资源简介

Unit 5　Into the unknown
Developing ideas
阅读理解（P56－57）
1．Which one can not benefit from the exploration of the oceans according to the passage
A．The discovery of natural resources.
B．Trade and economy.
C．Biological discoveries.
D．Archaeological discoveries.
2．Which one do you think make China become the world's top ocean explorer
A．China's discovery of an ice like substance.
B．The discovery of bone white coral.
C．The Jiaolong holds the record for the deepest dive by a manned submarine.
D．China's cooperation with other countries.
Words and Phrases
　check out调查，检查，核实； 结账离开(旅馆等)
[教材P54]　So while you may be tempted to check out a strange object or to test the waters of a new situation，it can be safer to steer clear of the unfamiliar.
所以，当你想要查看一个陌生的东西或尝试一个新环境时，避开不熟悉的东西会更安全。
[例1]　 This photocopy machine is not working properly. Could you check out the problem
这台复印机不正常工作了，你检查一下好吗？
[例2]　Check out how many key skills you already have and find out which ones you might need to develop!
核实你已经具备了多少关键技能，并找出哪些是你需要提升的吧！
[造句]　或许我们应该去趟图书馆，查个明白。
__________________________________________________________
[知识拓展]
check in　 (在旅馆、机场等)登记
check over/through 仔细检查；核对；核查
check on sb./sth. 检查，查看(是否安全、令人满意或在做应该做的事)；核实，调查
[即学即练]　完成句子
①We've __________(登记入住)at the hotel.
②Guests should _________ (结账离开) of their rooms by noon.
③__________________(仔细检查) your work for mistakes.
　set out 出发，动身；陈述，阐明
[教材P54]　In more recent times, Norwegian explorer, Roald Amundsen endured one of the most hostile environments on Earth when he set out into uncharted territory to reach the South Pole.
在最近一段时间里，挪威探险家罗尔德·阿蒙森经历了地球上最恶劣的环境之一，他踏进了未知的区域，去往南极。
[例1]　When setting out on a long walk, always wear suitable shoes.
当出发进行长途步行时，一定要穿合适的鞋子。
[例2]　We set out to paint the whole house but finished only the front part that day.
我们开始着手粉刷整幢房子，可是那天只完成了前面的部分。
[造句]　他已经实现了他3年前的奋斗目标。
__________________________________________________
[知识拓展]
set off 　　　 出发，动身；使爆炸；引起，激发
set about doing sth.＝ set out to do sth.开始/着手做某事
set...aside 把……放到一旁；省出，留出(钱或时间)
set down 写下，记下；制定；规定
set up 建立，创立；建起，竖起
set sail 启航
set sail for 启航前往……
set sail from 从……启航
[即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子/句型转换
①The luxury liner(豪华客轮)Titanic set sail ___ the west coast of the Atlantic in cheers, but eventually ended up on the bottom of the ocean.
②Ralph W. Emerson would always set ____ new ideas that occurred to him.
③The police set out _________ (rescue)the people buried in the ruins.
④The ship will ________(启航)at once and its destination is Paris.
⑤I wanted to _______________(出发) early in order to avoid the traffic.
⑥We _______________________(开始准备)the party one week ago.
⑦Our teachers advise _____________(省出来) a certain hour each day for reading.
⑧On arriving home, I set about doing my homework.
→On arriving home, I______________ my homework.
　if any 如果有的话
[教材P56]　Today，some 500 years after the Esmeralda set sail，there is little－if any－land on our planet left unexplored.
今天，在“埃斯梅拉达号”启航大约500年后，我们的星球上几乎没有未经探索的陆地了。
[例1]　What one quality，if any，do you like the most about your partner
你最喜欢你伴侣的哪一点，假如有的话？
[例2]　Problems，if any，should be solved without delay.
有问题要及时解决。
[造句]　就算有困难，也不会太大。
______________________________________
[知识拓展]
if possible 　　　 如果可能的话
if necessary 如果必要的话
if so 如果是这样的话
if ever 如果曾经有的话
if not 不这样的话
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①I think there is a train at midday.If ___，you will have to wait till 5 pm.
②It is said that she was admitted to a famous university in 2018.If __，I am really proud of her.
　lie v．躺；平躺；平卧；平放；处于，保留，保持(某种状态)n.谎言；位置
[教材P56]　Fragments of the past lying deep beneath the oceans are still waiting to be discovered.
过去的碎片深埋在海底，仍等待着被发现。
[例1]　I should lie down for a bit，if I were you.
如果我是你，我就会躺一会儿。
[例2]　Why don't you go upstairs and lie down for a bit
你为什么不上楼去躺一会儿呢？
[造句]　他正躺在树荫下，想着下一步做什么。
_____________________________________________________________
[知识拓展]
(1)tell a lie/lies 　　　 说谎；撒谎
a white lie 善意的谎言
(2)lie to sb. 对某人撒谎
lie in 在于，位于
lie down 躺下
lie on one's back/side/stomach 仰卧/侧卧/俯卧
(3)liar n. 说谎者
[明辨异同]　lie/lay
词义 原形 词性 过去式 过去分词 现在分词
说谎 lie vi. lied lied lying
躺；位于 lie vi. lay lain lying
放置；下蛋 lay vt. laid laid laying
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①I saw there were two instructors on board and a man ______(lie)across the middle.
②Don't tell a ___ (lie) any more，or most people will lose faith in you.
③In fact，the key to easy morning wake up lies____resetting your body clock.
④The boy ______in the bed _____that he had ____ the book on the bookshelf，but in fact he kept it for himself.(lie/lay)
　imagine v．想象；认为
[教材P57]　Imagine bone white coral 6，000 metres below the ocean's surface，growing at the rate of only one or two millimetres per year.
想象一下，在海平面以下6，000米处的白骨珊瑚，以每年只有一两毫米的速度生长。
[例1]　He could not imagine a more peaceful scene.
他想象不出比这更祥和的景象。
[例2]　She couldn't imagine living in a place like that.
她无法想象住在那样一个地方。
[造句]　你能想象生活中没有电是什么样的情景吗？
__________________________________________________________________
[知识拓展]
(1)imagine(sb./sb.'s)doing sth. 想象(某人)做某事
imagine sb./sth.as/to be... 把某人/物想象成……
imagine＋从句　 想象……
(2)imagination n. 想象；想象力
beyond imagination 超乎想象，出乎意料
(3)imaginative adj. 富有想象力的
[即学即练]　单句语法填空/句型转换
①Can you imagine the man________(live)on a lonely island for three years
②I never knew my grandmother，but I always imagine her ___a kind and gentle person.
③The student would tell something wildly____________(imagine) flying in the sky or in a time machine or growing three heads.
④I did not imagine it would be so difficult.
→It was so difficult that it was _____________________．
【参考答案】
阅读理解1－2　BC
Words and Phrases
[造句] Maybe we ought to go down to the library and check it out. [即学即练] ①checked in ②check out ③Check over/through
[造句] He has achieved what he set out to do 3 years ago. [即学即练] ①for ②down ③to rescue ④set sail ⑤set off/set out ⑥set about preparing for ⑦setting aside ⑧set out to do
[造句] There won't be much difficulty，if any. [即学即练] ①not ②so
[造句] He was lying in the shade of a tree，thinking what to do next. [即学即练] ①lying ②lie ③in ④lying lied laid
[造句] Can you imagine what it would be like to live without electricity [即学即练] ①living ②as ③imaginative ④beyond my imaginationGrammar
复习名词性从句
课堂领悟
[语法图解]
[探究发现]
①What we find out from space research is important for us on Earth.
②It's well known that the ancient Chinese invented the rocket.
③We think it probable that he is dead.
④The teacher showed us the controls of the spacecraft and explained how gravity worked.
⑤They insisted that everyone (should) come to the party.
⑥The proposal that we (should) import more equipment from abroad is to be discussed at the meeting.
⑦I have no idea when she will be back.
⑧The question remains whether they will be able to help us.
⑨The problem is who we can get to replace her.
[我的发现]
课堂领悟
(1)①②句为______从句，③④⑤句为______从句，⑥⑦句为_______语从句，⑧⑨句为______从句。
(2)②③⑤⑥⑧句中的引导词只起连接作用，在从句中不作成分，①⑨句中的引导词为连接______，④⑦句中的引导词为连接______。
(3)②③句中使用了______作形式主语或形式宾语，而真正的主语从句或宾语从句后置。
(4)____句中的that可省略，其他句中的that一般不可省略。
(5)⑤⑥句中的从句使用了________。
语法精析
名词性从句包括主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句。
一、名词性从句的连接词
1．that
(1)that只起连接词作用，引导名词性从句，在从句中不作任何成分，本身也没有词义。
That he is still alive is sheer luck.
他还活着全靠运气。
John said that he was leaving for London on Wednesday.
约翰说他星期三要去伦敦。
(2)that在引导名词性从句时，常可省略，但在以下情况中，that不宜省略。
①that引导的主语从句位于句首时，that不可省略。
②当动词后带有两个并列的宾语从句时，引入第二个从句的连词that不可省略。
③当that宾语从句前有it作其形式宾语时，that不可省略。
④that引导的从句作介词的宾语时，that不能省略。
⑤引导表语从句和同位语从句时，that一般不可省略。
The teacher told the students (that) they should hand in their homework the next day and that the homework must be signed by their parents.
老师告诉学生要在第二天上交作业，并且作业必须由家长签名。
The fact that he has fully recovered makes me feel good.
他已痊愈，真令我高兴。
2．whether/if
(1)if，whether引导的名词性从句是由一般疑问句或选择疑问句转化而来的，whether与if表示“是否”，只起连接词的作用，引导从句，在从句中不作任何成分。
(2)whether和if有时可通用，但在下列情况下，只可用whether：
①whether引导主语从句并放在句首。
②引导表语从句。
③whether从句作介词宾语。
④从句后有“or not”。
⑤后接动词不定式时。
Whether there is life on the moon is an interesting question.
月球上有没有生命是个有趣的问题。
The question is whether she should have a low opinion of the test.
现在的问题是她是否应该对这次测试有较低的评价。
Everything depends on whether we have enough money.
一切要看我们是否有足够的钱。
[即时训练1] ——用that/whether/if填空
①________ the college will take in more new students this year is true.
②___________ he can finish this task on time is of great importance.
③The students asked the question ______________ the book was worth reading.
④Let me know ___________ or not you can come.
⑤I don't know ______________ he still lives there after so many years.
⑥We are interested in ___________ you will attend the meeting.
⑦Give me your promise ________ you will come to our party this evening.
⑧He has made it clear ________ he will not give in.
3．疑问词who，whom，whose，what，which，where，why，when，how
疑问词引导的名词性从句由特殊疑问句转化而来。它们的特点是：
(1)疑问词保留自己的疑问含义；
(2)疑问词在从句中担当句子成分，如主语、宾语、定语或状语；
(3)这种疑问词引导的从句一律用陈述语序，不能用疑问语序。
Do you know whom they are looking for
你知道他们在找谁吗？
I don't know who did it.
我不知道这是谁干的。
[即时训练2] ——选词填空
who，whom，whose，what，when，where，why，when，how
①I have no idea _______ Mike refused an offer from Yale University; that's one of his favorite universities.
②These shoes look very good. I wonder _______ much they cost.
③________ the delayed flight will take off depends much on the weather.
④If it is ________ we need，we will buy it.
⑤The problem is _______ we can get to solve this question.
⑥A straw shows _________ way the wind blows.
⑦Have you decided ________ you are to elect as your assistant
⑧I wonder _________ this is.
⑨I don't know _________ Lu Xun once lived.
4．whatever，whichever，whoever，whomever引导名词性从句的用法
whatever，whichever，whoever，whomever可引导主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句，并在从句中作主语、宾语和表语等。在此用法中whatever，whoever等在从句中通常不含疑问意义。whatever＝anything that，whoever＝anyone who。
I will just say whatever comes into my mind.
我想到什么就说什么。
Whoever breaks the rules will be punished.
谁违反这些规则都将受到处罚。
[即时训练3] ——选词填空
whatever，whichever，whoever，whomever
①I'll give the ticket to ___________ wants it.
②I don't believe in letting children do ____________ they like.
③He was free to marry ____________ he chose.
④_____________ of you comes first will receive a prize.
二、it作形式主语或形式宾语的名词性从句
1．that引导主语从句通常用it作形式主语，而将that从句置于句末。
It it quite clear that the whole project is doomed to failure.
很显然，整个计划注定要失败。
It's a pity that you should have to leave.
你非离开不可，这真是件遗憾事。
2．whether/who/what…等疑问词引导主语从句时也常用it作形式主语，而将真正的主语从句置于句末。
It it not yet decided who will do that job.
还没决定谁做那项工作。
It is still unknown which team will win the match.
还不知道哪支队伍将赢得比赛。
3．动词find，feel，consider，make，believe等后面的宾语从句跟宾语补足语时，常使用形式宾语it，而将真正的宾语从句移至句末。
I think it best that you should stay here.
我认为你最好待在这儿。
4．有些动词如：have，take (认为)，put (表达)，like，see to等＋形式宾语it＋that从句。
I like it that you came.
你来了，我很高兴。
I take it (that) he will come on time.
我认为他会准时来的。
5．表示喜爱、憎恶等感情的动词enjoy，hate，love，like，dislike，appreciate，prefer等＋it＋when (if) 从句。
I like it when people are open and straight.我喜欢人们开朗、坦率的性格。
I really appreciate it when she offered to help.如果她能帮助我做这件事，我会十分感激。
I would prefer it if you would not use such a mocking tone.
如果你不使用这么一种嘲弄的口吻，我会更喜欢。
[即时训练4] ——单句语法填空
①I think ______ necessary that we take plenty of water every day.
②I hate it ________ people talk with their mouths full of food.
③I have made it a rule ________ I keep diaries.
④It is doubtful ___________ he will come here.
【参考答案】
课堂领悟
(1)主语; 宾语; 同位语; 表语 (2)代词; 副词 (3)it (4)⑤ (5)虚拟语气
语法精析
[即时训练1]
①That ②Whether ③if/whether ④whether ⑤if/whether ⑥whether ⑦that ⑧that
[即时训练2]
①why ②how ③When ④what ⑤who ⑥which ⑦whom ⑧whose ⑨where
[即时训练3]
①whoever ②whatever ③whomever ④Whichever
[即时训练4]
①it ②when ③that ④whetherUnit 5　Into the unknown
Starting out & Understanding ideas
速读：阅读教材P50－51课文，完成下列任务
Ⅰ.阅读判断
判断下列句子提供的信息是正确，还是错误，还是没有提及
1．William Gadoury studied ancient star charts at a very young age.
A．Right.　B．Wrong.　C．Not mentioned.
2．The most amazing thing about Maya is the way that its complicated structures were built.
A．Right.　B．Wrong. C．Not mentioned.
3．Maya was accurate to within 30 seconds per week.
A．Right.　B．Wrong. C．Not mentioned.
4．Maya people were living in small settlements.
A．Right.　B．Wrong. C．Not mentioned.
5．There are many reasons why Maya civilisation disappeared.
A．Right.　B．Wrong. C．Not mentioned.
Ⅱ.补全信息
选择正确选项填入空白处，补全所给句子提供的信息
A．what caused the Maya to abandon most of their great cities
B．Why Maya civilisation collapsed
C．how powerful the secrets of Ancient Maya civilisation are among people
D．What is most extraordinary about these complex structures
E．that the locations of the 117 known Maya cities correspond to the positions of the stars
1．Through comparison，he found ．
2．Although his theory has been dismissed by scholars，it shows ．
3． is how they were built without the use of wheels，metal tools or even animal power.
4．But the greatest mystery of all is ．
5． remains a mystery.
Ⅲ.表格填空
MAYA　CIVILISATION
Time around 1._______ to 2._______
Location from 3._______into 4._______________.
Possible reasons for collapse human causes They turned 5.________ into 6.______.
They dug 7.__________________.
Their population 8.________.
natural causes 9._______________ led to a series of droughts，each lasting for 10._________________.
细读：阅读教材P50－51课文，完成下列任务
Ⅰ.主旨匹配
1．Para.1　 A．Natural causes contributes to the disappearance of Maya civilisation.
2．Para.2 B．The rise and fall of Maya civilisation leaves us reflecting on ourselves.
3．Para.3 C．An introduction of Ancient Maya civilisation.
4．Para.4 D．People are very interested in Ancient Maya civilisation.
5．Para.5 E．Ancient Maya civilisation began to decline mysteriously.
6．Para.6 F．Human causes reduced people's ability to deal with natural disaster.
Ⅱ.单项选择
1．What is the purpose of Paragraph 1
A．To give a short introduction of William Gadoury.
B．To introduce the topic.
C．To show us that William Gadoury was wrong.
D．To introduce ancient star charts.
2．Why was Maya calendar so accurate
A．Because it is very complicated.
B．Because they took advantage of their understanding of mathematics and astronomy.
C．Because there are many characters in it.
D．Because they have a writing system.
3．What is the purpose of Europeans' arrival in Central America
A．To save Maya people.
B．To learn something from them.
C．To ask for wealth.
D．To destroy Maya.
4．What probably caused Maya civilisation to disappear
A．A natural disaster.
B．A deadly disease.
C．Conflicts between cities.
D．A combination of several different factors.
Ⅲ.概要写作——变换表达方式
A．阅读课文原句，注意改写句的表达方式的变换
1．Although his theory has been dismissed by scholars，it shows how powerful the secrets of Ancient Maya civilisation are among people.
→Despite being dismissed by scholars，his theory proves that Ancient Maya civilisation has a dramatic effect on people.
2．Maya civilisation has been surrounded by mystery since its rediscovery in the 19th century.
→Mystery has surrounded Maya civilisation since its rediscovery in the 19th century.
3．But the greatest mystery of all is what caused the Maya to abandon most of their great cities.
→But the greatest mystery of all is why the Maya abandoned most of their great cities.
B．变换下列句子的表达方式
1．Some research seems to indicate that the Maya people themselves may have played a part in their downfall.
→_______________________________________________
2．Research also suggests that those natural disasters may have led to the decline of the Maya.
→_______________________________________________
3．Meanwhile，the rise and fall of this civilisation must also leave us thinking about our own past，present and future.
→_______________________________________________
【参考答案】
速读：
Ⅰ.1—5　BABBA
Ⅱ.1—5　ECDAB
Ⅲ. 1.1800 BC 2.1100 AD 3.Mexico 4.Central America 5.wetlands 6.fields 7.huge canal systems 8.expanded 9.Fewer tropical cyclones 10.a couple of years
细读：
Ⅰ.1—6　DCEFAB
Ⅱ.1－4　BBCD
Ⅲ. B．1．Some research seems to suggest that the Maya people may have been involved in their downfall．2．Research indicates that natural disasters may have resulted in the decline of the Maya．3．Meantime，the rise and fall of this civilisation must also leave us considering our past，present and future.Unit 5　Into the unknown
Writing
说明文
说明文是以说明为主要表达方式来解说事物、阐明事理而给人以知识的文章，它要求语言准确简明，通俗浅显，条理清晰而又有逻辑性。需要注意的是，说明文是陈述客观事实，所以这种文体通常采用一般现在时。
[基本框架]
第一部分：简述神秘现象(什么样的神秘现象，何时何地被发现，科学家对此的解释和论据)。
第二部分：不同的看法。
第三部分：自己对这种现象的认识。
[常用词块]
1．a series of attacks 一连串的袭击行为
2．muddy footprints on the kitchen floor 厨房地板上的泥脚印
3．a frightening experience一次可怕的经历
4．a reported sighting of the Loch Ness monster 据报道有人看见尼斯湖水怪
5．bring sth.to light 披露某事
6．due to human error 由于人为错误
[常用语句]
★精彩开头
1．The monster of...is back in the news...……怪物……又上新闻了。
2．It is known to all that...众所周知……
3．It lies in...它在于……
4．It looks like...它看起来像……
★丰满主体
1．Some scientists think that...一些科学家认为……
2．Some people believe in its existence，because...有些人相信它的存在，因为……
3．By recent research，we can learn that...通过最近的研究，我们可以了解到……
4．Other scientists consider...其他科学家认为……
★余味结尾
1．Personally，I(don't)believe...就我个人而言，我(不)相信……
2．As far as I am concerned，I think...就我而言，我认为……
3．In my point of view，I believe...在我看来，我相信……
学以致用
“北美大脚怪(Bigfoot)”一直引发人们的热议。请根据所给提示写一篇短文。
出没地带 北美
怪物描述 像猿(ape)，高6－10 英尺，重约500 磅以上，全身覆盖棕色或红色毛，头和眼睛很大，脚印长达24英寸
发现情况 科学家和研究人员也找到了相关的毛发粪便(waste)以及大脚印等
结论 无其他证据证明其存在，也许是当地传说以吓唬徒步者或者猎人
注意：1.字数80字左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
【参考答案】
【参考范文】
Bigfoot，which was first seen in North America，is one of the world famous mysteries.
Witnesses described it as an ape like creature.It was said to be 6－10 feet tall，weighing over 500 pounds and was covered in brown or red fur with large eyes and a big head.Footprints up to 24 inches long have been found.
Teams of scientists and researchers who have gone there to do research have found things related to it，such as waste，fur and so on.However，so far there has been no other evidence to prove its existence.
As far as I am concerned，I think it may be just folk tales or stories to terrify hikers and hunters in North America.

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