资源简介

Developing ideas—Language points
Words
　withdraw v．退出
(教材P57)Both men were happy to withdraw from contemporary life，seeking a harmonious relationship with nature in the quietness of their lives.
两人都乐于从当代的生活中抽身而退，在平静的生活中寻求与自然的和谐关系。
[例1]　The general decided to withdraw his soldiers.
那位将军决定撤军。
[例2]　He failed to withdraw his remarks and apologize.
他既没收回前言，也没道歉。
[造句]　由于受伤，他不得不退出比赛。
____________________________________________________
[知识拓展]
(1)withdraw from 从……撤出，撤回
withdraw money from the bank 从银行取款
withdraw one’s eyes from 把视线从……移开(不再看……)
withdraw a remark 收回发言
(2)withdrawal n. 收回；取回；撤回；撤退；撤走；取款
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①Tell the men to withdraw ______ their new position.
②I’d like to withdraw 1，000 dollars ______ my savings account and put it in my cheque account.
③He has made several _________(withdrawl) from his bank account.
[小片段填空]
It is still unknown how many troops Israel will ①_________ at the current stage and when it will finish a complete ②_______．
　resign v．使自己顺从于(做)某事；安于；辞职；辞去(工作、职位等)
(教材P57)Live in each season as it passes; breathe the air，drink the drink，taste the fruit，and resign yourself to the influences of each.
度过每一个季节；呼吸空气，喝水，品尝水果，让自己感受它们对你的影响。
[例1]　Wilberforce then resigned from government in 1825 and died in 1833.
威尔伯福斯于1825年从政府辞职，1833年去世。
[例2]　I’ve resigned myself to staying in again tonight.
我今晚还是只能待在家里。
[造句]　在任何情况下，我们都不能听天由命。
___________________________________________
[知识拓展]
resign one’s post/position 辞去职务
resign oneself to (doing)sth. 听任/顺从/只好接受(做)某事
resign...to... 把……托付给……
resign from... 从……辞职
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①I resign my son ______ your care while I am away.
②You must resign yourselves to ______ (wait) a bit longer.
③She resigned ______ the committee because she needed to take care of her disabled husband.
　ease n．舒适，放松，悠闲vt.减轻(痛苦、忧虑)；缓和
(教材P57)In today’s modern world，their ideas about living simply and being at ease with nature may take us a step closer to attaining personal well being and fulfilment.
在当今现代世界里，他们关于简朴生活及与自然和谐相处的思想可能会让我们离获得安乐和满足更近一步。
[例1]　The most universal facial expression is，of course，the smile — its function is to show happiness and put people at ease.
最通用的面部表情当然是微笑——其作用是表示快乐和使人感到自在。
[例2]　My parents are retired and now live a life of ease.
现在，我的父母都退休了，过着安闲舒适的生活。
[造句]　微笑表示你感到高兴，它能使人感到自在。
_________________________________________________________
[知识拓展]
(1)take one’s ease 使某人放松一下
at ease 舒适；快活；自由自在
put sb. at ease 使某人感到轻松自在；使某人安心
feel/look at ease 感到/看上去心情放松
with ease 容易地；毫不费劲地
(2)ease sb. of sth. 减轻某人的(痛苦、负担等)
[即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子
①He handed her a cup of coffee to put her _______ ease.
②I don’t _______ in the strange place.
在这个陌生的地方，我觉得很不自在。
③Now he can ________________ because he ______________________．
现在他可以放心了，因为他已经轻松地通过了考试。
[小片段填空]
I eased him ①___ his difficulty by telling him what to do. Now he feels ②____ ease.
　evaluate v．评估，评价
(教材P58)A comparative essay compares，contrasts and evaluates two or more topics.
比较类文章比较、对比和评价两个或两个以上的主题。
[例1]　I can’t evaluate his ability without seeing his work.
我没有看到他的工作情况，无法评论他的能力。
[例2]　The school has only been open for six months，so it’s hard to evaluate its success now.
该学校仅开办了六个月，所以现在还很难估计它的成就。
[造句]　这项证据应当仔细地评定。
______________________________________
[知识拓展]
(1)evaluate sb. on/by　 根据……评价某人
(2)evaluation n. 估计；评价
make an evaluation of 对……进行评估
[即学即练]　单句语法填空/句型转换
①We must evaluate her ability _____ her work.
②We must _____ (evaluate ) the consequences caused by the fire.
→We must ___________________ the consequences caused by the fire.
[小片段填空]
At present，there exist some problems in the ①_________ of teachers. Schools should perfect the means of ②_________________．
Sentence Pattern
　while引导让步状语从句
(教材P56)While Tao’s return to nature was a reaction to a lifestyle he was opposed to，Thoreau’s was a personal decision to transform the way he lived.
陶渊明回归自然是对他所反对的生活方式的一种反应，而梭罗则是个人的决定，为了改变他的生活方式。
句式分析：句中while引导让步状语从句，相当于although/though。
[例1]　While he was tired，he went on working.
虽然他累了，但他还是继续工作。
[例2]　While I admit that the problems are difficult，I don’t agree that they cannot be solved.
尽管我承认这些问题很棘手，但我不同意说它们无法解决。
[造句]　虽然他爱他的学生，可是他对他们很严格。
_____________________________________________
[知识拓展]
(1)while用作并列连词，表对比，意为“而”。
(2)while用作从属连词，引导时间状语从句，意为“在……期间，当……的时候”。从句中的谓语动词通常是延续性动词。
(3)while用作从属连词，引导让步状语从句，意为“虽然，尽管”，相当于although/though。
(4)while用作从属连词，引导条件状语从句，意为“只要”，相当于as long as。
(5)while用作名词，意为“一会儿；一段时间”。 此时主要用于短语中：after a while过了一会儿；for a while暂时，一会儿；all the while一直，始终等。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子
①Some people waste food ________ others haven’t enough.
②__________________，there is hope.
只要有生命就有希望。
③__________________________________，she fell asleep.
她听着收音机睡着了。
④_______________，thinking about what Janice had said to him.
他坐了一会儿，想着贾妮丝跟他说过的话。
【参考答案】
[造句]
He was forced to withdraw from the competition due to injury.
[即学即练]
①from ②from ③withdrawals
[小片段填空]
①withdraw ②withdrawal
[造句]
In no situation shall we resign ourselves to our fate.
[即学即练]
①to ②waiting ③from
[造句]
A smile is a sign that you are happy，which helps put people at ease.
[即学即练]
①at ②feel at ease ③put his mind at ease；has passed the examination with ease
[小片段填空]
①of ②at
[造句]
The evidence should be carefully evaluated.
[即学即练]
①on/by ②evaluate；make an evaluation of
[小片段填空]
①evaluation ②evaluation
[造句]
While he loves his students，he is very strict with them.
[即学即练]
①while ②While there is life ③While she was listening to the radio ④He sat for a whileStarting out & Understanding ideas—Language points
Word and Phrases
　take for granted 认为……理所当然
(教材P50)In fact，we are so used to them that we may even take them for granted without realising how much inspiration they have given us.
事实上，我们已经习惯了它们，甚至可能认为它们是理所当然的，没有意识到它们给了我们多少灵感。
[例1]　He just takes everything his mother does for him for granted.
他只是认为他妈妈为他做的一切都是理所当然的。
[例2]　We shouldn’t take anything for granted.
我们不要认为什么都是理所当然的。
[造句]　你不应该认为父母的爱理所当然。
__________________________________________
[知识拓展]
take it for granted that... 想当然地认为……
granting that...＝granted that... 假定……，即使……
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①They now have their own opinions; you can’t take ____ for granted that they’ll listen to you.
②________ (grant) that this is true，what conclusion can you reach
③She often told me not to take things for ________ (grant).
　superb adj.极好的，出色的
(教材P51)Harare’s Eastgate Centre is a superb example of biomimicry.
哈拉雷的东门中心是仿生学极好的典范。
[例1]　The sports facilities are superb.
运动设施是一流的。
[例2]　It makes a superb filling for cakes.
它非常适合做蛋糕的馅儿。
[造句]　这辆车车况极好。
_________________________
[知识拓展]
(1)look superb　　　 看上去棒极了
a superb performance 一流的演出
a superb dinner 一顿丰盛的晚餐
(2)superbly adv. 庄重地；华美地；极好地
[即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子
①He performed __________(superb) in the test.
②His medical skill _______________ he can hardly be filled in for an emergency.
他医术高超，在紧急情况下几乎无人企及。
[小片段填空]
Cylinder observed that the best hospitals did not just have ①_________ doctors. They were also ②_________ organised.
　convert...into将……转化为；使……转变为
(教材P51)The panels also capture heat from the sun and convert it into energy that powers the building.
太阳能面板还能从太阳中获取热量，并将其转化为提供给建筑物的能量。
[例1]　All the bank money was converted into cash.
所有的银行票据都兑换成了现金。
[例2]　A poet is one who can convert ordinary words into a meaningful and effective piece of writing.
诗人是能够用普通的文字写出寓意深刻、感人至深的作品的人。
[造句]　所有形式的能量都转化为热能。
________________________________________
[知识拓展]
convert...from...to...　把……从……转化为……
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①Modernization has converted the country _______ a primitive society to a near industrial one.
②At what rate does the dollar convert _______ pounds
　respond to 回应……；对……作出反应
(教材P51)The building therefore not only responds to its environment and uses less energy，but also reduces damage to the environment by generating its own renewable energy.
因此，该建筑不仅能对环境作出反应，减少能源消耗，而且还能通过生产自己的可再生能源来减少对环境的破坏。
[例1]　The woman conductor kindly responded to my question.
女列车员亲切地回答了我的问题。
[例2]　The teacher responded affirmatively to the question that student have put forward.
老师对那个学生的问题作了肯定的回答。
[造句]　她听到那个消息后眼泪夺眶而出。
________________________________________
[知识拓展]
(1)respond that... 回答说……
(2)response n. 回答；响应；反应
in response to 响应；反应(通常作状语)
make (no)response to 对……(没)作出反应/回答
[即学即练]　单句语法填空/一句多译
①Did Mother’s leg respond _______ treatment
②The product was developed in ______ (respond) to customers’ demand.
③She _______ my letter with a phone call.
＝She _______ my letter with a phone call.
她收到我的信，给我回了个电话。
[小片段填空]
On your first question，we have ①_________ to it on various occasions. I believe you’ve also taken note of the ②_________ by the Ministry of Defense.
Sentence Patterns
　so...that...引导结果状语从句
(教材P50)In fact，we are so used to them that we may even take them for granted without realising how much inspiration they have given us.
事实上，我们已经习惯了它们，甚至可能认为它们是理所当然的，没有意识到它们给了我们多少灵感。
句式分析：句中so...that...意为“如此……以至于……”，引导结果状语从句。
[例1]　She’s kind and patient，and she explains English grammar so clearly that even I can understand it!
她友善、耐心，把英语语法讲解得清清楚楚，连我都懂了！
[例2]　At one point we were so high that we found ourselves cycling through clouds.
在某个时刻，我们发现自己置身高处，仿佛骑车穿越云层。
[造句]　他接受她的邀请真是太傻了。
___________________________________________
[知识拓展]
(1)so...that...如此……以至于……，that引导结果状语从句，口语中that可以省略。常见搭配如下：
so＋adj./adv.＋that...
so＋adj.＋a(n)＋单数名词＋that...
so＋many/much/few/little(少)＋n.＋that...
(2)such...that...如此……以至于……，such修饰的是名词。常见搭配如下：
such＋a(n)＋adj.＋单数名词＋that...
such＋adj.＋复数名词/不可数名词＋that...
(3)so that意为“因此，结果”，引导结果状语从句。so that还可表示“以便，目的是”，引导目的状语从句。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空/句型转换
①He had so little education ______ he was unfit for this job.
②It is ______ good a film that I’d like to see it a second time.
③It was so fine a day that we went out for a walk.
→__________________________ we went out for a walk.
　“make＋宾语＋宾补”结构
(教材P50)Today，architects continue to explore ways to capture the beauty of natural forms，to mimic the way nature works or even to make natural organisms part of a building．
今天，建筑师继续探索如何捕捉自然形态之美，模仿自然的运行方式，甚至使天然有机物成为建筑的一部分。
句式分析：句中make natural organisms part of a building为“make＋宾语＋宾补”结构，宾补为part of a building。
[例1]　The bad news made us more anxious for the matter.
这个坏消息使我们对这件事更加担忧。
[例2]　His joke made us laugh our heads off.
他讲的笑话逗得我们大笑不已。
[造句]　她帮他坐起身来，以便他舒服一点。
______________________________________
[知识拓展]
(1)“make ＋ 宾语 ＋ 宾补”结构中，宾语补足语可以由名词、形容词、过去分词、不定式等来充当；该结构中一般不用现在分词充当宾补；职务名词充当宾补时其前面不用加冠词。
(2)当不定式短语或从句等作宾语时，多用it作形式宾语，构成的句型主要有：
make＋it＋adj./n.＋(for sb.) to do sth.
make＋it＋adj./n.＋that从句
(3)常用于这种句型的动词还有：think，consider，find，feel等。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子
①The two girls are so alike that strangers find it difficult _______(tell) one from the other.
②We thought ____ no use explaining to him what had happened here because he didn’t care.
③This non stop communication，the experts think，has made __________________________________ each other.
专家们认为，这种不间断的交流使英国人和美国人彼此理解起来更加容易。
　状语从句的省略
(教材P51)To meet the needs of today while protecting the world of tomorrow may be a challenge，but even the simplest organisms can help teach us how to achieve this.在保护明天的世界的同时满足今天的需要可能是一个挑战，但即使是最简单的生物体也可以帮助我们实现这一点。
句式分析：句中while protecting the world of tomorrow是时间状语从句的省略形式。
[例1]　Work hard while/when (you are)young，or you’ll regret.
少壮不努力，老大徒伤悲。
[例2]　While (she was)walking along the river bank，she was singing a pop song.
她沿着河堤边走边唱着流行歌曲。
[造句]　做家庭作业的时候不要听音乐。
_________________________________________________________
[知识拓展]
当when，while，before，after，unless，as if，if等引导的状语从句中的主语与主句主语一致或从句主语是it，且从句谓语中含有be动词时，可以省略从句中的主语和be动词。
[即学即练]　句型转换
①If you are accepted for the job，you’ll be informed soon.
→________________，you’ll be informed soon.
②While he was playing with his children outdoors，the father felt very happy.
→_____________________________，the father felt very happy.
③He won’t come unless he is invited.
→He won’t come ________________．
【参考答案】
[造句]
You shouldn’t take your parents’ love for granted.
[即学即练]
①it ②Granted/Granting ③granted
[造句]
The car’s in superb condition.
[即学即练]
①superbly ②is so superb that
[小片段填空]
①superb ②superbly
[造句]
All forms of energy are converted into heat.
[即学即练]
①from ②into
[造句]
She responded to the news by bursting into tears.
[即学即练]
①to ②response ③responded to；made a response to
[小片段填空]
①responded ②response
[造句]
He was so foolish that he accepted her invitation.
[即学即练]
①that ②so ③It was such a fine day that
[造句]
She sat him up and made him comfortable.
[即学即练]
①to tell ②it ③it easier for British people and Americans to understand
[造句]
Don’t listen to music when/while (you are) doing your homework.
[即学即练]
①If accepted for the job ②While playing with his children outdoors ③unless invited非限定动词作主语、宾语和表语
一、动词的非限定形式(即非谓语形式)作主语
[观察例句]
1．Knowing basic first-aid techniques will help you respond quickly to emergencies.
2．It is no use complaining without taking action.
3．To climb the mountain is hard work but to go down the mountain is great fun.
4．It is not easy to find your way around the town.
[归纳用法]
1． ing形式作主语表示一般的、抽象的、泛指的概念，常用it作形式主语。常用于固定句型：It's a waste of time doing...；It's no use/good doing...；It is useless doing...；There is no...等中。
2．不定式作主语，一般表示具体某一次的动作。常用 it作形式主语。
3．it作形式主语时，不定式或 ing形式是真正的主语，放在句子后部，以使句子保持平衡。
[即学即练1]　单句语法填空
①His _______(come) late made the teacher very angry.
②It is no use _______(cry) over spilt milk.
③______(see) is to believe.
④It is important _________(respect) people.
二、动词的非限定形式作宾语
[观察例句]
1．My English teacher promised to lend some books to me.
2．We only missed seeing each other by five minutes.
3．Do you mind being interrupted while studying
4．My mother couldn't help smiling when she heard the good news.
[归纳用法]
1．下列动词后只能用不定式作宾语，请牢记下面的口诀：
决心学会想希望，拒绝设法愿假装。
主动答应选计划，同意请求帮一帮。
decide/determine，learn，want，expect/hope/wish; refuse，manage，care，pretend; offer，promise，choose，plan；agree，ask/beg，help，afford，strive，happen，wait，threaten等
2．下列动词或动词短语后只能用 ing形式作宾语，请牢记下面的口诀：
考虑建议盼原谅，承认推迟没得想。
避免错过继续练，否认完成就欣赏。
禁止想象才冒险，不禁介意准逃亡。
consider，suggest/advise，look forward to，excuse/pardon; admit，delay/put off，fancy(想象，设想); avoid，miss，keep/keep on，practice; deny，finish，enjoy/appreciate; forbid，imagine，risk; can't help，mind，allow/permit，escape
此外，下列动词短语后也要用 ing形式作宾语：
be used/accustomed to，lead to，devote to，go back to，stick to，object to，get down to，pay attention to，can't stand (无法忍受)，give up，feel like，insist on，thank...for，apologize for，be busy (in)，have difficulty/trouble (in)，have a good/wonderful/hard time (in)，spend time (in)，look forward to
3．下列动词或动词短语后既可以用 ing形式作宾语，也可以用不定式作宾语，但意义上有区别，要特别注意：
后接不定式 后接动名词
regret to do sth.遗憾要去做某事 regret doing sth.后悔做过某事
forget to do sth.忘记要去做某事 forget doing sth.忘记已做过某事
remember to do sth.记得要去做某事 remember doing sth.记得做过某事
mean to do sth.打算做某事 mean doing sth.意味着做某事
try to do sth.努力/企图去做某事 try doing sth.试着做某事
can't help (to)do sth.不能帮助做某事 can't help doing sth.情不自禁地做某事
I had meant to give you this book today，but I forgot.
我本来打算今天给你这本书的，可是我忘了。
Missing this train means waiting for another hour.
错过这辆火车意味着再等一小时。
[即学即练2]　单句语法填空
David refused __________(accept) my invitation.
I had great difficulty _________(find) the suitable food on the menu in that restaurant.
③ Bill suggested ______(hold) a meeting on what to do for the Expo during the vacation.
三、动词的非限定形式作表语
[观察例句]
1．His wish is to be a doctor in the future.
2．My job is to clean the rooms every day.
3．Our task is playing all kinds of music.
4．My job is teaching.
[归纳用法]
1．不定式作表语常用来表示预计要发生的动作，也可用来表示未来的可能性和假设；但当不定式所作的表语仅用来说明主语的内容时，这时的不定式只作单纯的表语，而不具有未来的含义。
2． ing形式作表语多指抽象的、概念性的动作，句子主语常是表示无生命的名词或what引导的名词性从句。
[即学即练3]　单句语法填空
The queen's work is ________(lay) eggs.
The purpose of education is __________(develop) a fine personality in children.
The next step is _________(make) sure that you know exactly what is required.
His ambition is ______(go) Harvard University.
【参考答案】
[即学即练1]　单句语法填空
①coming ②crying ③To see ④to respect
[即学即练2]　单句语法填空
①to accept ②finding ③holding
[即学即练3]　单句语法填空
①laying ②to develop ③to make ④to go写一篇因违背自然规律而得到教训的短文
文体指导
此类文章属于夹叙夹议类小短文。写作通常只需包含“谁？干了什么事？结果如何？”等，然后再谈谈从这次经历中得出了什么经验教训。需要注意的是：
1．叙事时态多用一般过去时，看法和感受多用一般现在时；人称多以第一和第三人称为主；
2．其次还要注意叙事的衔接性，常见的衔接词如：(just) then，after (that)，when，as soon as等。
[基本框架]
第一部分：叙述事情的起因；
第二部分：叙述事情的经过；
第三部分：感受和教训。
[常用词块]
1．to live a better life为了过更好的生活
2．thank you very much for your concern
非常感谢你的关心
3．have problems with their noses and lungs
他们的鼻子和肺有问题
4．have to take action to protect our environment
必须采取措施来保护我们的环境
5．be nowhere to find无处可寻
6．be to blame for it要为此负责
7．waste plenty of resources浪费大量的资源
8．make the world a pleasant place to live in
让世界成为一个宜居的地方
9．learn a lesson from this failure从这次失败中吸取教训
10．the lesson from my previous mistake以往的错误给我的教训
[常用语句]
1．Once lost，they can never be replaced.
一旦失去，就再也无法弥补。
2．This is a warning to me to be more careful in the future.
这对我是个警告，以后要多加小心。
3．Improper human activities contribute a lot to those disasters.
不适当的人类活动导致了这些灾难。
4．So it is high time that we protected our environment.所以，是时候保护我们的环境了。
5．Only if we stop damaging the environment and do our best to protect it can we make the world a pleasant place to live in.
只有我们停止破坏环境，并尽我们最大的努力保护它，我们才能使世界成为一个宜居的地方。
学以致用
假如你是李华，你的朋友Mike向你询问汉语成语“揠苗助长”的含义。请你根据下面的汉语提示用英语写一篇短文，向其解释该成语的由来和意义。
宋人有闵其苗之不长而揠之者，芒芒然归，谓其人曰，“今日病矣！予助苗长矣！”其子趋而往视之，苗则槁矣。
注意：1．词数80左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【参考答案】
学以致用
[参考范文]
The set phrase “ya miao zhu zhang” means “Trying to help seedlings grow by pulling them up”．There is a story behind it.
A man in the Song State was anxious about the slow growth of his seedlings. So，he pulled them upward one by one. He came back saying to his family，“I'm exhausted today，for I've helped the seedlings grow much taller. “Hearing this，his son ran to look and found all had dried up and died.
This set phrase teaches us the lesson that going against the law of development in things and being overanxious for quick results will make things worse.

展开更多......

收起↑