资源简介

Developing ideas—Language points
Words and Phrases
　comparison n．比较；对比
(教材P56)　Data, examples and comparisons are then used to support the main ideas.
然后，使用数据、示例和比较来支持主要观点。
[例1]　Comparison with other oil producing countries is extremely interesting.
与其他石油生产国作比较是很有意思的。
[例2]　It is difficult to make a comparison with her previous book—they are completely different.
这很难与她以前的书相比——两者是截然不同的。
[造句]　二者不能相比。
_____________________________________
[知识拓展]
(1)by comparison 比较起来；相比之下
by/in comparison (with sb./sth.) (与……)相比较
(2)compare to/with 和……相比
compare...to... 把……比作……
compare...with... 把……和……比较
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①We in China also like to compare young people _____ flowers, as they are full of vigor and new ideas.
②Those places are modern _____ comparison with Tresillian.
③We carefully compared the first report _____ the second.
　apparently adv.据说；看来，似乎；显然地
(教材P57)　For the first criterion, Shennongjia is apparently one of the most “complete” natural areas in the world.
作为第一个标准，神农架显然是世界上最“完整”的自然区域之一。
[例1]　Apparently the girls are not at all amused by the whole business.
显然女孩们觉得整件事情一点也不好笑。
[例2]　The recent deterioration has been caused by an apparently endless recession.
看似永无止境的经济衰退导致了最近的恶化。
[造句]　巴特斯比先生显然没有注意到他们在场。
___________________________________________________________
[知识拓展]
apparent adj.　　 显而易见的；显然的；表面上的
It is apparent that... ……是很显然的。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①It was apparent from her face ______ she was really upset.
②Then, for no ______(apparently) reason, the train suddenly stopped.
　(教材P59)greeting n．问候，招呼；致意；祝贺
[例1]　They exchanged greetings and sat down to lunch.
他们相互致意后便坐下吃午饭。
[例2]　I waved and called to her, and she returned my greeting.
我向她挥手打招呼，她也对我报以问候。
[造句]　我走近时，她对我点了点头打招呼。
________________________________________
[知识拓展]
greet vt. & vi.　 迎接；问候
greet sb. with sth. 用……欢迎/问候某人
greetings n. 问候语；寒暄语；祝辞；贺辞
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①How I want to greet _______ you, and sit down, chatting.
②They exchanged _______ (greeting), compared notes on their wives and families, and finally got down to business.
Sentence Pattern
　现在分词作结果状语
(教材P57)　The region rises from about 400 metres to over 3，000 metres above sea level, giving it the name the “Roof of Central China”．
这一地区从海拔400米左右上升到3 000米以上，因此得名“华中屋脊”。
句式分析：句中giving it the name the “Roof of Central China”是现在分词短语，在句中作结果状语。
[例1]　He died, leaving his wife with five children.
他死了，留下他妻子和五个孩子。
[例2]　The child fell, striking his head against the door and cutting it.那孩子跌倒了，头碰在门上磕破了。
[造句]　他更为经常地给花园里的花浇水，结果反而更糟。
___________________________________________________________
[知识拓展]
作为结果状语的现在分词短语所表示的都是谓语动词的直接结果，是意料中的结果。不定式作结果状语通常表示的是一个未曾料到的不愉快的结果。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①European football is played in 80 countries, _______ (make) it the most popular sport in the world.
②Tom got to the station only _______ (find) the train had gone.
③He lifted a rock only _______ (drop) it on his own feet.
【参考答案】
Words and Phrases
[造句]
There is no comparison between the two.
[即学即练]
①to ②by ③with
[造句]
Mr. Battersby was apparently quite unconscious of their presence.
[即学即练]
①that ②apparent
[造句]
As I approached, she gave me a nod of greeting.
[即学即练]
①with ②greetings
Sentence Pattern
[造句]
He watered the flowers in the garden more often, only making things worse.
[即学即练]
①making ②to find ③to dropUnderstanding ideas—Language points
Words and Phrases
　multiply v．(使)大大增加，(使)倍增；乘；(使)繁殖
(教材P50)　Loose on the island, they did what rabbits do best—they multiplied rapidly and began eating the native vegetation and digging holes, which caused soil erosion.
在岛上自由自在，它(兔子)们尽其所能——迅速繁殖，开始吃当地的植被并挖洞，造成水土流失。
[例1]　The children are already learning to multiply and divide.
孩子们已经开始学习乘法和除法了。
[例2]　Their problems have multiplied since last year.
自去年以来，他们的问题倍增。
[造句]　在实验室里繁殖这些细菌是可能的。
______________________________________________
[知识拓展]
multiple adj. 多种多样的
multiple choice 多项选择
multiplicity n. 多种多样
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①The driver of the crashed car received ________ (multiply) injuries.
②We are all amazed at the ________ (multiply) of the nature.
　in turn轮流，依次；反过来
(教材P50)　This in turn led to more cats hunting the birds.
这反过来又导致更多的猫捕鸟。
[例1]　The girls took it in turn to wipe down the tables after meals.
女孩子们饭后轮流擦桌子。
[例2]　The students were summoned in turn to be interviewed.
学生依次被召入进行面试。
[造句]　反过来，这些也会影响你的工作效率。
______________________________________________
[知识拓展]
take turns to do sth./in(doing) sth. 轮流做某事
It’s one’s turn to do sth. 轮到某人做某事
take one’s turn 依次，轮到某人
by turns 轮流，依次
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①It’s your turn ________(recite) the passage.
②We take turns to make /in making dinner.
＝We make dinner by ________(turn)．
[名师点津]
(1)in turn表示“轮流；反过来”，而in return (for)则表示“作为(对……)的回报”。
(2)by turns和take turns中的turn用复数形式。
　decrease v．(使)减少；(使)变小 n．减少；降低
(教材P51)　But although the virus caused the rabbit population to decrease from 130，000 to around 10，000, it also meant less food for the cats.
尽管病毒导致兔子数量从13万只减少到1万只左右，但也意味着猫的食物减少了。
[例1]　This species of birds is decreasing in numbers every year.
这种鸟的数量在逐年减少。
[例2]　There has been some decrease in military spending this year.
今年的军费开支有所减少。
[造句]　人们应减少脂肪的摄入量。
______________________________________________
[知识拓展]
(1) decrease in sth. (在某方面)降低，减少
decrease to 减少到
decrease by 减少了
(2)on the decrease 在减少
(3)increase v．& n. 增加，提高
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①A local newspaper remarks that crime is ____ the decrease.
②The traffic accidents in the city decreased ____ 30% last year.
③The population of China has increased ____ about 1.4 billion.
　trap vt.使困住；诱捕；诱骗；坑害 n．圈套；陷阱；诡计；夹子
(教材P51)　In the 1980s, traps and dogs were used to catch the cats.
上世纪80年代，人们用陷阱和狗来捕猫。
[例1]　We became trapped by the rising floodwater.
我们被上涨的洪水困住了。
[例2]　We realized too late that we were caught like rats in a trap.
等我们发觉自己已成瓮中之鳖时已经太晚了。
[造句]　我不愿让他以为我是在给他设圈套。
_____________________________________________
[知识拓展]
(1)be/get trapped in 被困在……中
trap sb. into (doing) sth. 使某人陷入……的圈套；使上当
(2) fall into the trap of doing sth. 掉进……的陷阱
fall/walk into a trap 掉进陷阱
(3)set/lay a trap for 为……设圈套
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①The shopkeeper trapped me into ______(buy) their poor quality milk.
②Don’t fall ______ the trap of investing all your money in one place.
③The old man was trapped ______ the burning house at that moment.
　(教材P51)It turned out that they developed an immunity to the virus, and their numbers exploded once again.
结果他们对病毒产生了免疫力，他们的数量再次激增。
(1)turn out 结果是；证明是
[例1]　Cosgrave’s forecast turned out to be quite wrong.
科斯格雷夫的预测最后证明是大错特错。
[例2]　Sometimes things don’t turn out the way we think they’re going to.
有时事情并不像我们认为的那样发展。
[造句]　结果发现我认识那个中枪的人。
______________________________________________
[知识拓展]
turn up 出现，到达；开大，提高，增加；找到，发现
turn off 扭转(开关、水龙头等)，关掉(煤气、自来水等)
turn on (扭转开关)打开(自来水)，开(煤气、灯、电视等)
turn in 转身进入；交出
turn to (向某人)求助；注意；翻到(……页)
turn down (扭转形状等)调小(煤气等)，关小，调小(收音机等的声音)；拒绝
turn over 翻过来，翻转
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①The car was turned _______ and the driver seriously injured.
②Be calm and sit tight and everything will turn _______ well.
③Please remember to turn _______ all the lights when you leave.
④She turned ____ every offer of help.
[小片段填空]
The party was almost over, but Jane still didn’t turn _____．Tom was very disappointed. He didn’t know why Jane didn’t turn _____ his invitation if she didn’t want to come. He turned _____ the bottles on the tables, and the rest guests left the hall in shock. Tom turned _____ all the lights in the hall, _____ the hall _____ a world of darkness. No one could imagine how upset he was!
(2)explode v．爆炸，爆发；激增；勃然大怒
[例1]　They were clearing up when the second bomb exploded.
他们在清理时第二颗炸弹爆炸了。
[例2]　Do you fear that you’ll burst into tears or explode with anger in front of her
你害怕在她面前突然大哭或勃然大怒吗？
[造句]　旅游季节人数暴涨至4万。
________________________________________
[知识拓展]
(1)explode with 因(愤怒)而发作
explode into 爆发出……
explode into laughter 哄堂大笑
(2) explosion n. 爆炸；爆发；激增
explosive adj. 易爆炸的；爆炸性的
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①Are you about to explode ______ excitement
②Stress can build up and explode ______ problems.
③Highly ______ (explode) gas is naturally found in coal mines.
　owe v．应该做；对……负有……的义务；欠(债)；感激；归功于
(教材P51)　... but we humans owe it to the island to give it a happy ending.
……但我们人类有义务给这个岛一个幸福的结局。
[例1]　The country owes billions of dollars to foreign creditors.
这个国家欠外国债权人数十亿美元。
[例2]　The play owes much to French tragedy.
这部戏颇受法国悲剧的影响。
[造句]　他对我太好了，我永远也还不清这份人情。
________________________________________
[知识拓展]
owe sb. sth. 欠某人某物
owe...to... 把……归功于……
owing to 由于
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①_______ (owe) to the rain, they could not come.
②He owes his good health _______ his regular life.
③I owe an apology _______ him.＝I owe him an apology.
Sentence Patterns
　nor倒装句
(教材P50)　Nor would they fail to imagine how its native inhabitants, including royal penguins, king penguins, and elephant seals, existed in perfect harmony with their natural habitat for thousands of years.
他们也会去想象岛上的栖息动物，包括皇家企鹅、王企鹅和象海豹，是如何与自然栖息地和谐共存数千年的。
句式分析：本句是一个部分倒装句，nor置于句首，句子用部分倒装，因此would提前，表示“……也不”。
[例1]　She has no experience in typing, nor does the skill interest her.
她没有打字经验，那种技术也引不起她的兴趣。
[例2]　You can’t cancel the contract, nor can anybody else.
你不能撤约，任何人都不能。
[造句]　他没再去过，也没写信致歉。
________________________________________
[知识拓展]
so＋助动词/连系动词be/情态动词＋主语：意为“……也一样”，表示前面的情况也适合另一个人或物，此时该句为倒装句；so＋主语＋助动词/连系动词be/情态动词：意为“……确实如此”，表示词意前面的说法，此时该句不是倒装句。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①They finished their homework， ______ did I.
②I like English. So ______ (do) Jack.
　it强调句
(教材P50)　It’s a tragic story that began in 1810 when humans arrived on the island.
这是一个悲惨的故事，始于1810年人类来到岛上。
句式分析：本句是一个强调句，强调主语a tragic story。
[例1]　It was in May that you can see this kind of flower.
你在五月可以看到这种花。
[例2]　It is science fiction that the boy loves to read.
这个男孩爱看的是科幻小说。
[造句]　引起观众们兴趣的是这个年轻人怎样学会了五种外语。
___________________________________________________________________________
[知识拓展]
(1)强调结构的陈述式为“It is (was) ＋ 被强调部分 ＋ that (who)...”。该结构可用于强调主语、宾语、状语等，但不能强调谓语动词。该句式中用that或who的区别是：当被强调的指人时，用that或who均可；当被强调的不是指人时，则只能用that(注意不用which)。
(2)一般疑问句的强调结构就是将be提到句首，即使用“Is/Was it＋ 被强调部分 ＋that/who...”。特殊疑问句的强调结构句型为“疑问词(Who/What/When/Where/Why/How)＋is/was it that...”这样的形式。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①It was I _______ saw Tom in the park this morning.(强调主语)
②It is not who is right but what is right _______ is of importance.
【参考答案】
[造句]
It is possible to multiply these bacteria in the laboratory.
[即学即练]
①multiple ②multiplicity
[造句]
This in turn will also have a negative impact on your productivity.
[即学即练]
①to recite ②turns
[造句]
People should decrease the amount of fat they eat.
[即学即练]
①on ②by ③to
[造句]
I would hate him to think I’m trying to trap him.
[即学即练]
①buying ②into ③in
(1) [造句]
It turned out that I knew the person who got shot.
[即学即练]
①over ②out ③off ④down
[小片段填空]
up down over off turning into
(2)[造句]
The population explodes to 40，000 during the tourist season.
[即学即练]
①with ②into ③explosive
[造句]
He was so good to me that I can never repay the debt I owe him.
[即学即练]
①Owing ②to ③to
Sentence Patterns
[造句]
He never went again, nor did he write to apologize.
[即学即练]
①so ②does
[造句]
It was how the young man had learned five foreign languages that attracted the audience’s interest.
[即学即练]
①who/that ②that起草演讲报告
文体指导
本单元写作项目是起草一篇演讲报告，属于演讲稿写作范畴。
[基本框架]
1．开头(the beginning)——主题介绍；
2．主体(the middle)——原因分析；
3．结尾(the ending)——概括总结。
[常用词块]
1．result in导致
2．let alone更不用说
3．aroused their interests引起兴趣
4．play an important part in起重要作用
5．in conclusion总之
6．account for the reason解释原因
[常用语句]
★精彩开头
1．Today I will talk about the purposes of surfing the Internet among senior students.
今天我要谈谈高中生上网的目的。
2．Last week, we conducted a survey among all the students in our school on the time they spent in sleeping every day.
上周，我们就每天的睡眠时间对全校学生进行了调查。
★丰满主体
3．A report made recently suggests that one fourth of the people think that to raise children is the duty of their parents and so children needn’t express any gratitude to them.
最近的一份报告表明，四分之一的人认为养育孩子是父母的责任，所以孩子不必对他们表示任何感激。
4．However，students who disliked it complained there were too many new words and difficult sentences，making the texts difficult to understand.
然而，不喜欢的学生抱怨说，生词太多，句子太难，使课文难以理解。
★余味结尾
5．In my opinion，when in trouble we’d better ask our teachers，parents，friends or classmates for help.
在我看来，遇到困难时，我们最好向老师、家长、朋友或同学求助。
6．As far as I am concerned，effective measures should be instantly taken to help students to spend more time on sleep.
在我看来，应该立即采取有效措施来帮助学生获得更多的休息时间。
学以致用
你班同学在英语课上讨论毕业班学生是否可以把课本留给下一届学生使用这一问题。假如你是小组长，请根据小组讨论的记录用英语写一份报告，陈述自己的看法或建议。报告要点如下：
Advantage Disadvantages
可以节省资源，减少浪费 教材内容经常更新
节约家庭开支 不能在书上作笔记
西方国家普遍采用此作法 ……
注意：
1．报道必须包括所有要点，适当增加细节，使内容连贯、完整。
2．报道的开头部分已写好，只需接着写，不记入总字数；
3．词数80左右。
Is Recycling Textbook a Good Suggestion
On behalf of our group, I’d like to give a brief summary of our discussion on the topic “Is Recycling Textbook a Good suggestion？” ____________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
【参考答案】
学以致用
【参考范文】
Is Recycling Textbook a Good Suggestion
On behalf of our group, I’d like to give a brief summary of our discussion on the topic “Is Recycling Textbook a Good Suggestion？” As we know, when high school students graduate their textbooks are thrown away, which are still in good condition. What a great waste it is!
Some students in my group agree to recycle textbooks. For one thing, it can save money and natural resources. For another, in western countries, recycling textbooks is very popular. However, some have different opinions, for the content of the textbooks are often renewed. In addition, students can’t make notes in the textbooks.
I think it’s a wonderful idea because it will do good to both the country and the families.形式宾语
[观察例句]
1．Tom feels it difficult to learn Chinese.
2．He found it useless (no use) arguing with him.
3．Employers like it when their employees get along well and get the job done.
4．I find it amazing that they’re still together.
5．I’ll see to it that everything is ready in time.
[归纳用法]
一、it作形式宾语时，真正的宾语是不定式短语、 ing短语或宾语从句
1．it代表不定式短语
I find it pleasant to work with him.
我觉得和他一起工作很愉快。
They felt it difficult to finish the work in such a short time.
他们认为在这么短的时间内完成这项工作是困难的。
She thinks it her duty to help us.
她认为帮助我们是她的责任。
2．it代表 ing短语( 这只限于少数句型，在多数情况下用不定式短语)
The professor considers it no good reading without understanding.
这位教授认为阅读而不理解没有益处。
Do you consider it any good trying again
你觉得再试会有好处吗？
He thought it absolutely senseless attempting the impossible.
想做不可能的事情，他认为是完全没道理的。
3．it代表that引导的宾语从句
We all thought it a pity that the conference should have been cancelled.
会议取消了我们都感到很遗憾。
I took it for granted that they were not coming.
我想当然地认为他们不会来了。
I find it strange that she doesn’t want to go.
她居然不想去，我觉得奇怪。
【特别提醒】　上述句中it的后面需要有名词或形容词作宾语补足语。
[即学即练1]　用所给词的适当形式或适当的代词填空
①I think it my honor _____________(invite) to speak here.
②All these noises made it impossible for me ______(go) on with the work.
③I don’t think it worthwhile _______(go) to such a place.
④I took it for granted _______ he would help us.
二、it用作形式宾语时，真正的宾语是宾语从句
1．it用在hate，like，dislike，can’t bear，can’t stand等之后，代表when引导的宾语从句。
I hate it when people cry.
我厌烦别人哭。
I like it when you do that.
我喜欢你那样做。
2．it用在depend on，see to等短语动词后，代表that引导的宾语从句。
Depend on it that we won’t give up.
请相信，我们决不会放弃。
Can you see to it that the fax goes this afternoon
你能确保今天下午就把传真发出去吗？
【特别提醒】　上述句中it的后面均不需要宾语补足语。
[即学即练2]
①He disliked it _______ she behaved badly before his mother.
②See to _____ that you’re ready on time!
③She can’t stand ____ when she is kept waiting.
【参考答案】
[即学即练1]
①to be invited ②to go ③going ④that
[即学即练2]
①when ②it ③it

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