资源简介

Unit 4　Everyday economics
Developing ideas and Presenting ideas
课文理解
阅读教材P44－45课文，选出最佳选项
1．Which one is not the benefit of the sharing economy
A．Saving money.
B．Making money.
C．Leaking personal information.
D．Making friends.
2．What is the author's attitude towards the sharing economy
A．Subjective.　　　 B．Objective. C．Indifferent.　 D．Neutral.
Words and Phrases
　discriminate v．歧视；区别，辨别
[教材P41]　However，some people are less optimistic，and argue that it discriminates against producers not part of the Good Deal movement.
然而，一些人不那么乐观，他们认为这是歧视不属于Good Deal运动的生产者。
[例1]　 It is illegal to discriminate on grounds of race, sex or religion.
因种族、性别或宗教信仰而实行歧视是非法的。
[例2]　A number of features discriminate this species from others.
有些特征使这一物种与其他物种区别开来。
[造句] 法律绝不歧视穷人偏袒富人。
_________________________________________________________________________
[知识拓展]
discriminate against 歧视；排斥；人身攻击；区别
discriminate between A and B＝discriminate A from B 区分A和B
discriminate in favour of sb. 偏袒某人
discrimination n. 歧视；偏袒；区别；识别
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Women complain that employers discriminate_________female workers when calculating their rank and pay.
②It is unfair to discriminate between black people ___ white people.
③The Pope said the right to food was a right for all human beings without ______________(discriminate)．
superior adj.(品质、价值)较好的；地位较高地，上级的；(在数量上)占多数的，占优势的；不受……左右的，不屈服的 n．长官；长辈； 前辈； 优越的人
[教材P41] This kind of Coffee has special features：superior，smooth blend，with mild flavour.
这种咖啡的特点是：品质上乘，混合均匀，味道温和。
[例1] He is superior to the other man.
他比另一个男子级别高。
[例2] That army won because of superior numbers.
那支军队以人多取胜。
[造句] 你在这项技术上一定胜过我。
_________________________________________
[知识拓展]
A is superior to B＝A's superiority to B A高于或好于B
superiority n. 优越；优先权
superior用作形容词时，本身含有“较”的意思，故不再有比较级或最高级形式。表示“两者的比较”，用“superior to”，而不能用“superior than”。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①This model is technically superior __ its competitors.
②He won the competition with obvious ____________(superior)．
sorrow n．悲伤；悲痛；悲哀；伤心事；悲伤事 v．感到(或表示)悲伤
[教材P44] Parents and teachers keep reminding us to share toys，snacks，books，happy memories，and sometimes even sorrows with others.
家长和老师不断提醒我们，要和别人分享玩具、零食、书籍、快乐的回忆，有时甚至是悲伤。
[例1] It was a time of great sorrow.
这是一个非常悲伤的时刻。
[例2] Words cannot express my sorrow.
言语无法表达我的哀伤。
[造句] 听到她的死讯，他表示哀伤。
_________________________________________________
[知识拓展]
(1)joys and sorrows 悲欢
(2)to one's sorrow 让某人伤心的是
more in sorrow than in anger 悲哀多于愤怒
(3)sorrowful adj. 悲伤的
[即学即练] 完成句子/单句语法填空
①They said that the decision was made ____________________________(与其说是出于气愤，不如说是出于悲伤)．
②__ my sorrow my car broke down.
take off(飞机)起飞；开始成功；脱去(衣服等)；摘掉；匆匆离开；休假
[教材P44] The sharing economy is taking off in all sorts of areas.
共享经济正在各个领域蓬勃发展。
[例1] They need to expand the number of farmers who are involved if the scheme's going to really take off.
这个方案要想真正成功，他们就需要增加参与的农场主的人数。
[例2] In 1944，he met Edith Piaf，and his career took off.
1944年，他结识了伊迪思·比阿夫，从此他的事业开始腾飞。
[造句] 在第三部电影之后，他的电影表演事业开始有起色了。
_____________________________________________________________
[知识拓展]
take sth.away 解除，消除(感情，痛苦等)
take sb./sth.back 与……重归于好；收回；带回；使回 想起
take down 写下，记下；拆卸
take in 吸收；理解；欺骗；收留
take on 具有，呈现；担任，承担；雇用
take up 举(拿、捡、拔)起；占据；从事
take over 接管；接任；控制
[即学即练] 写出下列句中take off的含义
①Three planes were standing on the runway，waiting to take off. __
②I wish you'd take off that hat when you are in the classroom. __
③Congratulations，Paulo! Now maybe you can take a few days off. __
④He took off because of his good performance. ____
⑤The six boys got into the car and took off for the drug store. ____
cut down削减；减少使用；砍倒；夺去……的生命
[教材P45] What's more，sharing encourages us to reuse items，thereby cutting down on waste.
更重要的是，分享鼓励我们重复使用物品，从而减少浪费。
[例1] If you spend more than your income，can you try to cut down
如果你入不敷出，可以试着减少开支吗？
[例2] Cut down on animal fats found in red meat，hard cheeses and so on.
减少摄入存在于红肉、硬干酪等中的动物脂肪。
[造句] 汽车制造业缩减了生产量。
_____________________________________
[知识拓展]
cut in 插话；让(某人)分享利润
cut up 打伤；使伤心
cut out 删除；裁剪
cut through 开辟
cut off 切断；中止；隔绝；剥夺继承权
[即学即练] 写出下列句中cut down的含义/单句语法填空
①My uncle hasn't been able to quit smoking，but at least he has cut down. __
②This article is too long，and you have to cut it down to 1，000 words. __
③Immediate actions should be taken，like stopping cutting down trees，to better the environment. __
④Hunger，cold and illness cut down many of the villagers. _______
⑤We were cut ___ in the middle of our telephone conversation because my cell phone was out of power.
⑥It is impolite for children to cut __ when their seniors are talking.
case n．具体情况；事例；实例；实情；事实；特殊情况；盒子；案例；伤员
[教材P45] As is often the case all over the world with new areas of economic activity，the sharing economy is developing faster than existing regulations or ongoing supervision.
正如世界各地新的经济活动领域经常出现的情况一样，共享经济的发展速度超过了现有的法规或持续的监管。
[例1] If that is the case(＝ if the situation described is true)，we need more staff.
如果真是那样，那我们就需要更多的员工了。
[例2] It is simply not the case that prison conditions are improving.
监狱条件得到改善的情况绝非事实。
[造句] 他的钱全部输光，真有其事吗？
______________________________________________
[知识拓展]
(1)in sb.'s case 就某人的情况而言
(2)in that case 如果是那样的话
in case 以防万一
in case of 要是……，在……的时候
the case 事实
in any case 无论如何；不管怎样
[即学即练] 写出下列句中case/the case的含义/单句语法填空/完成句子
①There is a misbelief that popcorn is calorie free，but that is not the case. __
②These ideas can be true in certain cases，but very wrong in others.__
③To attract more visitors，the museum displayed the exhibition sunglass cases. __
④Judging from the whole process，it was a typical case of bad management. __
⑤Fortunately，the most serious cases were treated at the scene of the accident. __
⑥There's no point complaining now—we're leaving tomorrow in ____case.
⑦You'd better take the keys _______________(以防万一我不在家)．
expense n．费用；经费；损失，牺牲
[教材P45] Some companies are taking unfair advantage of this situation to expand their share of the market，often at the expense of more traditional and established companies.
一些公司正在利用这种不公平的情况来扩大其市场份额，往往以牺牲更多的传统和老牌公司为代价。
[例1] I spare no expense to collect the paintings by
Picasso.
我不惜花费巨资收藏毕加索的画。
[例2] Our expenses far outweigh our income.
我们的支出远超我们的收入。
[造句] 他自己筹措支付所有的学费。
___________________________________________
[知识拓展]
at one's own expense 用自费
at the public expense 用公费
living expenses 生活费
at any expense 不管花多少钱；不管牺牲多大
at the expense of a person 用(某人)的费用；麻烦(某人)
at the expense of 牺牲；付出……的代价
expensive adj. 昂贵的，花钱的
it is expensive ＋ to do ……是很花钱的
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①She gave a concert____her brother's expense.
②He secured fame and wealth at the expense ___his health.
③It is expensive__________ (travel)by plane.
【参考答案】
课文理解　1－2　CB
Words and Phrases
[造句]The law does not discriminate against the poor and in favour of the rich. [即学即练]①against ②and ③discrimination
[造句]You must be superior to me in this skill. [即学即练]①to ②superiority
[造句]He expressed his sorrow at the news of her death. [即学即练]①more in sorrow than in anger ②To
[造句]After his third film，his career of film performance took off. [即学即练]①起飞 ②摘掉 ③休假 ④开始成功 ⑤匆匆离开
[造句]The car industry cut down production. [即学即练]①减少 ②删减 ③砍倒 ④夺去……的生命 ⑤off ⑥in
[造句]Is it the case that he has lost all his money [即学即练]①事实 ②情况 ③盒子 ④案例 ⑤伤员 ⑥any ⑦in case I'm out
[造句]He paid all the school expenses by himself. [即学即练]①at ②of ③to travelGrammar
课程学习目标
1.熟悉并掌握定语从句的基本作用及用法。
2.能准确区分定语从句和其他类型从句的区别。
知识体系梳理
重点单词 1.　　　　 n. 目标;目的 2.　　　　 vt. 涉及;包括 3.　　　　 v. 产卵;下蛋 4.　　　　 n. 奇迹 5.　　　　 n. 昆虫
重点短语 　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　关心某事
重点语法 定语从句
重点语法探究
定语从句
基础盘点
一、定语从句的定义
修饰一个名词或代词的从句称为定语从句,一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面,相当于形容词在句中作定语。其关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that,which,who,whom,whose,as等;关系副词有where,when,why等。
二、掌握关系代词及其作用
最常用的关系代词是who, whom, whose, that,which和as。关系代词同时起了两个作用。它们可以像别的代词一样,代表一个名词,在定语从句中用作主语、宾语或定语。同时,它们又起到了连词的作用,把主句和从句连接起来。
1.who指人,在定语从句中一般作主语。
Do you know the man who / that is speaking to your father 你认识正和你爸爸讲话的那个人吗
2.whom指人,在定语从句中作宾语。在口语或非正式文体中,whom可以省略。
He is the man whom we just talked about. 他就是我们刚才谈论的那个人。
3.whose 既可以指人,也可以指物,在定语从句中作定语修饰它后面的名词。(它还可以同of which / of whom互换)
It was an island, whose name I have forgotten. 它是一座岛,名字我忘了。
4.which指物,在定语从句中作主语或宾语。作宾语时可以省略。
Physics is a subject which / that is very difficult to learn. 物理是一门很难学的科目。
5.that既可以指人,也可以指物,在定语从句中作主语或宾语。指人时,相当于who或whom;指物时,相当于which。that在从句中作宾语时可省略。
She is the woman (that / who / whom) we saw in the bookshop. 她是我们在书店见到的那个女人。
三、掌握关系副词及其作用
　　关系副词有when, where, why,它们在引导定语从句时,既在定语从句中充当状语,又起连接作用。
1.when指时间,在定语从句中充当时间状语。
I still remember the day when I first came to Dalian. 我仍然记得第一次来大连的那天。
2.where指地点,在定语从句中充当地点状语。
This is the house where we lived when we were young. 这就是我们小时候住的房子。
3.why指原因,在定语从句中充当原因状语。
Do you know the reason why he refused the invitation 你知道他拒绝应邀的原因吗
注意:关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于“介词+ which”结构,因此常常交替使用。关系副词when, where, why可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词,在从句中作状语。
This is the house in which I lived two years ago. = This is the house where I lived two years ago. 这就是我两年前住的房子。
四、学习定语从句应该注意的问题
1.关系代词和关系副词的选用
如果先行词是表示时间或地点的名词,不一定要用关系副词when或where,务必要看引导词在从句中充当什么成分,如果作状语,用关系副词;如作主语或宾语要用关系代词。当reason作先行词时,也需注意其引导词在从句中充当什么成分,不能一概用关系副词why来引导。
This is the factory where I want to work. 这就是我想工作的工厂。
This is the factory (that / which) I want to visit. 这就是我想参观的工厂。
2.限制性定语从句只能用that的几种情况
当先行词是anything, everything, nothing (something 除外), few, some, all, none, little等代词,或者是由every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much,序数词,形容词最高级,the very, the only等修饰时;当先行词既有人,也有物时;或者当先行词前面有who, which等疑问代词时,多用that引导定语从句。
All that can be done has been done. 所有能做的事情都做了。
This is the very dictionary that I want to buy. 这就是我想买的那本词典。
Who is the man that is standing there 站在那儿的那个人是谁
3.区分定语从句和同位语从句
定语从句和先行词之间是修饰关系;同位语从句说明先行词的具体内容,是补充说明的关系。定语从句由关系代词或者关系副词引导,关系词在句中充当成分,有时可以省略;同位语从句主要由that引导,在句中一般不作成分,句子也可以由when, where, how, why, whether, what等词引导。
The plane that has just taken off is for London. 刚起飞的飞机是去伦敦的。
The problem (that / which) we are facing now is how we can collect so much money. 我们现在面临的问题是怎样筹集那么多钱。
I have no idea when he will be back.我不知道他什么时候回来。
4.限制性和非限制性定语从句
限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分,去掉它的话,主句意思往往不明确;非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明,去掉了也不会影响主句的意思,它与主句之间通常用逗号分开。关系代词that和关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句。
The house which we bought last month is very nice. 我们上个月买的这幢房子很漂亮。
Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year. 查理·史密斯去年退休了,他曾经是我的老师。
5.as用作关系代词引导定语从句。as可以代替整个句子或一件事,意为“正如……;就像……;据……”,引导从句位置灵活,一般用逗号和主句隔开。which只能用在主句之后。
as的这种用法常见于以下这些结构:as we can see, as can be seen, as we know, as is (well) known, as may be imagined, as often happens, as has been said before, as was mentioned above...
注意:当先行词中有such, so, same等词修饰时,关系代词通常用as。另外,先行词中有the same修饰时,定语从句也可用that引导,但意思上有区别,as表示与此相同一类的,that表示就是那一个。
As is well known,great changes have taken place in China. = Great changes, as that is well known, have taken place in China. 众所周知,中国发生了巨大的变化。
即学即练
单句改错
1.The exact year when Angela and her family spent together in China was 2008. 　　　
2.Between the two parts of the concert is a break, where the audience can buy ice-cream. 　　　
3.I borrowed the book Sherlock Holmes from the library last week, where my classmates recommended to me. 　　　
4.The Science Museum,that we visited during a recent trip to Britain, is one of London’s tourist attractions. 　　　
5.Students should involve themselves in community activities when they can gain experience for growth. 　　　
6.I am looking forward to the day that my daughter can read this book and know my feelings for her. 　　　
基础智能检测
用关系代词、关系副词或介词+关系代词填空
1.This is the place 　　　　my mother was born.
2.The reason 　　　　he changed the topic is quite clear.
3.Is this the factory　　　　 you visited the other day
4.The wolves hid themselves in the place 　　　　couldn’t be found.
5.My birthday is a day　　　　I think about my future.
●温馨贴士
本课时是一节语法复习课,其知识结构图解如下:
参考答案
知识体系梳理
重点单词:
1.aim　2.involve　3.lay　4.wonder　5.insect
重点短语:
be concerned about sth
重点语法探究
即学即练
1.将when改为that / which,或省略when　2.将where改为when　3.将where改为which　
4.将that改为which　5.将when改为where　6.将that改为when
基础智能检测
1.where / in which　2.for which / why　3.that / which 4.that / which　5.when / on whichUnit 4　Everyday economics
Starting out & Understanding ideas
词汇探索
Ⅰ. 根据语境及汉语提示写出正确的单词
1. Sweat ran down her ________. 汗水从她的额头上流下来
2. their _____ faces 他们木然的表情
3. feel _____ 感到眩晕
4. realize the _________ 意识到潜力
5. ____________ young people 有创业精神的年轻人
6. the initial _____ 起初阶段
7. ________ my product 购买我的产品
8. worldwide ____________ systems 全球经销系统
9. a decent _____ 可观的奖金
10. seek ________ 寻求指导
11. an expert __________ 专家顾问
Ⅱ. 选词填空
contribute to, dream of, most of all, be surrounded by, access to, as to, be willing to, be fond of
1. (2019·江苏高考)We ___________ our high intelligence so that we assume that when it comes to brain power, more must be better.
2. We’ve all been there: in a lift, in line at the bank or on an airplane, _____________ people who are, like us, deeply focused on their smartphones or, worse, struggling with the uncomfortable silence.
3. If we are in the habit of raising doubts _____ whether what we are told is true, we can find the correct answer and learn more.
4. He did not compromise easily, but ______________ accept any constructive advice for a worthy cause.
5. Now Alia waited for the war to end and __________ peace and a new library.
6. It was really annoying; I couldn’t get _________ the data bank you had recommended.
7. He had more job satisfaction, a better marriage and was healthier. ___________ , he was happier, far happier.
8. Arts _____________ cultural development when people gather together to share their experience and renew their energy.
阅读理解
Ⅰ. 文本整体理解: 理清文章架构
general situation of the company one of the best 1. ____ products in Asia.
reasons for starting a business ideal conditions for growing roses experiencing the 2. _______ of being her own boss and giving something 3. ____ to her home town
challenges getting 4. __________ and advice and persuading people to 5. ____ for her
advice for young entrepreneurs you need a good idea, hard work, 6. _____________, a sound business plan, 7. _________________, and good management and negotiating skills.
Don’t be too 8. _________. Know your own 9. ______ and those of the people you work with
Ⅱ. 文本细节理解: 探寻语篇细节信息
1. What is the main idea of this passage
A. How to grow roses
B. How to start a new business
C. A girl’s business blossoms in growing roses.
D. How to face obstacles
2. Which words can best describe Zhang Yue
A. nervous and humourous.
B. determined and enterprising.
C. concerned and grateful.
D. realistic and pessimistic.
3. What can we infer from Para. 1
A. With butterflies in her stomach, Zhang Yue gave a presentation.
B. After success, she accepted the interview.
C. The four people gave no advice to her.
D. Zhang Yue was a green finger.
4. Which isn’t the reason for Zhang Yue starting a business in her home town
A. Ideal conditions for growing roses.
B. Experiencing the freedom of being her own boss.
C. Giving back to her home town.
D. Finding an ideal job is hard abroad.
5. What is the main purpose of the passage
A. To introduce the main reasons why young people choose to start their own business.
B. To analyse the pros and cons of young people starting their own business.
C. To encourage all young people to start their own business after graduation.
D. To help young people think more realistically before starting their own business.
Ⅲ. 文本素养提升: 阅读技能综合运用
1. 根据课文语境与语句知识细致解构语句。
(1)She couldn’t, however, hide the line of sweat running down her forehead(分词作定语), which was caused partly by the heat of the television studio(which引导的非限制性定语从句), but more by fear of the four people seated in front of her.
译文: 然而, 她无法掩饰_______________________, 更多的是因为害怕坐在她前面的四个人。
(2)The biggest challenge at the initial phase was to persuade people to work for me(to do 不定式作表语), which was totally outside my experience(which引导的非限制性定语从句).
译文: 在最初阶段, 最大的挑战是____________________。
(3)Seeing her peers(分词作状语表时间)who also dream of success and independence(who引导的定语从句), Zhang has mixed feelings.
译文: ________________, 张喜忧参半。
2. 阅读主题活动。
(1)What do you think has contributed to Zhang Yue’s success
___________________________________________________________________________
(2)Have you ever thought about starting your own business Give your reasons.
___________________________________________________________________________
要点精析
1. take a deep breath深吸一口气
*Feeling dizzy, Zhang Yue took a deep breath as she struggled to finish her presentation.
感到头晕的张月深吸了一口气, 努力完成她的演讲。
*Vic told me that he could hold his breath for more than two minutes underwater.
维克跟我说他可以在水中憋气超过两分钟。
*The best activities for stamina are fairly energetic; they need to get you slightly out of breath. 最能够锻炼耐力的是那些需要一定体能、能让人呼吸稍感急促的活动。
*If you run very fast, you may lose your breath.
如果你跑得很快, 你可能会喘不过气来。
*We have to breathe in and out so many times a minute.
每分钟我们都得呼吸那么多次。
【拓展延伸】
hold one’s breath 屏住呼吸
out of breath 上气不接下气
lose one’s breath 喘不过气来
breathe in 吸气; 吸入(气体)
breathe out 呼气; 呼出(气体)
【即学活用】 语法填空。
(1)We lifted our heads to breathe __ the fresh, clear air.
(2)Her lips parted as if she were about to take _ deep breath.
(3)He held his ______ (breathe)while the results were read out.
2. potential n. (事物的)潜力, 可能性 adj. 潜在的
*It was only after graduating from university overseas and returning to visit her parents that he realised the potential.
直到在海外大学毕业, 回国看望父母后, 他才意识到了这种潜力。
*(2019·天津高考)Anyone can calculate their biological age, identify potential risks and take steps to improve their own health in the long run.
任何人都可以计算自己的生物年龄, 识别潜在风险, 并采取措施改善自己的长期健康状况。
*The company in the charge of the chairwoman certainly has the potential for growth.
由女会长掌管的那家公司肯定有发展潜力。词汇复现
*Numerous patients didn’t realize the potential risks to health associated with the drug. 大量的病人没有意识到这种药物对健康的潜在危害。 词汇复现
【拓展延伸】
the potential of (doing)sth. (做)某事的可能性/潜力
have the potential to do sth. 有潜力做某事
【即学活用】
(1)语法填空。
①People who do not smoke have less potential __ suffering from lung cancer than those who smoke.
②He has the potential __ be appointed as manager this year.
(2)Considering that Frank didn’t ________________________ the important work well, the boss fired him.
考虑到富兰克没有做好这份重要工作的潜力, 老板开除了他。
3. enterprising adj. 有创业精神的; 有事业心的; 有进取心的
*All over the world, an increasing number of enterprising young people are thinking of starting their own businesses, as the growing economy creates more opportunities.
在世界各地, 越来越多有进取心的年轻人正在考虑创业, 因为经济增长创造了更多的机会。
*There are plenty of small industrial enterprises.
有许多小型工业企业。
*The trainee didn’t anticipated that he would get a job in which enterprise was rewarded.
这个实习生没有预料到他会得到一个对事业进取精神有回报的工作。词汇复现
*He was eager to return to a more entrepreneurial role in which he had a big financial stake in his own efforts.
他渴望回到一个更多参与创业的角色, 那样他所付出的努力会与自己的经济利益息息相关。
【拓展延伸】
enterprise n. 公司; 企业; 事业(心); 进取心; 创业精神
entrepreneurial adj. 创业的; 具有创业精神的
【即学活用】
(1)写出下列句子中的画线部分的汉语释义。
①Debra is a very ____________ young black businesswoman who is involved in a lot of activities. (有事业心的)
②The couple have been working in the small and medium-sized __________ ever since they graduated. (企业)
③Researchers pay attention to individual behavior as well as _______________ team. (创业的)
(2)The employees working in this __________ are ____________.
在这家企业工作的员工有进取心。
4. purchase v. 购买 n. 购买; 购买的东西
*If you are not satisfied with your purchase we will give you a full refund.
所购之物若不合意, 我们将全额退款。
*Most of those shares were purchased from brokers.
大部分的股份是从经纪人手中购得的。
*I need to get a purchase order for a marketing campaign.
我需要拿一张订购单, 为一个营销活动采购。
*The shepherd living in a temple has some purchases to make in town.
住在寺庙的这个牧羊人要去城里买些东西。词汇复现
【拓展延伸】
(1)purchase sth. for sb. 为某人买某物
purchase sth. for+money 买某物花多少钱
purchase sth. from 从……购买某物
(2)the purchase of 对……的购买
(3)purchaser n. 购买人; 采购员; 买主
【即学活用】
(1)语法填空。
①Among his _________ (purchase)were several tins of beans.
②With the Spring Festival approaching, train tickets must ____________ (purchase)two weeks in advance.
(2)用purchase进行同义句转换。
He paid ￥ 200, 000 for his new car.
=__________________________________________
5. consultant n. 顾问
*Our company didn’t have a specialist, so we hired a consultant.
我们的公司没有一位专家, 所以我们聘用了一位顾问。
*It is recommended that you should consult your doctor.
建议你去咨询医生。
*If you have no idea about it, consult a dictionary, please.
要是你对这个问题不清楚, 请你查字典。
*Before firing the new employee, the manager consulted with the board about it.
经理在解雇那名新员工之前和董事会商议过。
【拓展延伸】
consult v. 请教; 咨询; 查阅
consult (with)sb. about sth. 就某事向某人咨询; 与某人商量某事
【巧学助记】语境助记consult
She is consulting with her deskmate whether to consult their teacher or to consult a dictionary on the question.
关于这个问题, 她正和同桌商议是请教老师还是查阅词典。
【即学活用】
(1)语法填空。
①Tom consulted ____ his brother on his plan.
②His work as a __________ (consult)consisted in advising foreign companies on the siting of new factories.
(2)根据语境猜测词义。
①Shirley’s brother is now a __________ heart surgeon in Sweden. (顾问)
② _______ the chart on page 44 for the correct cooking times. (查阅)
③Everybody likes to _______ with him about their problems; large or small. (商议)
6. access to 接近, 去……的通路, 使用……的机会(权利)
*What really matters is a sound business plan, access to capital, and good management and negotiating skills.
真正重要的是一个健全的商业计划, 资金的获取, 以及良好的管理和谈判技巧。
*The only access to the farmhouse is across the fields.
去那间农舍的唯一道路是穿过田野。
*Villagers say the fence would restrict public access to the hills.
村民们说这个围栏将限制公众进入山区。
*They now have access to the mass markets of Japan and the UK. 他们现在进入了日本和英国的大众市场。
*The country has no access to foreign loans or financial aid.
该国得不到任何外国贷款或经济援助。
【拓展延伸】
(1)have/get/gain/obtain access to. . . 可以接近/会见/进入……
(2)accessible adj. 可进入的; 可使用的
be accessible to 可进入……; 可使用……; 易接近……
【即学活用】
(1)语法填空。
①Kids shouldn’t have access __ violent films because they might imitate the things they see.
②All the sites are free to the public and __________ (access)to anyone with an Internet connection.
③Fallen rocks cut off the only ______ to the village, so it is not __________ to outside now. (access)
(2)一句多译。
住在这里的人可以免费去那个游泳池。
①____________________________________________________________. (access)
②_____________________________________________________________. (accessible)
7. They stared back, their blank faces giving no clue, as to what they would say next.
他们回望着我, 脸上毫无表情, 不知道接下来要什么。
【句式解构】句子中 their blank faces giving no clue 为“逻辑主语+ 现在分词”的独立主格结构。独立主格结构的逻辑主语与主句的主语不一致, 它独立存在。
*Head down, eyes on my smartphone, I stepped into the road and a car shot past, missing me by centimeters.
我低着头, 眼睛盯着智能手机, 走到马路上, 一辆车飞驰而过, 离我差了几厘米。
*Mary has written two novels , both of them having been made into television series.
玛丽已经写了两部小说, 都被拍成了电视剧。
*All the tickets sold when they arrived, they went away, disappointed.
当他们到达的时候, 票都卖光了, 他们失望地走开了。
【名师点津】独立主格结构
该结构一般作状语, 表示时间、条件、原因、伴随状况等, 常见的独立主格结构是:
(1)名词/代词+ 名词
(2)名词/代词+ 形容词/副词/介词短语
(3)名词/代词+ 现在分词/ 过去分词/ 不定式
【即学活用】
(1)语法填空。
①Lots of work _____(do), I have to stay at home all day.
②Then she leapt backwards, back ______(arch)and fur on end, tail held out stiffly.
(2)①我手里拿着剑跟着他。
___________________________________
②The human body is composed of organs, ________________________________ (每一个都有特定的工作去做).
(3)句型转换。
The trees there are extremely tall, and some measures over 90 meters.
→The trees there are extremely tall, some _________ over 90 meters.
8. It was only then that the locals began to believe me.
直到那时, 当地人才开始相信我。
【句式解构】本句为强调句型, 强调的是时间状语“then”。
*These things were real, and it was within their reality that Cunningham saw both beauty and potential.
这些都是真实的, 坎宁安在他们的真实中看到了美和潜力。
*Mary feeds the dog every morning at 8 a. m.
玛丽每天早晨8点喂狗。
(1)强调主语Mary: It is Mary who/that feeds the dog every morning at 8 a. m. .
(2)强调宾语 the dog: It is the dog that Mary feeds every morning at 8 a. m. .
(3)强调状语①强调时间: It is every morning at 8 a. m. that Mary feeds the dog.
②强调地点: It is in the garden that Mary feeds the dog every morning at 8 a. m. .
Mary是在花园里喂的狗。注意不能用where代替 that, 同样, 如果强调时间状语, 不能使用when。
【名师点津】强调句型知多少
(1)强调句型中的it 不能用其他词代替。
(2)用is 还是was 要根据原句的时态而定: 属于现在或将来时间范畴的所有时态用is; 属于过去时间范畴的所有时态用was。
(3)被强调部分指人时, 可以用who 代替that, 其他情况一律用that。如果强调时间状语不能用 when 代替 that, 同样, 如果强调地点状语, 不能使用 where。
(4)判断句子是否为强调句型的方法: 去掉it is/was 与that/who, 剩余部分若结构完整、句意明确, 则为强调句型, 否则就不是。
【即学活用】
(1)语法填空。
①You are waiting at a wrong place. It is at the hotel ____ the coach picks up tourists.
② __ is my father that/who will have a face-to-face talk with me.
③It was when I got back to my apartment ____ I first came across my new neighbors.
④It was because of their help ____ a disaster was avoided.
(2)父母关心的是孩子的安全。(强调宾语)
____________________________ parents are concerned about.
【要点拾遗】
1. distribution n. (商品的)分销, 经销; 分配; 分布; 分发; 分送
*After I went on TV, a major Asian manufacture of cosmetics was willing to purchase my product and help with its distribution. 我上电视后, 一家亚洲主要化妆品制造商愿意购买我的产品并帮助其分销。
*Some of the victims are complaining loudly about the uneven distribution of emergency aid.
其中一些灾民大声地抱怨紧急援助物资分配不均。
*The key focus of the marketing mix will be on price and distribution. 营销组合的重点将放在价格与配送上。
*The organization distributed food to the earthquake victims.
这个机构向地震灾民分发了食品。
【拓展延伸】
distribute v. 分发; 分配; 分销; 使散开; 使分布; 分散
distribute. . . among. . . 在……之间分发……
【即学活用】语法填空。
(1)The map shows the ____________ (distribute)of this species across the world.
(2)The money was distributed _____ schools in the area.
2. guidance n. 指导; 引导; 导航
*She advises that people be realistic and seek guidance from expert consultants before rushing into things. 她建议人们实事求是, 在仓促行事之前, 先征求专家顾问的意见。
*The guidance systems didn’t work and the missile couldn’t hit its target. 导航系统失灵, 导弹未能命中目标。
*We hired a local guide to get us across the mountains.
我们雇了一名当地人做向导带领我们翻山越岭。
*She guided us through the busy streets to the cathedral.
她带领我们穿过繁忙的街道去大教堂。
【拓展延伸】
guide n. 指南; 导游, 向导
vt. 指导; 引路
under one’s guidance 在某人的指导下
【即学活用】 完成句子。
(1)___________________________(在他姐姐的指导下), he completed my project.
(2)When the meeting was over, the secretary ________________________(带领这名新员工到)the manager’s office.
(3)There is ____________(一名导游) on every bus.
(4)The stranger _________________ (带领我穿过)the noisy street.
3. A few, like Zhang Yue, find themselves lucky enough to get investment and the all-important input and support from more experienced business people.
像张月这样的少数人发现自己很幸运, 能够从拥有更多经验的商人那里获得投资和重要的投入和支持。
【句式解构】本句为“find + 宾语+宾语补足语”结构, 表示“发现……处于某种状态”。
*Mary hurried there, only to find them out.
玛丽匆匆赶到那里, 结果却发现他们都出去了。
*When he woke up, he found himself in hospital.
当他醒来时, 发现自己在医院里。
*I found a number of people already working there.
我发现很多人已经在那里工作了。
*The old man found his hometown much changed.
这位老人发现自己的家乡有了很大的变化。
【名师点津】
“find+宾语+宾语补足语”结构, 表示“发现……处于某种状态”, 宾语补足语可由名词/形容词/副词/介词短语/现在分词/过去分词充当。若宾语与宾语补足语之间为主动关系, 要用doing作宾语补足语, 若为被动关系, 则用done。
类似的能接名词/形容词/副词/介词短语/现在分词/过去分词作宾语补足语的还有:
keep/leave/+宾语+宾语补足语 使. . . ……处于某状态
with+宾语+宾语补足语, 宾语补足语还可以用to do表示动作尚未发生。
【即学活用】
(1)语法填空。
①We went home, finding our pet dog ______ (fix)its eyes on an insect.
②To improve our linguistic skills, many of us have to endure hours of school lessons or evening classes, with our heads _______(bury) in textbooks.
(2)You will _________________________.
你会发现她是一个漂亮的女孩。
(3)The cup ___________________
杯子被发现破了。
4. She advises that people be realistic and seek guidance from expert consultants before rushing into things. 她建议人们实事求是, 在仓促行事之前, 先征求专家顾问的意见。
【句式解构】此句为advise后跟从句用虚拟语气即“(should+)动词原形”。
【名师点津】
后跟名词性从句, 从句谓语用“(should+)动词原形”的动词:
一个“坚持”(insist);
两道“命令”(order, command);
四条“建议”(suggest, propose, advise, recommend);
四点“要求”(demand, desire, request, ask)。
【即学活用】
(1)语法填空。
①The workers in the factory demanded that their pay _________ (raise)by 20 percent.
②He advised his grandma that she ___________ (make)good use of her spare time.
(2)The doctor demanded that Mary ____________________________________(在工作和玩耍之间保持平衡).
课时达标
Ⅰ. 单句语法填空
1. You need a password to get access __ the computer system.
2. They advise that a passport __________ (carry)with you at all times.
3. She opened the box and looked at her _________ (purchase), which were appealing.
4. If a cook is found _______ (smoke), he will be fired.
5. It was not what he said but what he did ____ had an effect on me.
6. Our eyes _____ (fix)on her, she came in, with butterflies in her stomach.
7. The company has gradually expanded its ____________ (distribute)network to include Canada and Mexico.
Ⅱ. 句型转换
1. We came to this small town, hoping to live a simple life.
=We came to this small town ______________ living a simple life. (介词短语作状语)
2. I find that he is willing to learn English.
=I find ___________ to learn English. (find+宾语+宾语补足语)
3. The minister advised him to leave as soon as possible.
=The minister advised ____________________ as soon as possible. (虚拟语气)
4. Because the water had risen, they could not cross the river. (转化成强调句型 )
_________________________________________________________________________
5. In the presence of so many people he was little tense, and it was understandable. (which引导非限制性定语从句)
__________________________________________________________________________
Ⅲ. 完成句子
1. Their room was on the third floor, its window _____________________________.
他们的房间在第三层楼上, 窗户俯视着操场。
2. _________________________, he still made the same mistake.
他被批评了很多次, 但还是犯了同样的错误。
3. _____________________________________ I knew the truth.
只是在他告诉了我之后, 我才知道这个真相。
4. When you see a studio quality photo, ________________ and do some more investigations.
当你看到工作室质量的照片, 退后一步, 做更多的调查。
5. He changed his mind again, _______________________.
他又改变了主意, 这使我们大家都生气了。
Ⅳ. 结合课文主题使用本单元词汇与句型, 根据提示写一篇50词左右的短文 。
1. 有许多年轻的创业者梦想着成功和独立。(dream of )
2. 但我建议, 他们应该实事求是, 在急于求成之前先向专家顾问寻求指导。(advise的虚拟语气/rush into)
3. 最重要的是, 不要太有野心, 要为一路上的挑战做好准备。(advice的虚拟语气/名词性从句)
4. 我认为这些建议有助于他们成功。(contribute to)
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
【参考答案】
词汇探索
Ⅰ. 1. forehead 2. blank 3. dizzy 4. potential 5. enterprising 6. phase 7. purchase 8. distribution 9. bonus 10. guidance 11. consultant Ⅱ. 1. are fond of 2. surrounded by 3. as to 4. was willing to 5. dreamed of 6. access to 7. Most of all 8. contribute to
阅读理解
Ⅰ. 1. rose 2. freedom 3. back 4. investment 5. work 6. determination 7. access to capital 8. ambitious 9. limits
Ⅱ. 1～5. CBADD
Ⅲ. 1. (1)额头上流淌的汗水, 部分是由于电视演播室的高温 (2)说服人们为我工作, 这完全超出了我的经验 (3)看到同样梦想着成功和独立的同龄人
2. (1)Her sound business plan, passion and devotion. The support from more experienced people, such as investment and guidance. (2)Yes, because I can experience the freedom of being my own boss just like Zhang Yue and I can apply what I have learnt to practice.
要点精析
1. (1)in (2)a (3)breath 2. (1)①of ②to (2)have the potential to do 3. (1)①enterprising ②enterprise ③entrepreneurial (2)enterprise; enterprising 4. (1)①purchases ②be purchased (2)He purchased his new car for ￥ 200, 000. 5. (1)①with ②consultant (2)①consultant ②Consult ③consult 6. (1)①to ②accessible ③access accessible (2)①People living here get access to that swimming pool for free. ②People living here are accessible to that swimming pool for free 7. (1)①to do ②arched (2)①I followed him here, sword in hand ②each having a definite job to do (3)measuring 8. (1)①that ②It ③that ④that (2)It is children’s safety that
【要点拾遗】
1. (1)distribution (2)among 2. (1)Under his sister’s guidance (2)guided the new worker to (3)a tour guide (4)guided me through 3. (1)①fixing ②buried (2)find her a beautiful girl (3)was found broken. 4. (1)①be raised ②(should)make (2)(should)keep a balance between work and play
课时达标
Ⅰ. 1. to 2. be carried 3. purchases 4. smoking 5. that 6. fixed 7. distribution
Ⅱ. 1. in the hope of 2. him willing 3. that he should leave 4. It was because the water had risen that they could not cross the river. 5. In the presence of so many people he was little tense, which was understandable.
Ⅲ. 1. overlooking the sports ground 2. Criticized for many times 3. It was only after he had told me that 4. take a step back 5. which made us all angry
Ⅳ. There are many young entrepreneurs dreaming of success and independence. But I advise that they should be realistic and seek guidance from expert consultants before rushing into things. The most important advice is that they shouldn’t be too ambitious and be prepared for the challenges along the way. I think these tips can contribute to their success.Unit 4　Everyday economics
Writing
对比文
也许你在考试、工作和日常生活中经常需要比较和对比事物，这时你撰写的文章就是对比文。一般来说，这类文章通常是对事物的正反两个方面或者两种不同的观点进行对比，从而得出结论。
这类作文是以考生面临的两种选择为主题，最终以考生本人的选择和态度归结全文。如果考生对选择的态度是明确的，即二者选其一，那么考生分别阐述两种不同的观点的时候应该有自己的主观倾向性。比如： 对赞成事物的优点要详写，缺点要略写；对反对的事物则反之，从而使自己的观点得以实现。如果考生的态度是不明确的，即两者各有利弊，那么就不应该完全肯定某一个事物，也不应该彻底否认另一个事物。如果个人看法与文章前面列举的某种观点相同或相似并且需要论述理由时，考生要避免简单地重复前面提到的论点。
[基本框架]
开头：阐述标题中涉及的现象并且提出问题。
主体：两种选择以及其理由或者优缺点。
结尾：综合前面的分析，表明自己的态度或者做法，并且简述选择的理由。
[常用词块]
1．an attempt to reach a consensus 达成共识的尝试
2．oppose changing the law 反对改变这个法规
3．a heated argument 一场激烈的争论
4．be regarded as immoral 被认为是不道德的
5．take account of environmental issues 考虑各方面的环境问题
6．in favour of equal pay for equal work 支持同工同酬
7．as far as sb.be concerned 就某人而言
8．when it comes to (doing)sth.当涉及(做)某事时
[常用语句]
★精彩开头
1．There is no consensus of opinions among people as to...人们对……没有共识。
2．When it comes to...，people's opinions/ideas/views vary from person to person.当涉及……，人们的观点因人而异。
3．When asked...，people have different opinions.当被问及……，人们有不同的观点。
4．Different people have different opinions.不同的人有不同的观点。
5．There is a heated debate over...关于……有一场激烈的争论。
6．Opinions are mainly divided into two groups.意见主要分为两类。
★丰满主体
1．Many people hold the view that...许多人认为……
2．It is commonly accepted that...人们普遍认为……
3．However，some people take a different attitude.然而，有些人持不同的态度。
4．They regard that...他们认为……
5．Some people who are in favour of the idea of...hold that...支持这种观点的人认为……
6．On the one hand，...On the other hand，...一方面，……另一方面，……
★余味结尾
1．As for me/in my eyes/in my viewpoint，...至于我/在我看来/在我看来，……
2．As far as I am concerned，I strongly oppose...就我而言，我强烈反对……
3．Taking all the above into account，I stand on the side of...综上所述，我支持……
学以致用
移动支付已经全面走进我们的生活，但人们对此褒贬不一。一家英语报社现以移动支付为话题向中学生征文，请结合它的优点和缺点，以及你的个人观点写一篇征文。
注意：1.词数80 左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考词汇：移动支付mobile payment；电子账户e account
【参考答案】
学以致用
【参考范文】
Mobile payment is becoming increasingly popular in China.But，people's opinions are divided on the cashless payment.
Most people argue that it is quick and convenient，as well as saves paper.However，those not in favour of it worry about the safety of e accounts，from which hackers may steal money easily.
In my opinion，almost all the e accounts are insured and available only with passwords or fingerprints.Therefore，I am deeply convinced that its advantages far outweigh its disadvantages and the green payment deserves to be promoted.

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