资源简介

Developing ideas—Language points
Words
　comprehension n．理解(力)
(教材P8)How anyone could be formed in such a way was beyond her comprehension.
她无法理解怎么会有人长成这样。
[例1]　The teacher set the class a comprehension test.
老师对全班同学进行了一次理解力测验。
[例2]　She has no comprehension of the seriousness of the situation.
她丝毫不了解形势的严峻。
[造句]　我不理解他为什么自己不能做。
____________________________________
[知识拓展]
reading comprehension 阅读理解力
be beyond/ above one’s comprehension 难理解的；不可理解的
be low of comprehension 理解力迟钝的
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①The problem is _________ my comprehension.
②The boy is low ___ comprehension，so don’t shout at him.
　motive n．(尤指隐藏的)动机，原因，目的
(教材P10)When comparing and contrasting characters in a narrative，consider their appearance，actions，and motives.
在比较和对比故事中的人物时，要考虑他们的外表、行为和动机。
[例1]　Greed was his only motive for stealing.
贪婪是他盗窃的唯一动机。
[例2]　There seemed to be no clear motive for the attack.
这次袭击似乎没有明确动机。
[造句]　他讲这个寓言故事是有用意的。
________________________________
[知识拓展]
motive for　　　　　 ……的动机/原因/目的
motive in (doing) sth. 在……方面的动机
motive behind ……背后的动机
leading motive 主要动机
[即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子
①What was their motive ____ setting fire to the building
②There may be a hidden motive ___ his departure.
③There is no doubt about _________________ all.
这一切背后的动机是毋庸置疑的。
Sentence Pattern
　as though doing...
(教材P8)“But！”he said，as though hesitating whether to finish，“I am — I am deaf.”
“但是！”他说，好像在犹豫要不要把话说完，“我——我耳聋。”
句式分析：句中as though hesitating whether to finish为状语从句as though he hesitated whether to finish的省略形式。若as though/if引导的从句的主语与主句主语一致，且从句谓语为be，则省略“从句主语＋be”，从句就变成了“as though/if＋形容词/副词/名词/介宾短语/分词/不定式”。
[例1]　She pursed her lips together，as though fearing to betray her news.
她闭紧双唇，仿佛害怕透露出她的消息。
[例2]　The girl left the room hurriedly as if (she was)angry.
女孩匆忙离开房间，似乎生气的样子。
[造句]　他不时地转过身来，好像在找人。
____________________________________________________________
[知识拓展]
(1)as though/if意为“仿佛；好像”，引导方式状语从句或表语从句。
(2)as though/if后面的从句可用虚拟语气，表示一种假设或不大可能的事。从句表示与现在事实相反时，谓语动词用一般过去时；表示与过去事实相反时，用had＋过去分词；表示将来的可能性不大的情况时，用would/could/might＋动词原形。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子
①He talks about Rome as if he ____________ (be) there before.
②Tom raised his hand as if (he was) ____________ (say) something.
③She treats the orphan _________________________．
她对待这个孤儿就好像是自己的亲儿子一样。
【参考答案】
Words
[造句]
Why he can’t do it himself is beyond my comprehension.
[即学即练]
①above/beyond ②of
[造句]
He had some motive in telling this fable.
[即学即练]
①in ②for ③the motive behind it
Sentence Pattern
[造句]
From time to time，he turned round as if (he was) searching for someone.
[即学即练]
①had been ②to say ③as if/though he were her own sonUnderstanding ideas—Language points
Words and Phrases
　boost v．促进，推动 n．增加，促进，激励
(教材P2)Each “like” boosts my confidence.
每个“赞”都能增强我的自信。
[例1]　These changes will help to boost share prices.
这些变化将有助于提高股票价格。
[例2]　Encouraging your child’s talents can boost his confidence and slowly establish his confidence in other areas.
鼓励孩子的某项才能，能够提升他的自信，慢慢就能扩展他在别的方面的信心。
[造句]　我们需要休假以激发士气。
____________________________________
[知识拓展]
(1)boost to 提高到
boost sales 增加销售额
boost one’s confidence 增加某人的信心
(2)a boost in ……的增加
a boost to 对……的促进
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①The total was boosted ____ nearly ￡200 by donations from parents.
②With more cyclists on the roads，there has been a boost ____ bike sales over the past few months.
③No doubt，aid will be defended as a boost ____ global influence.
[小片段填空]
Amazon hopes that its cheap tablet will be wildly popular and therefore ①_________ of its cloud based content，just as the e reader ②_________ of e books.
　pretend v．假装，装作；自认为
(教材P2)People who pretend to be someone they are not tend to misjudge themselves.
自认为是个人物而其实不是的人往往会误判自己。
[例1]　He would ask who we were and pretend not to know us.
他会问我们是谁，假装不认识我们。
[例2]　The guest pretended to be enjoying the meal to show his politeness.
为了表示礼貌，这个客人假装吃得津津有味。
[造句]　他假装已经理解了句子的隐含意义。
_________________________________________________
[知识拓展]
pretend to do sth.　　 假装要做某事
pretend to be doing sth. 假装正在做某事
pretend to have done sth. 假装做了某事
pretend that... 假装……
[即学即练]　单句语法填空/句型转换
①We should never pretend _____ (know) what we don’t know.
②He pretended ________(do) his homework when his mother came in.
③The worker pretended that he had finished the work.
→The worker pretended _____________________．
[小片段填空]
She does not need a man who pretended ①_________ (love)，so you do not need to pretend ②_______ you love someone.
　identical adj.完全相同的；非常相似的
(教材P3)I only used to have five identical pairs of trousers and five identical shirts.
我以前只有5条一模一样的裤子和5件一模一样的衬衫。
[例1]　The fingerprints of all individuals，even identical twins，are unique.
每个人，包括同卵双胞胎，其指纹都是独一无二的。
[例2]　Different spreadsheet packages tend to be similar，
though not necessarily identical.
不同的电子制表软件包往往很相似，虽然不一定相同。
[造句]　他们的衣服在外观都是相同的。
____________________________________
[知识拓展]
(be) identical in　　　 在……方面是相同的
(be) identical with/to 和……完全相同；和……一致
identical twins 同卵双胞胎；一模一样的双胞胎
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①This knife is identical _________ the one used in the attack.
②The two words are in effect identical ___ meaning.
　from head to toe从头到脚
(教材P3)I didn’t like being reviewed from head to toe.
我不喜欢被人从头到脚地审视。
[例1]　He got coated with mud from head to toe.
他弄得从头到脚都是泥。
[例2]　The following sections list and describe the letter
parts from head to toe.
下面从头至尾列出和阐述了一封信的各个组成部分。
[造句]　他从头到脚穿了一身白色。
_____________________________________
[知识拓展]
from time to time 有时，不时
from day to day 天天；日复一日
from door to door 挨家挨户
from morning to/till night 从早到晚
from beginning to end 自始至终
[即学即练]　完成句子
①He works ____________________ every day. There is no weekend in his mind.
每天从早工作到晚，在他心目中根本没有周末的概念。
②Our eyes follow lines ____________________ in an attempt to see patterns.
我们的眼睛会从始至终跟随着线条，试图识别图案。
③No one knows what will happen ____________________．
没有人知道每天会发生什么事。
　bother v．(使)苦恼 n．麻烦；困难；令人烦恼的情况(或事物，人)
(教材P3)For a long time，this really bothered me.
在很长一段时间里，这真地困扰着我。
[例1]　Thank you，but please don’t bother.
谢谢，但请你不要费事了。
[例2]　What a bother! We’ve missed the bus.
真恼人！我们错过了公交车。
[造句]　我小睡的时候不要打扰我。
___________________________________
[知识拓展]
(1)bother sb. with sth. 因某事打扰/麻烦某人
bother to do/doing sth. 操心做某事
It bothers sb. that/to do sth. 使某人苦恼的是……
Don’t bother. 不用费心了。
(2)put sb. to any bother 给某人添乱/让某人心烦
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①I didn’t want to put you ______ any bother.
②It really bothered me ______ he’d forgotten my birthday.
③You needn’t bother _________________ (come)to my office.
[小片段填空]
This may not put you ①_____ any bother but it really ②_____ (bother) me.
　acknowledge v．承认(某事属实或某情况存在)
(教材P3)What I really admire is the way she has acknowledged that good health not only makes us more beautiful，but happier，too!
我真正钦佩的是她以这种方式承认健康不仅使我们更美丽而且使我们更快乐！
[例1]　I gratefully acknowledge financial support from several local businesses.
我对几家本地企业的经济资助表示感谢。
[例2]　I acknowledged him as an expert.
我视他为专家。
[造句]　他承认做错了。
_______________________________________
[知识拓展]
(1)acknowledge sth.　 承认某事
acknowledge sb./sth. to be/as... 承认某人/某物是……
acknowledge that... 承认……
It’s generally/universally acknowledged that... 大家公认……
(2)acknowledgement n. 承认；感谢；谢礼
[特别提醒]
acknowledge之后不跟动词的 ing形式。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空/句型转换
①She is acknowledged ________(be) one of the best singers in the world.
②I was sent a free copy in _________________(acknowledge)
of my contribution.
③People widely acknowledge that students should be evaluated in terms of overall quality.
→________________________ students should be evaluated in terms of overall quality.
[小片段填空]
Most men want ①______________ and appreciation from women. Learning ②______________ instead of making your partner wrong is one of the most powerful relationship survival tools available to you.
Sentence Patterns
　as引导方式状语从句
(教材P2)As a song in Ugly Betty puts it，“It’s a pretty person’s world”．
正如《丑女贝蒂》中的一首歌中所唱的，“这是一个漂亮的人的世界”。
句式分析：句中As a song in Ugly Betty puts it为as引导方式状语从句，意为“正如；就像”。
[例1]　Leave it as it is.
让它保持原状好了。
[例2]　She stayed in bed as the doctor had told her.
她遵照医嘱卧床休息。
[造句]　告诉你怎么做你就怎么做，否则你会被解雇的。
________________________________________
[知识拓展]
(1)引导时间状语从句，意为“当……时；一边……一边……；随着”。
(2)as引导原因状语从句，意为“因为，由于”，既可放在主句前也可放在主句后。一般来说，as引导原因状语从句表示双方都知道的原因。
(3)引导让步状语从句，意为“尽管；虽然”，从句应倒装。
(4)引导比较状语从句，表示“像……一样地”。
[即学即练]　完成句子
①_______________，we’ll have to stay at home.
因为又下起雨来了，我们只好待在家里了。
②He hurried home，looking behind _______________．
他匆匆忙忙回家去，一边走一边回头望。
③_______________，she had not much insight.
她虽然聪明，但不是很有洞察力。
　形式主语it
(教材P3)It’s true that inner beauty is very important，but external beauty shouldn’t be completely overlooked.
诚然，内在美很重要，但外在美也不应该完全被忽视。
句式分析：句中it为形式主语，真正的主语为后面的that从句。
[例1]　It is important that you arrive on time.
你准时到达很重要。
[例2]　It is necessary that he come next week.
他有必要下周来。
[造句]　他改变主意很正常。
_____________________________
[知识拓展]
英语中把主语从句后置，同时把形式主语it放在主语位置的常见句型有：
(1)It is＋过去分词(reported，believed，said，announced等)＋主语从句 (该结构可与“Sb./Sth.＋ be＋过去分词＋to do...”结构相互转换)
(2)It＋不及物动词(seem，happen，turn out，appear等)＋主语从句
(3)It is＋名词词组(a pity，a fact，a wonder，an honour等)＋主语从句
(4)It is ＋adj.(clear，natural，obvious，possible，likely等)＋主语从句
[即学即练]　完成句子/一句多译
①______________________ the film star will come to our city.
据报道那位电影明星将来我们市。
②______________________ you can’t go with us to enjoy the concert.
你不能跟我们一块去欣赏音乐会真是可惜。
③______________________he studied abroad，but we don’t know which country he studied in.
＝He _____________________ abroad，but we don’t know which country he studied in.
据说他在国外学习过，但是我们不知道他是在哪个国家学的。
　 ing短语作主语
(教材P3)It plays a part in the image we present to the world，and making an effort with your appearance can leave a positive first impression on others and boost your confidence.
它在我们呈现给世人的形象中扮演着重要的角色，努力打扮自己可以给别人留下积极的第一印象，并增强你的自信心。
句式分析：句中making an effort with your appearance为动名词短语，作第二个分句的主语。
[例1]　Reading aloud is a good way to learn a language.
大声朗读是学习语言的一种好方法。
[例2]　Saying is one thing，and doing is another.
说是一回事，而做是另一回事。
[造句]　每天散步对你的健康有好处。
________________________________________
[知识拓展]
(1) ing(短语)作主语往往表达一种概念、习惯或经验，谓语动词通常用单数。
(2) ing与不定式作主语时的区别：
ing表示一种抽象的和泛指的动作，而不定式则表示一次性的、具体的动作。
(3)it可代表 ing作形式主语，常用于下列句型中：
It is/was no use/good doing...做某事是没用的
It is/was a waste of time doing...做某事是浪费时间
[即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子
①______ (lie) on the beach in summer can make you relaxed.
②It is a waste of time ______ (wait) here. He won’t come today.
③_______________________．She is so stubborn.
和她争吵是没有用的，她太固执了。
【参考答案】
Words and Phrases
[造句]
We need a holiday to boost our spirits.
[即学即练]
①to ②in ③to
[小片段填空]
①boost sales ②boosted sales
[造句]
He pretended to have understood the hidden meaning of the sentence.
[即学即练]
①to know ②to be doing ③to have finished the work
[小片段填空]
①to love ②that
[造句]
Their clothes are identical in appearance.
[即学即练]
①to/with ②in
[造句]
He was dressed in white from head to toe.
[即学即练]
①from morning to/till night ②from beginning to end ③from day to day
[造句]
Don’t bother me while I am taking my nap.
[即学即练]
①to ②that ③coming/to come
[小片段填空]
①to ②bothers
[造句]
He acknowledged that he had made a mistake.
[即学即练]
①to be ②acknowledgement ③It is widely acknowledged that
[小片段填空]
①acknowledgement ②to acknowledge
Sentence Patterns
[造句]
Do as you are told to，or you’ll be fired.
[即学即练]
①As it’s raining again ②as he went ③Intelligent as/though she was
[造句]
It is natural that he change his mind.
[即学即练]
①It is reported that ②It is a pity that ③It is said that；is said to have studied_
[造句]
Walking every day will do good to your health.
[即学即练]
①Lying ②waiting ③It is no use arguing with herUsing language——主语从句
在复合句中，作主语的从句称为主语从句。
一、主语从句的引导词及其在句中的功能
(一)连接词that和whether
[观察例句]
1．That she could come to help us made us very happy.
2．That the big earthquake had killed many people frightened people all over the world.
3．Whether we go by train or by boat makes no difference.
4．It is still unknown whether the plan will be carried out.
[归纳用法]
1．that引导主语从句，在从句中不充当任何成分，仅起连接作用，但不能省略。
2．whether引导主语从句，在从句中不充当任何成分，起连接作用，但有自己的意义，不可省略。
[名师点津]
whether引导的主语从句既可放在句首，也可放在句尾(前面需用it作形式主语)。
(二)连接代词who，whose，whom，what，which，whichever，whoever，whomever，whatever等
[观察例句]
1．Who will take his place is not important.
2．What role he will play in the film hasn't been known.
3．Whatever you do in your spare time should do no harm to others.
[归纳用法]
连接代词引导主语从句，并在从句中作主语、宾语或定语。
(三)连接副词when，where，how，why等
[观察例句]
1．Where the English evening will be held has not yet been decided.
2．When we will have a meeting is an important question.
3．Why John was late for the class has been unexplained.
[归纳用法]
连接副词引导主语从句，并在从句中作状语。
[即学即练1]　单句语法填空
①It doesn't matter _________ you pay in cash or by credit card in the store.
②________ makes the book so extraordinary is the creative imagination of the writer.
③________ the delayed flight will take off depends much on the weather.
二、主语从句与形式主语it
1．It be＋名词词组＋主语从句
常用于这种句型的名词词组有a pity，a shame，a fact，an honor，a wonder，no wonder等。
It's a pity (that)you can't attend my birthday party.
很可惜你不能参加我的生日聚会。
It's no wonder that she speaks English so well.
难怪她英语说得那么好。
2．It be＋形容词＋主语从句
It is obvious that the manager of the coffee shop was waiting for Li Fang to leave.
很明显咖啡店的经理在等李方离开。
It is very important that a student (should)learn English well.
学生学好英语很重要。
3．It be＋过去分词＋主语从句
It's suggested that the old man (should)go home to have a rest.
建议这位老人回家去休息一下。
It is said that that is where the famous singer was born.
据说，那就是那位著名的歌星出生的地方。
4．It＋不及物动词(happen，seem，appear，etc.)＋主语从句
It seems to me that you disagree to the plan.
在我看来，你好像不赞成这个计划。
It happened to me that I had been away when he called.
他打电话时，我正好不在家。
5．It＋及物动词＋宾语＋that从句
It surprised him that they came to visit him suddenly.
让他吃惊的是他们突然来看他。
It worried her a bit that her hair was turning grey.
她的头发在变白，这让她有点担心。
[即学即练2]　单句语法填空
①It remains to be seen ________ the newly formed committee's policy can be put into practice.
②It suddenly occurred to him _______ he had left his keys in the office.
③_____ is often the case that anything is possible for those who hang on to hope.
三、主语从句的注意事项
(一)从句的语序
[观察例句]
1．Whichever of you gets here first will get the prize.
2．How he succeeded is still a puzzle.
[归纳用法]
在任何情况下，主语从句都用陈述语序。
(二)主谓一致
[观察例句]
1．What they need are books.
2．What they need is love.
3．When they will start and where they will go have not been decided yet.
4．When and where the meeting will be held has not been decided.
[归纳用法]
1．从句作主语时，后面的谓语一般用单数形式；但what和who引导的主语从句，后面的谓语应与作表语的名词在数上保持一致。
2．如果由and连接两个或两个以上的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词用复数；由两个或多个连接词引导一个主语从句时，谓语动词用单数。
[即学即练3]　单句语法填空
①What you need ____ (be) more practice.
②What you need _____ (be) file folders for your stuff.
③When and where they had the party _____ (be) unknown.
【参考答案】
[即学即练1]
①whether ②What ③When
[即学即练2]
①whether ②that ③It
[即学即练3]
①is ②are ③wasWriting——关于文学作品的介绍
文体指导
文学作品介绍一般包括小说、戏剧等的故事背景、故事情节、人物角色，最后要发表一下自己的观点。对作品做出评价时，我们可以从一个情节和人物形象或一个场面等方面着手。
[基本框架]
第一段：简要介绍文学作品及作者。
第二段：详细介绍其故事背景、故事情节、人物角色等。
第三段：发表自己的观点。
[注意事项]
1．主要是一般现在时，也可根据需要灵活使用其他时态。
2．以第一和第三人称为主。
3．使用恰当的过渡词。
[常用词块]
1．fairy tales童话故事
2．my favorite novel我最喜欢的小说
3．be written by由……创作
4．write many scientific romances写了很多科幻小说
5．devote himself to literature致力于文学(写作)
6．a vivid description of many difficulties and incidents生动地描述了许多困难和事情
7．learn a lot from the book从这本书中学到很多
8．a nice and funny book一本又好看又有趣的书
9．be about the life of a poor child关于一个贫穷孩子的生活
10．the contents and plots of the book这本书的内容和情节
[常用语句]
1．I enjoy reading different kinds of books，but Harry Porter is my favorite one.
我很喜欢读不同种类的书，但是，《哈利·波特》是我最喜欢的书。
2．The fairy tales are my favorites，such as Grimm's Fairy Tales，Anderson's Fairy Tales and so on.
童话故事是我最喜欢的，比如说《格林童话》，《安徒生童话》等。
3．The story is very long but I am interested in it.
这个故事很长，但是我很感兴趣。
4．In fact，the fiction story is so meaningful that I can learn a lot from it.
事实上，这个小说非常有意义，我从这本书中学到很多。
5．We are also astonished and convinced by his fertile imagination and scientific and geographical knowledge.
我们也对他丰富的想象力，科学、地理知识感到很吃惊和折服。
6．I think it's the best book I've ever read.
我认为这是我读过的最好的书。
学以致用
请写一篇80词左右的短文，介绍小说《百万英镑》(The Million Pound Bank Note)，要求包括如下内容：
1．作者：Mark Twain
2．语言风格：幽默、讽刺
3．故事梗概：伦敦的两位富翁打赌，把一张无法兑现的百万支票借给落魄的美国穷人亨利·亚当，看他在一个月内如何收场。一个月的期限到了，亨利不仅没有饿死或被捕，反倒成了富翁，并且赢得了一位漂亮小姐的芳心。
4．你印象最深的地方。
[参考词汇]讽刺的 sarcastic
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【参考答案】
学以致用
[参考范文]
The novel The Million Pound Bank Note was written by Mark Twain，a great American writer. Through his humorous and sarcastic language，Mark Twain successfully depicted an unbelievable adventure of Henry Adams，a penniless American in London.
Two rich men in London have a bet on Henry and want to see what will become of him a month later if they give him a million-pound banknote which can't be cashed for even a penny. A month later，Henry isn't starved nor arrested，but becomes a millionaire dramatically. What’s more，he even wins the love of a pretty lady.
What impresses me most is that in the story，Henry’s note is only exhibited for the eyes of others as a symbol of wealth. On second thought，maybe it is not Henry，but people's crazy love for money，that fools the world.

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