资源简介

Developing ideas—Language points
Words
　maximum n．最大量，最大值
(教材P21)Given the complexity of the work and the lack of necessary materials，this means that each expert can work on a maximum of two large pieces a year.
考虑到工作的复杂性和缺乏必要的材料，这意味着每个专家每年最多可以完成两件大型作品。
[例1]　Temperatures usually reach their maximum after noon.
气温通常在正午后达到最高点。
[例2]　The maximum score on this test is 100.
这次考试的满分为100分。
[造句]　考试中，每题你最多花30 分钟。
_______________________________________________________
[知识拓展]
a maximum of　　　 最多
above (the)maximum 高于最大值
at (the) maximum 最多
below (the) maximum 低于最大值
to (the) maximum 到极限
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①You can claim the allowance for _____ maximum of six months.
②He is using his talents ____ the maximum.
③This is a journey of four hours ____ the maximum.
　preserve v．维护，保护；保存
(教材P21)This new generation of artisans will not only help preserve traditional skills；the innovation they bring to the craft will also ensure that the art of clock repairing stands the rest of time.
新一代的工匠们不仅将帮助保存传统技艺，他们带来的创新也将确保钟表修理的艺术经久不衰。
[例1]　We must preserve our natural resources.
我们必须保护自然资源。
[例2]　It is the duty of the police to preserve the public order.
维护公共秩序是警察的职责。
[造句]　成立这个协会是为了保护濒危物种不至于灭绝。
___________________________________________________________
[知识拓展]
(1)preserve...from... 保护……免受……
(2)preservation n. [U]保存；保护
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①What can we do to preserve the company ______ ruin
②Protective measures are necessary if the city’s monuments are ______________(preserve).
③The police are responsible for the _______________(preserve) of law and order.
[小片段填空]
This article addresses fundamental questions concerning the ①___________ of official publications: what should ②___________
Sentence Patterns
　with复合结构
(教材P21)With objects ranging from small pocket watches to clocks over one metre in height，each of these requires its own unique method of restoration.
从小怀表到一米多高的钟表，每一件都需要独特的修复方法。
句式分析：句中With objects ranging from small pocket watches to clocks over one metre in height为介词with的复合结构，在句中作状语。
[例1]　He was asleep with his head on his arms.
他头枕着胳膊睡着了。
[例2]　He placed a fixed sun at the centre of the solar system with the planets going round it and only the moon still going round the earth.
他把固定的太阳放在太阳系的中心，别的行星都围绕太阳转动，只有月亮仍然围绕地球转动。
[造句]　他闭目坐在那儿。
______________________________
[知识拓展]
with复合结构由“with＋宾语＋宾语补足语”组成，常在句中作状语，表示谓语动作发生的伴随情况、时间、原因、方式等，也可作定语。其构成有下列几种情形：
with＋名词(或代词)＋
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①With so many people __________ (help) us，we are sure to finish it in time.
②I won’t be able to go on holiday with my mother __________ (be) ill.
③All the afternoon he worked with the door _________(lock).
　given (that)...考虑到……
(教材P21)Given the complexity of the work and the lack of necessary materials，this means that each expert can work on a maximum of two large pieces a year.
考虑到工作的复杂性和缺乏必要的材料，这意味着每个专家每年最多可以完成两件大型作品。
句式分析：句中Given the complexity of the work and the lack of necessary materials 为given (that)...句式，意为“考虑到……”，引导的是一个状语从句。
[例1]　Usually，I am sensible with money，as I have to be，given (that)I don’t earn that much.
考虑到自己挣得不多，我用钱通常比较精打细算，这也是迫不得已。
[例2]　Given (that)he gracefully apologized，the woman
accepted his apology.
在他有礼貌地道歉后，这位女士接受了他的道歉。
[造句]　在缺乏经验的情况下，他们的工作已经算是做得相当不错了。
________________________________________________
[知识拓展]
(1)用作give 的过去分词，引出过去分词短语作状语，意为“如果有……”，“假定……”等义，此时要注意其逻辑主语与句子主语保持一致。
(2)可用作介词，后接名词或代词，意为“考虑到”或“鉴于”。
(3)用作形容词，意为“特定的”“一定的”“规定的”等，通常用作定语。
(4)given后也可接that从句，表示“考虑到”。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空/句型转换
①The work must be done within the _______(give) time.
②If the trees had been given more attention，they could grow better now.
→_______________________，the trees could grow better now.
要是对这些树多加注意，它们现在会长得更好。
③If they are given time，they’ll probably agree.
→_____________，they’ll probably agree.
给以时间的话，他们可能会同意。
④Given her interest in children，I’m sure teaching is the right career for her.
→__________________________________，I’m sure teaching is the right career for her.
鉴于她对小孩的兴趣，我敢肯定教书是她最适合的职业。
【参考答案】
[造句]
In the exam，you have a maximum of 30 minutes for each question.
[即学即练]
①a ②to ③at
[造句]
The society was set up to preserve the endangered species from dying out.
[即学即练]
①from ②to be preserved ③preservation
[小片段填空]
①preservation ②be preserved
[造句]
He sat there with his eyes closed.
[即学即练]
①to help ②being ③locked
[造句]
Given (that) they’re inexperienced，they’ve done a good job.
[即学即练]
①given ②Given more attention ③Given time ④Given that she is interested in childrenUnderstanding ideas—Language points
Words
　pose v．(使)摆好姿势
(教材P14)And yet every member of New York’s wealthy high society wanted nothing more than to pose for this man.
然而，纽约富有的上流社会的每一位成员都只想给这个人摆造型。
[例1]　The model was posing carefully.
这位模特儿在认真地摆着姿势。
[例2]　The thief posed as a chimney sweeper to enter the house.
小偷装成烟囱清扫工人进了房子。
[造句]　你已经提出了一个难题。
_________________________________
[知识拓展]
pose for　　 为……摆好姿势
pose as 冒充；摆出……的样子
pose a question 提问题
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①The burglar posed _____ a gas man.
②How did you get him to pose _____ this picture
　fashion n．时尚
(教材P15)Through his fascination with what people were wearing，and not who they were，he opened the doors of fashion to everyone — fashion as he saw it belonged to the people，not just to high society and big brands.
通过他对人们穿着的着迷，而不是他们是谁，他为每个人打开了时尚的大门——在他看来，时尚属于大众，而不只是属于上流社会和大品牌。
[例1]　Why are they behaving in such a ridiculous fashion
他们为什么如此不可思议地行事？
[例2]　She spoke in French after the fashion of the court.
她用法语模仿法庭语言。
[造句]　这店里的衣服都不流行了。
_________________________________
[知识拓展]
in fashion　　 在流行
out of fashion 不再流行
after/in the fashion of 模仿；像……一样；按照……的方式
come into fashion 流行起来，开始风行
It is (not)the fashion to do... ……(不)时兴
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①She took servants for granted _______ the fashion of wealthy girls.
②Blue is out ___ fashion. Yellow is coming into fashion.
③Long skirts have come ____ fashion again. Faded jeans are still ____ fashion too.
[小片段填空]
Is it ①____ fashion to wear short skirts Yes，short skirts are ②___ fashion.
　uncomplicated adj.不复杂的，简单的；单纯的
(教材P15)Although he was a world-famous fashion photographer，Cunningham’s approach to life was uncomplicated.
虽然坎宁安是世界著名的时尚摄影师，但他的生活方式并不复杂。
[例1]　This uncomplicated method is really functional.
该方法简单易行，具有较好的实用性。
[例2]　You are good at solving problems in a practical，uncomplicated manner.
你擅长以实际而不复杂的方式解决问题。
[造句]　尝试着保持生活简单不复杂。
________________________________________
[知识拓展]
(1)an uncomplicated man 单纯的人
(2)complicated adj. 复杂的，结构复杂的
a complicated task 复杂的任务
[即学即练]　完成句子
①We should become ________________．
我们应该成为单纯的人。
②It was ________________ for such character.
对这样一个角色而言它是非常复杂的任务。
[小片段填空]
When tests are written often，developers tend to write ①_____________ code because ②____________ code is hard to test.
Sentence Patterns
　否定词nor位于句首引起部分倒装
(教材P14)Nor was it a wide range of contacts and connections.
也不是通过广泛的接触和联系。
句式分析：句中否定词nor位于句首引起部分倒装。形式为：“nor ＋ be动词/助动词/情态动词＋主语＋动词＋其他”。表示前面的否定情况也适用于另一人或物，可用neither替换nor。
[例1]　She couldn’t work out the problem and nor/neither could I.
她解决不了这个问题，我也不能。
[例2]　He never went again；nor did he write to apologize.
他再也没去，也没有写信道歉。
[造句]　我不知道他的秘密，我也不想知道。
__________________________________________
[知识拓展]
(1)若表示前句中的肯定情况也适用于另一人或物，要用“so ＋be动词/情态动词/助动词＋主语”，表示“……也是这样，也是如此”。
(2)当前句中既有肯定的情况也有否定的情况，两种不同的情况也适用于另一人或物时，或者当前句中有两种不同的谓语动词，两种谓语动词也适用于另一人或物时，则用以下句式：It is the same with sb./sth.或So it is with sb./sth.。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子
①He likes swimming and ____ do I.
②Tom isn’t good at maths；___________ am I.
③Tom is very clever and studies very hard. ______________________________．
汤姆聪明且努力学习，玛丽也一样。
[名师点津]
如果后一句只是单纯地重复前一句的意思，此时主谓不倒装，句型为“so＋主语＋be动词/助动词/情态动词”。
—She speaks French very well.她法语说得很好。
—So she does.她说得确实很好。
　强调句型
(教材P15)These things were real，and it was within their reality that Cunningham saw both beauty and potential.
这些东西都是真实的，正是在现实中，坎宁安看到了美和潜力。
句式分析：句中it was within their reality that为强调句型，结构为：it’s＋被强调部分＋that ＋其他成分。
[例1]　It was John who/that bought an old bike yesterday in a marketplace.
是约翰昨天在市场上买了辆旧自行车。
[例2]　It was not until I got off the bus that I realized it.
直到下车之后我才意识到这事。
[造句]　我把雨伞落在了教室里。
_________________________________________
[知识拓展]
强调句型的基本结构为：it is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他成分
(1)此结构中it 没有词汇意义，只是引出被强调部分。
(2)此强调句型只能强调主语、宾语、状语，不能强调谓语。
(3)被强调的成分是表示人的词时用who/that，而被强调是其他时(事物、时间、地点等)只能用that。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①Why is ____ that you put off the meeting
②It was me _______ he helped yesterday.
③It was Susan and John who _______(be) absent from school yesterday.
　until引导时间状语从句
(教材P15)He would even stay outside in a storm，not coming back until he knew he had the right photos.
他甚至会在外面待在暴风雨中，直到他知道他拍摄了理想的照片才回去。
句式分析：句中until引导时间状语从句，表示“直到……时”。
[例1]　I’ll work until he tells me to stop.
我会一直工作到他叫我停下来为止。
[例2]　Until the last minute of the match，the players kept on playing.
直到比赛的最后一分钟，运动员们仍在奋战。
[造句]　他们将一直等到她回来。
______________________________
[知识拓展]
(1)till和until可以通用，表示主句谓语动词所表达的动作继续到从句谓语动词所表达的动作发生时为止，在肯定句中，主句要用延续性动词。
(2)在否定句中，until 或till可以和非延续性动词连用。until引导的从句可以放在句首，till引导的从句一般放在句末。
(3)not until放在句首时，主句的主谓要倒置，表示加强语气。
[即学即练]　完成句子
①She ________________ she had made sure that everything was in order.
直到她确信一切都井然有序后才去睡觉。
②The parents waited for the boys ________________．
父母们等那些孩子一直等到天黑。
③Not until he finished his work ________________．
直到干完工作他才去睡觉。
【参考答案】
[造句]
You have posed a difficult question.
[即学即练]
①as ②for
[造句]
All the clothing at the store is out of fashion.
[即学即练]
①after/in ②of ③into；in
[小片段填空]
①the ②in
[造句]
Try keeping your life simple and uncomplicated.
[即学即练]
①uncomplicated people ②a very complicated task
[小片段填空]
①uncomplicated ②complicated
[造句]
I don’t know about his secrets and nor do I want to.
[即学即练]
①so ②neither/nor ③It is the same with Mary/So it is with Mary
[造句]
It was in the classroom that I left my umbrella.
[即学即练]
①it ②that/who ③were
[造句]
They will wait there till she returns.
[即学即练]
①didn’t go to bed until ②until it got dark ③did he go to bedUsing language——表语从句
在复合句中，位于系动词之后作表语的从句称为表语从句。
一、that，whether引导的表语从句
[观察例句]
1．The trouble is that I have lost his address.
2．What he wants to know is whether we can finish our work by tomorrow morning.
[归纳用法]
1．连接词that在从句中只起到连接作用，不作任何成分。
2．连接词whether起连接作用，意为“是否；究竟；到底”，在句中不作任何成分。
二、as if/though，because，why引导的表语从句
[观察例句]
1．It sounds as if/though someone is knocking at the door.
2．That’s because he didn’t understand me.
3．That’s why he got angry with me.
[归纳用法]
1．as if 引导表语从句时，可以和as though互换。
2．as if/though引导的表语从句常置于系动词look，seem，sound，be，become等后面。
3．That’s because...强调原因；That’s why...强调结果。
[名师点津]
reason作主语时，后面的表语从句表示原因时要用that引导，不宜用because。
[即学即练1]　单句语法填空
①The reason why I was sad was ______ he didn’t understand me.
②What cost him his life was ______ he was too careless.
③All she’s worried about is __________ he is all right.
④From space，the earth looks blue. This is _________ about seventy-one percent of its surface is covered by water.
三、连接代词和连接副词引导的表语从句
[观察例句]
1．The problem is who we can get to replace her.
2．Be sure to be with a strong awareness that you are what you eat!
3．The question is how he did it.
4．Their difficulty is where they can raise enough money.
[归纳用法]
1．连接代词who，whom，whose，what，which，whoever，whatever，whichever在表语从句中充当主语、宾语或定语。
2．连接副词where，when，how，why在表语从句中充当状语。
[即学即练2]　单句语法填空
①Grandma pointed to the hospital and said，“That’s _________ I was born.”
②They never get angry and are always kind to the students. That’s _____ the children can always get on well with their robot teachers.
③What puzzles me is _____ you could tell he was a thief when you first saw him.
④What worries us most is _____ let out of the secret.
【参考答案】
[即学即练1]　单句语法填空
①that ②that ③whether ④because
[即学即练2]　单句语法填空
①where ②why ③how ④whoWriting——写一篇说明文
文体指导
说明文主要集中在介绍事物、社会现象、地点等方面。写作时要按照一定的顺序进行介绍和说明，以达到实际应用和交际的目的。
[基本框架]
1．开头：主要介绍要说明的对象及说明的目的。
2．主体：详细说明事物的主要特征或做事情的方法步骤。
3．结尾：进行总结概括。
[注意事项]
1．仔细审题：明确说明对象，要主次分明，抓住要说明的事物的主要特征。
2．选择合理的说明顺序：比如时间顺序、空间顺序或逻辑顺序，分层进行说明，注意条理清晰。
[常用词块]
1．be familiar with its history 熟悉它的历史
2．other important aspects其他重要的方面
3．raise their awareness of keeping fit提高他们保持健康的意识
4．play a very important role in daily communication在日常交流中起着非常重要的作用
5．the reason behind this这背后的原因
6．the application of new technologies新技术的应用
7．account for the increase解释增长的原因
8．for one reason or another因某种理由
9．has a history of more than 3,000 years有3 000多年的历史
10．covers an area of more than 16，000 square kilometres占地面积16 000多平方公里
[常用语句]
☆精彩开头
1．Today，the topic is...今天的主题是……
2．When you find/see...，what should you do 当你发现/看到……，你应该怎么做？
3．As is known to all，it is important to...众所周知，……是很重要的。
☆丰满主体
1．The reason for...is that...……的原因是……
2．This brings out the important fact that...这引出了一个重要的事实……
3．More importantly，you should...更重要的是，你应该……
4．It is well known that...is very important in our daily lives because...
众所周知……在我们的日常生活中很重要，因为……
5．...can not only...，but also...……不仅……，而且……
6．...is very important / convenient / helpful when people want to...
当人们想要……时，……很重要/方便/有用。
☆余味结尾
1．It would give us a chance to...
这将给我们一个机会……
2．In a word，as long as you... you can...
总之，只要你……你可以……
3．In a word，... is also a fascinating place to enjoy your holiday and it's convenient to travel there.
总之，……也是一个享受假期的好地方，去那里旅游很方便。
学以致用
假如你是李华，请你给某英文报社的“城市风采”栏 目写一篇短文，介绍我们伟大的首都——北京。要点如下：
1．基本概况：人口约2 000万，面积16 000多平方千米，位于华北平原北部；
2．气候：四季分明，夏季炎热多雨，冬季寒冷干燥；
3．历史与文化：有3 000多年的历史，政治、文化中心，著名大学很多；
4．交通与旅游：交通便利，有很多旅游景点。
注意：1.词数80左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
【参考范文】
学以致用
[参考范文]
Beijing，the capital of China，has a population of about 20 million and covers an area of more than 16，000 square kilometres. Located in the north of the North China Plain，Beijing has four distinct seasons，which is hot and rainy in summer and cold and dry in winter.
Beijing，the political and cultural centre of China，has a history of more than 3，000 years. There are many universities in Beijing，of which Peking University and Tsinghua University are the most famous.
Beijing is also a fascinating place to enjoy your holiday and it's convenient to travel there. There are many places of interest，such as the Forbidden City and the Great Wall.

展开更多......

收起↑