爱护学校设施；4. 营造良好的学习氛围。
注意： 1. 不要出现学校真实校名和本人姓名；
2．词数80左右；
3．开头和结尾已经写好，但不计入总词数。
参考词汇：爱心love and care；校园campus；设施facilities；氛围environment
What Can We Do for Our School
Hello, everyone. It’s nice to speak about what we can do for our school, and I think each of us can do something. ________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
Thank you for listening!
【参考答案】
【参考范文】
What Can We Do for Our School
Hello, everyone. It’s nice to speak about what we can do for our school, and I think each of us can do something.
The first thing we can do is to make our campus more beautiful. Every one of us may plant a tree in the school. We can also form a good habit of putting the rubbish in the trashcan. The second thing we can do is to protect the facilities in our school. When we leave the classroom, we should never forget to turn off the light or close the door. We should not leave the tap water running.
If everyone does one thing for our school, I believe we will turn our school into a better place to study and live in.
Thank you for listening!

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