资源简介

Unit 6　Space and beyond
Developing ideas
课文理解
阅读教材P68－69课文，选出最佳选项
1．When was the Hubble Space Telescope launched into orbit
A．Some 300 years later.
B．The first telescope was angled at the night sky.
C．Almost 400 years after the first Earth-based telescope was invented.
D．In 2016.
2．Which one can not be seen by ordinary telescope
A．Subatomic particles.
B．Galaxies.
C．Stars.
D．Images of the universe.
Words and Phrases
　submit v．提交；服从
[教材P67]　Submit a three-minute video introducing yourself and saying why you would be an ideal space candidate.
提交一个三分钟的视频介绍自己，并说明为什么你会是一个理想的空间候选人。
[例1]　Completed projects must be submitted by 10 March.
已完成的方案必须在3月10日前提交上来。
[例2]　I had asked everyone to submit questions in advance of the meeting.
我已要求每个人在会议之前提交问题。
[造句]　 他向委员会提交了关于那个案件的报告。
_______________________________________________________
[知识拓展]
submit sth.to sb.　　 将某物提交给某人
submit oneself to sth. 顺从于……
submit that... 主张；认为
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①Should a wife submit herself __ her husband
②I also submitted __ the board our suggestions and recommendations.
　work out计算出；拟定出；锻炼；健身;(如期)发生；进展(顺利)
[教材P68－69]　Not only that—it has also helped us to work out the age and nature of the universe，and discover the incredible fact that universe is expanding at an ever-increasing speed.
不仅如此，它还帮助我们计算出宇宙的年龄和性质，并发现宇宙正在以不断加快的速度膨胀这一令人难以置信的事实。
[例1]　There is something wrong with my computer，I want my cousin to work out the problem.
我的计算机出问题了，我想要我堂弟帮我解决这个问题。
[例2]　We found the way to work out this math problem by discussing it.
通过讨论，我们找到了解决这道数学题的方法。
[造句]　 看看你能不能把这份账单算出来。
__________________________________
[知识拓展]
at work 　　　　 在工作中
off work 在休假中，没去上班
out of work 失业
work against... 反对……；对……不利
work off 靠工作慢慢消除……；发泄
work on 继续工作；从事
[即学即练]　写出下列句中work out 的含义
①You can work out the answer by adding all the number. ___
② He used to work out in the morning everyday. ____
③I hope that the new project will work out well. __
④ The plot is so complicated，it will take you a while to work it out.__
⑤UN negotiators have worked out a set of compromise proposal. ___
　engage v．吸引住(注意力、兴趣)；雇用；聘用；与……建立密切关系；尽力理解
[教材P69]　To see even further into the universe，many countries are now engaged in building ever more advanced telescopes.
为了更深入地观察宇宙，许多国家正致力于建造更先进的望远镜。
[例1]　Even in prison，he continued to engage in criminal activities.
他甚至在监狱里还继续从事犯罪活动。
[例2]　Industry leaders want scientists to engage in fundamental research，not applied research.
行业领袖希望科学家从事基础性研究，而非应用性研究。
[造句]　她从事保护野生鸟类的工作。
________________________________________
[知识拓展]
(1)engage(oneself) in 　　 从事
(2)engage sb.as 聘用某人
(3)engage sth. 吸引 (注意力等)；占用(时间等)
(4)engage sb.in 使某人参加；卷入
sb.be engaged in sth. 某人忙于某事
(5)be engaged to sb. 和某人订婚
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①He engaged my sister___ his secretary.
②We engaged him __ conversation.
③My daughter is engaged ___a young teacher.
　compose v．构成，组成；作曲，写诗
[教材P69]　The 500-metre dish of the “Eye of Heaven”，as it is known，is being used in the search for dark matter，thought to be composed of subatomic particles invisible to ordinary telescopes.
众所周知，500米口径的“天眼”盘被用来寻找暗物质，暗物质被认为是由普通望远镜看不见的亚原子粒子组成。
[例1]　Mere facts do not compose a good book.
单单是事实还不能构成一本好书。
[例2]　The force would be composed of troops from NATO countries.
这支军队将由来自北约国家的部队组成。
[造句]　 委员会由十人组成。
______________________________
[知识拓展]
(1)be composed of sth.＝be comprised of sth.＝be made up of sth.＝consist of sth.　由……组成
(2)composer n. 作曲家
(3)composed adj. 沉着的
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①Life mainly__________(consist) of happiness and sorrow.
②The famous ________ is _________ a waltz__________of 3 parts.(compose)
　fetch 取来；接来；拿来
[教材P71]　A vacuum cleaner also comes in handy for fetching items that are floating around out-of-reach!
吸尘器也可以方便地抓取够不到的漂浮物！
[例1]　The dog fetched the ball and returned it to his master.
狗把球衔回来给了主人。
[例2]　“Here doggy，fetch！” I shouted as I threw the ball.
我一边扔球一边喊道：“小狗，接住！”
[造句]　露西，请从冰箱里给我拿点水果。
_________________________________________________
[明辨异同]　bring/take/fetch/carry
bring 意为“带来；拿来”，表示从别的地方将某人或某物带到或拿到说话者所在的地点来(由远而近)。
take 与bring的意思相对，意为“带去；拿去”，指从说话者所在地把某人或某物带走或拿走(由近而远)。
fetch 意为“去拿来；去请来”(由近而远，再由远而近，指往返动作)。
carry 指“随身携带”(如搬，提，拿，扛，抬，抱，背，带等)，不具体说明来去的方向，有时含有沉重或麻烦之意。
[即学即练]　选词填空(bring /take /fetch /carry)
①Please ask Uncle Tom to ______you here in August.
②Remember to ____ your books when you leave.
③Can you _____ some more water for me
④The wounded men were _______ away.
【参考答案】
课文理解
1－2　CA
Words and Phrases
[造句]He submitted the report on the matter to the committee. [即学即练]①to ②to
[造句]See if you can work this bill out. [即学即练]①计算出 ②锻炼身体 ③进展 ④理解 ⑤拟定出
[造句]She is engaged in protecting wild birds. [即学即练]①as ②in ③to
[造句]Ten men compose the committee. [即学即练]①consists ②composer composing composed
[造句]Lucy, fetch me some fruit from the fridge please. [即学即练]①bring ②take ③fetch ④carriedUnit 6　Space and beyond
Grammar
课前领悟
[语法图解]
[探究发现]
①The topic of the poem can't be travel.
②It must be something more personal.
③It may be friendship.
④It might be the journey through life.
⑤Li Bai must have had a strange life.
⑥He can't have been interested in a normal life.
⑦He may have died when he fell out of a boat.
⑧You should read the poem sometime.
⑨Could you answer a few questions，please
⑩I told her to stop singing，but she wouldn't listen.
[我的发现]
(1)①～⑦句表示推测，其中⑤～⑦句表示对______所发生的事情的推测。
(2)⑧句表示说话人的意愿，意为“______”，⑨句表示______，⑩句表示______。
要点讲解
一、情态动词表推测
(一)情态动词表推测的三种句式
1．在肯定句中一般用must(一定)，may(可能)，might/could(也许，或许)。
You have worked hard all day.You must be tired.
你辛苦干了一整天，一定累了。
The thought that she might be ill annoyed him.
想到她或许病了，他就不安。
2．否定句中用can't/couldn't(不可能)，may not/might not(可能不)。
If Tom didn't leave here until five o'clock，he can't be home yet.
如果汤姆五点才离开这儿，他此时一定还未到家。
He said that I might not borrow his car.
他说我可能不用借他的车。
3．疑问句中用can/could(能……？)。
Could he have finished the task
他可能把任务完成了吗？
Can he be at home now
他现在能在家吗
[即时训练1] ——用适当的情态动词填空
①He ________ be ill. He looks so pale.
②He was afraid they __________ not agree with him，but I am not quite sure.
③It ______________________ be the headmaster. He has gone to America.
④Someone is knocking at the door. Who _______ it be
⑤It _______ take a long time to find a solution to the problem.
(二)情态动词表推测的三种时态
1．对将来情况的推测，用“情态动词＋动词原形”。
She must/may/might arrive before 5.
5：00前她一定/可能/也许到。
2．对现在或一般情况的推测，用“情态动词＋be”“情态动词＋be doing”或“情态动词＋动词原形”。
At this moment，our teacher must/may/might/could be correcting our exam papers.
这时，我们老师一定/可能/也许在批改试卷。
Mr Bush is on time for everything. How can/could he be late for the opening ceremony
布什先生一向准时，这次开幕式他怎么可能迟到呢？
3．对过去情况的推测，用“情态动词＋have＋过去分词”。
I didn't hear the phone. I must have been asleep.
我刚才没有听到电话，我想必是睡着了。
The door is locked. He can not have been at home.
门锁着，他不可能在家。
(三)情态动词表推测的特殊用法
1．can除了表示推测，用于疑问句和否定句中外，还可以用于肯定句中，表示“在某段时间内一时的可能性”。
It can be quite windy there，especially in spring.
那里有时容易刮风，特别在春季。
2．must表示“一定，非得；偏要”，语气强烈。
If you must ask for a leave today，you must give out your reason.
如果今天你非要请假的话，你就得说出理由。
[即时训练2]
(1)单句语法填空
①Listen，he must ________________(read) English.
②Since nobody gave him any help，he must ______________(do) the research on his own.
③It is important to know about the cultural differences that may __________(cause) problems.
(2)选词填空(must/may/might/can/can't)
①If you ________ go，at least wait until the storm is over.
②We enjoy good weather in January，but sometimes it _______ be terribly cold.
③I haven't decided where I'm going for my holiday. I _______________ go to France.
④The story he told __________ be true，because it is not reasonable.
⑤_______ they finish this before the deadline
二、should，could，would的用法
(一)could的用法
1．表示过去一般的能力(即想做某事就随时可以做某事的能力)。
Could you speak English then
那时候你会说英语吗？
【提示】 若表示过去的特定能力(即在过去特定场合做某事的能力)，则不能用could，而用was (were) able to do sth或用managed to do sth或用succeeded in doing sth等。
The fire was very big but everyone was able to escape from the building.
火势很凶猛，但大家都逃了出来。
2．could表示推测，表示某事有可能发生或可能是事实。在肯定句中没有must那么有把握；在否定句中没有can't那么有把握。
He couldn't be a bad man.
他不大可能是坏人。
He could have gone home.
他可能已回家了。
3．比较委婉客气地提出问题或陈述看法。
Could you drive me to the station
你可以开车送我去车站吗？
We could take the train or alternatively go by car.
我们可以坐火车去，也可以坐汽车去。
4．表示惊异、怀疑、不相信等态度。
How could he say such a thing
他竟说出这种话来！
5．could have done表示“可能已经……”。此外，它还可以表示“本能够做某事(而没有做)”，暗含惋惜之情。
You could have done better if you had been more careful.
你要是再细心一点，是可以做得更好的。
(二)should的用法
1．表示义务、建议、劝告，意为“应该”，用于各种人称。其同义词是ought to。
Every citizen should obey the law.
每个公民都应当遵守法律。
You shouldn't waste any time.
你不应该浪费时间。
2．表示推测：用于肯定句，表示按常规、常理的推测，意为“按理说应该”。
The film should be very good as it is starring first class actors.
这部电影是一流演员主演的，应该拍得很好。
If all goes according to plan we should be in Shanghai tomorrow.
如果一切按照预定的计划进行，明天我们就在上海了。
3．表示说话人对某事不能理解，感到意外、惊异等意思。意为“竟会”。
It is a pity that he should miss such a golden opportunity.
他竟错过如此大好机会，真可惜。
4．用于某些从句中表示虚拟语气。
She suggested that they should book the ticket in advance.
她建议他们预先定票。
5．should have done sth表示“本应该做某事(而事实上并没有做)”。
shouldn't have done sth表示“本不该做某事(而事实上做了)”。
You should have turned in your homework yesterday.
你们本该昨天交作业。
(三)would的用法
1．表示请求、建议等，would比will委婉客气。在疑问句中用于第二人称。
Would you please lend me your pencil
请把铅笔借给我用用好吗？
2．表示意愿，在陈述语气和虚拟语气中都可用。
He would not leave before he finished his work.
他在完成工作以前不愿离开。
3．表示过去的习惯、例行的活动或过去的一种倾向。
He would sit at the table，deep in thought.
他总是坐在桌边，陷入沉思。
4．用在虚拟语气的主句中。
If you went to see him，he would be delighted.
如果你去看他，他一定非常高兴。
She would have come if she hadn't been so busy.
要不是因为忙她就来了。
[即时训练3]
(1)句型训练
①They __________________________ from the flood.
他们成功地从洪水中逃离。
②He _______________________ in the morning when he was a student.
他过去上学时总是在早晨大声朗读。
③We ____________________________________ her in the classroom.
我们本不应当在教室里开她的玩笑。
④If the car ________________________ on the way，you would have to walk back.
万一汽车中途抛锚，你就得走回来。
⑤____________________ I use the phone
我可以用这个电话吗？
(2)选词填空(could/should/would)
①I don't like fish，so I __________ not eat it unless I was extremely hungry.
②Every time she was in trouble，she __________ turn to him for help.
③We ___________ have checked the time before we left.
④You can't imagine that a well behaved gentleman ___________ be so rude to a lady.
⑤I __________ not have enjoyed myself more — it was a perfect day.
⑥You __________ have done it well，but you were too careless.
强化训练
Ⅰ.用适当的情态动词填空
1．—You needn't take an umbrella.It isn't going to rain.
—Well，I don't know.It __________ do.
2．The train is to start soon and Mike hasn't arrived. What _______ have happened to him
3．I ___________ have handed in my homework yesterday，but unfortunately I forgot about it totally.
4．—She looks very happy. She ________ have passed the exam.
—I guess so. It's not difficult after all.
5．It _______ sound like a perfect destination，but it is really adventurous to go there.
6．My book was here a second ago but now it's missing. Someone ________ be playing a joke on me.
7．The traffic is heavy these days. I __________ arrive a bit late，so could you save me a place
8．When he was there，he __________ go to that coffee shop at the corner after work every day.
9．You ___________ help your mother with the housework in your spare time.
10．Why are your eyes so red You _______ not have slept well last night.
Ⅱ.语法与写作
1．I'm sorry to say that ________________________________________________ on Friday afternoon.
非常抱歉星期五下午我不能和你去书店了。
2．I'd appreciate it if ______________________________.
如果你能帮助我，我会非常感激。
3．We ____________________ around 4 o'clock in the afternoon.
我们应该在下午四点左右回来。
4．You mentioned that you ____________________________________ in return，which is exactly what I am dying for.
你提到作为回报你愿意教英语，这正是我所渴望的事。
5．I will be grateful if you _____________________________________________.
如果你能多加关照，我将不胜感激。
6．Secondly，_____________________________ noodles
第二，吃面条你介意吗？
7．It's strange that he ____________________ on such an important occasion.
很奇怪，这么重要的一个场合他竟然迟到了。
【参考答案】
课前领悟
(1)过去 (2)应该; 请求; 意愿
要点讲解
[即时训练1]①must ②might ③can't/couldn't ④can ⑤may
[即时训练2](1)①be reading ②have done ③cause (2)①must ②can ③may/might ④can't ⑤Can
[即时训练3](1)①were able to escape ②would read aloud ③should not have made fun of ④should break down ⑤Could/Can/May (2)①would ②would ③should ④should ⑤could ⑥could
强化训练
Ⅰ. 1．might 2．can 3．should 4．must 5．may 6．must 7．might 8．would 9．should 10．can
Ⅱ. 1．I cannot go to the bookstore with you 2．you could do me a favor 3．should be back 4．would like to teach English 5．could give me a kind consideration 6．would you mind eating 7．should be lateUnit 6　Space and beyond
Starting out and Understanding ideas
词汇探究
Ⅰ. 根据语境及汉语提示写出正确的单词
1. lived an _____________(平常的) life
2. cast a ______(阴影) on
3. ______(尖声大叫) at sb. /sth.
4. _________(暂停) strike
5. the officers and ____(全体机组人员)
6. the _____________(航天飞机)
7. ordinary _________(短途出行)
Ⅱ. 选词填空
set foot on, become accustomed to, be aware of, take off, tune in, be about to, a sense of, on board, cast a shadow on, take one’s place
1. I’m afraid that somebody will ______________ because of his serious mistakes.
2. All seven astronauts ________ were killed.
3. Christa hoped to communicate __________ excitement and rekindle interest in the space programme.
4. The programme is ________ to the tastes of young and old alike.
5. The scandal ________________ his career.
6. I ask him whether he was disappointed to be the second person to ___________ the moon.
7. It was special because Christa McAuliffe aged 37, an ordinary teacher and mother, ____________ become the first civilian in space.
8. We ____________ the potential problems and have taken every precaution.
9. I hate to say farewell, but my plane is about to ________.
10. The boy has ____________________ speaking English in public.
阅读理解
Ⅰ. 文本细节理解: 探寻语篇细节信息
1. What were people’s feelings when people watched that first lunar landing
A. happy　　B. nervous　 　C. amazed　 　D. proud
2. What can we infer from Para. 2
A. The challenger wasn’t so attractive as the first lunar landing to people.
B. Christa was the first to give lessons in space.
C. Before the 1980s, the space shuttle had appeared.
D. The disaster made a difference to people.
3. What didn’t happen after the disaster
A. People’s attitude to space travel changed.
B. Space shuttle flight were suspended for over 3 years.
C. People succeeded in launching Discovery.
D. The disaster inspires people to continue space exploration.
4. What is the main idea of the last paragraph
A. The great people in space exploration
B. The memory of the dead seven people
C. The cause of the disaster
D. The meaning of the disaster
Ⅱ.文本素养提升: 阅读技能综合运用
1. 根据课文语境与语句知识细致解构语句。
(1)Millions watched that first lunar landing on black and white television sets, their hearts in their mouths, aware of(形容词短语作状语)how arduous and hazardous an undertaking it was(how引导的宾语从句), and of the many things that could go wrong(that引导的定语从句).
译文: 数以百万计的人在黑白电视机上观看了第一次登月, 他们心惊胆战, _________________, 也意识到了许多可能出错的事情。
(2)Guided by a computer(过去分词短语作状语)that was much less powerful than the ones(that引导定语从句)used by today’s average school students(过去分词短语作定语), all three astronauts of the Apollo 11 mission made it safely back to Earth.
译文: 阿波罗11号任务的三名宇航员在一台_________________________, 安全返回地球。
(3)The sacrifice of the Challenger calls to us, reminding us(非谓语动词短语作状语)that we must continue to reach for the stars(that引导的宾语从句), no matter how distant they might seem(now matter how 引导的让步状语从句).
译文: 挑战者的牺牲召唤着我们, 提醒我们, 无论星星看起来多么遥远, _________。
2. 课文语法填空。
Ever since Neil Armstrong first set foot on the Moon, people (1)___________(become)accustomed to the notion of space travel. So when the Challenger space shuttle took off, the world seemed (2)____________(lose)its wonder at the amazing achievements of the astronauts involved. But this was going to be (3)__(not) ordinary excursion, and millions of people tuned in to witness the take-off on TV. It was special (4)_______ an ordinary teacher was about to become the first civilian to give a lesson. (5)__________(tragic), the shuttle exploded with all seven astronauts on board were killed. It was the most disastrous space accident ever, and it cast a shadow on people’s hearts. (6)_________(follow)the shock of the disaster, space shuttle flights were suspended (7)___ nearly three years. But there was never any doubt (8)____ manned flights would continue, and on 29 September 1988, the space shuttle programme resumed with the (9)__________(success)launch of Discovery. Although the lives of its crew were cut short, the (10)______(memorize)of those seven will live forever, written in the stars, inspiring us to join them in humanity’s greatest journey of exploration and discovery.
3. 阅读主题活动。
(1)Why do you think people continue to explore space despite the risks
________________________________________________________________________
(2)Would you like to go into space Give your reasons.
___________________________________________________________________________
要点精析
1. become accustomed to习惯于(做)某事
*Ever since Neil Armstrong first set foot on the Moon back on 20 July 1969, people have become accustomed to the notion of space travel.
自从1969年7月20日尼尔·阿姆斯特朗踏上月球以来, 人们已经习惯了太空旅行的概念。
*You’re going to have to get used to bacon and eggs with a few slices of toast for breakfast over here, Aunt Mei!
梅姨, 您得适应这里腌肉、鸡蛋加几片烤面包的早餐!
*The shepherd was a person who was accustomed to having eight hours’ sleep a night.
这个牧羊人是一个习惯每晚睡八个小时的人。
*I must get accustomed to the new job as soon as possible.
我必须尽快地适应新的工作。
【拓展延伸】
(1)be/become/grow/get accustomed to (doing)sth.习惯于(做)某事
(2)get/be used to (doing)sth. 习惯于……
be used to do sth. 被用来做某事
used to do sth. 过去常常做某事
【即学活用】 语法填空
①I was accustomed to _____ (be)the only child at a table full of adults.
②She had not yet become accustomed __ the fact that she was a rich woman.
③She used to ____(live)with her parents, but now she is used to ______ (live)with her classmates at school.
2. unexceptional adj. 平常的
*Following the Moon landings, space travel rapidly became unexceptional to the public, as innovations succeeded each other. 在登月之后, 太空旅行对公众来说很快就变得平常了, 因为创新接踵而至。
*Since then, Michael has lived an unexceptional life.
自那以后, 迈克尔过着平淡的生活。
*At the age of five the genius showed exceptional talent as a musician.
这位天才在五岁时就表现出作为音乐家的非凡才能。
*This deadline will be extended only in exceptional circumstances. 只有在特殊情况下才会延长最后期限。
*Nobody had much money at the time and I was no exception.
那时候谁都没有很多钱, 我也不例外。
【拓展延伸】
unexceptional 　　　　adj. 平常的
exceptional adj. 杰出的; 罕见的
exception n. 例外
no exception 不例外
without exception 毫无例外; 无一例外
【即学活用】 语法填空
(1)School governors have the discretion to allow parents to withdraw pupils in ___________ (exception)circumstances.
(2)The problem of environmental protection affects all countries, and China is __ exception.
(3)You must all take the examination _______ exception.
3. cast a shadow on给……蒙上阴影
*It was the most disastrous space accident ever, and it cast a shadow on people’s hearts.
这是有史以来最严重的太空事故, 给人们的心灵蒙上了阴影。
*A researcher has now cast/throw light on the mystery of how the pyramids were built. 一位研究人员现在已经揭开了金字塔是如何被建造的神秘面纱。
*The children were having fun, chasing each other’s shadows.
孩子们追逐着彼此的影子, 玩得很开心。
*The new leader wants to escape from the shadow of his predecessor. 新任领导想要摆脱前任的影响。
【拓展延伸】
shadow 　　　　　　n. 阴影, 坏影响
cast/throw light on 使(某事)显得非常清楚; 阐明
【易混辨析】shade/shadow
①shade n. 阴凉处, 背阴处 指树阴等遮挡阳光的阴凉之地, 无一定的轮廓。
*Let’s sit in the shade and keep cool.
我们坐在阴凉处乘凉吧。
*These trees supply shade in the summer.
夏天这些树提供一片阴凉。
②shadow n. 影子, 阴影 指人或物在光照下形成的影像, 有明显的轮廓。
*The trees throw their shadows on the lake.
树在湖上投下了影子。
*Suddenly, she saw the shadow of a man in the window.
突然, 她发现窗户上有个男子的人影。
【即学活用】
(1)语法填空
The accident cast a shadow __ the safety of China’s fast expanding subway network.
(2)小时候树在湖上投下了奇怪的影子给他的心理蒙上阴影。
As a child, the strange _______ that trees throw on the lake ________________ his psychology.
4. suspend v. 暂停; 中止; 悬; 挂; 吊
*Following the shock of the Challenger disaster, space shuttle flights were suspended for nearly three years.
在“挑战者”号灾难发生后, 航天飞机停飞了将近三年。
*A lamp was suspended from the ceiling.
一盏吊灯悬挂在天花板上。
*The athlete received a two-year suspension following a positive drug test, which was being looked into. 该运动员因药检结果呈阳性而被禁赛两年, 这件事正在调查中。
【拓展延伸】
suspension　　n. 暂停; 中止
【易混辨析】pause就是一般意义的暂停的意思; suspension有搁浅, 停职观察, 暂时停学观察的意思。
【即学活用】
语法填空
(1)I think her __________(suspend)from the team was a very harsh punishment.
(2)Dave _____________ (suspend) from school for a week because he violates the school discipline too many times.
5. crew n. (轮船上和飞机上的)全体人员
*Although the lives of its crew were cut tragically short, they take their place alongside the other heroes of space exploration.
虽然机组人员的生命是悲惨短暂的, 但他们却与其他太空探索英雄们并肩而行。
*The officers and crew prepared to abandon the vessel in an orderly fashion.
全体船员秩序井然地准备弃船。
【名师点津】
主谓一致的问题:
audience/class/family/team/group/crowd/crew作主语(强调整体)+单数谓语动词+其他
audience/class/family/team/group/crowd/crew作主语(强调个体)+复数谓语动词+其他
【即学活用】
语法填空
(1)The class ___(be)to play different parts in the play.
(2)His audience mainly ________(consist)of football lovers.
(3)The crew ___(be)of different nationalities and have no common language.
6. She planned to give two 15-minute lessons from orbit: the first to demonstrate the controls of the spacecraft and explain how gravity worked, and the second to describe the objectives of the Challenger programme. 她计划从轨道上讲两节15分钟的课程: 第一节演示航天器的控制并解释重力是如何工作的, 第二节介绍“挑战者”计划的目标。
【句式解构】
句子中 the first to demonstrate. . . /the second to describe. . . 为to do不定式作定语。
* He was the last guest to arrive.
他是最后一个到达的客人。
*Neil Armstrong was the first to set foot on the moon.
尼尔·阿姆斯特朗是第一个登上月球的人。
*Miss Brown was the next person to rise to speak.
布朗小姐是下一个起来发言的人。
【知识延伸】
1. 被修饰的名词前有the only, the next, the best, the first, the last以及有序数词或形容词最高级修饰的名词时且所填的动词与所修饰的名词之间是主动关系时, 用不定式作后置定语。
He was the first one to think of the idea.
他是第一个想到这一点的人。
2. 只能以不定式作定语的名词: ability, anxiety, attempt, curiosity, decision, desire, disposition, failure, freedom, inclination, obligation, offer, permission, plan, promise, refusal, reluctance, temptation, tendency, willingness, wish, yearning等表示愿望、企图、打算、能力等意义的词。
Their decision to leave was very annoying.
=Their decision that they decided to leave was very annoying.
他们要走的决定叫人心烦。
3. 被修饰的词语是something, nothing, anything等不定代词时, 只能用不定式作后置定语。
There is nothing to worry about.
没有什么需要担心的事情。
4. 当定语表示的是将来要做的事情时, 要用不定式作后置定语。
The letter to be written is to my father.
这封即将要写的信是写给我的爸爸。
【即学活用】
(1)语法填空
①They have now an opportunity _____(go)abroad to study further.
②I have nothing ______ (say)on this question.
③He was the first man _______ (elect)president.
④He is the first ______(win)the election.
(2)____________________________ varies from person to person.
对疼痛的忍受力因人而异。
(3)They should be able to find you the best package __________________.
他们应该能提供满足你需要的最佳套餐。
【要点拾遗】
1. take off起飞; 脱下; 事业腾飞; 休假; 突然大受欢迎
*When the Challenger space shuttle took off on 28 January 1986, the world seemed to have lost its wonder at the amazing achievements of the astronauts involved.
当“挑战者”号航天飞机于1986年1月28日升空时, 世界似乎已经对参与其中的宇航员的惊人成就失去了惊奇。
*Many businesses started up by college students have taken off. 许多由大学生创办的企业已经腾飞。
*Mitchel’s schedule had not permitted her to take time off, but she still threw herself into her career.
米切尔的日程安排使她无法休假, 但她仍积极投入到自己的事业中去。
He wouldn’t take his hat off until the plane took off.
直到飞机起飞他才摘下帽子。
【拓展延伸】
take on　　　承担; 呈现
take in 吸收; 理解; 欺骗
take up 从事(职业); 占据(时间; 空间); 接受(挑战; 建议)
take over 接管; 继承
【即学活用】
语法填空
(1)The chameleon(变色龙)can take __ the colours of its background.
(2)The table takes __ too much room.
(3)It is amazing that the teenager will take ____ the company next year.
(4)Don’t be taken __ by his words—he is a cheat.
(5)If this sweater is not comfortable, I suggest you take it ___ immediately.
2. scream v. (因疼痛, 惊恐, 兴奋等)尖声大叫; n. 尖叫
*The Challenger had exploded in mid-air and we all started screaming. “挑战者”号在半空中爆炸了, 我们都开始尖叫。
*People ran for the exits, screaming out in terror.
人们惊恐万状, 尖叫着奔向出口。
*He screamed at me to stop.
他冲着我喊, 要我停下来。
*While running for his life, the suspect got hurt and let out a scream of pain.
在逃命途中, 嫌犯受伤了, 发出痛苦的尖叫。
【拓展延伸】
scream out 　　高声喊; 大声叫
scream at 对……大喊
【易混辨析】
cry: 一般指因恐惧、痛苦、惊奇等而喊叫。
shout: 指有意识地高声喊叫, 常用于提出警告、发命令或唤起注意等。
exclaim: 多指因高兴、愤怒、痛苦、惊讶等突发感情而高声喊叫。
roar: 指发出大而深沉的声音、吼叫或咆哮。
scream: 指因恐惧、快乐或痛苦而发出的尖叫声。
yell: 多指求援、鼓励时的呼叫。也可指因外界因素刺激而发出尖厉声音。
call: 指大声说话或喊叫, 以引起某人的注意。
【即学活用】 语法填空
(1)He covered her mouth to stop her from _________ (scream).
(2)I was screaming __ them to get out of my house.
(3)A man sleeps in his tent until he hears _ scream of terror from outside.
3. The world went into shock, most people having assumed that this space flight would be no more dangerous than travelling in an aeroplane. 世界震惊了, 大多数人认为这次太空飞行不会比乘飞机更危险。
【句式解构】
本句为no +比较级+than 和……一样不……。
*This book is no more interesting than that one.
这本书和那本书一样令人不感兴趣。
*John is no more diligent than Tom.
约翰和汤姆一样学习不勤奋。
*The graduate is no more enterprising than Tom.
这个毕业生跟汤姆一样没有进取心。
*With his purse stolen, he is no richer than a beggar.
钱包被偷, 他穷如乞丐。
【知识延伸】
“no +比较级+than”与“not +比较级+than”
“no +比较级+than”用于否定两者, 表示“与……一样不”, 其义大致相当于其中形容词或副词的反义词用于as. . . as. . . 结构。如:
*This one is no better than that one. =This one is as bad as that one. 这个与那个一样不好。
“not +比较级+than”的意思是“不比……更”“不如”。如:
*He is not richer than you. 他不如你富有。
*This one is not better than that one.
这个不如那个好。
【即学活用】 一句多译
他认为这个问题和那个一样不难。
(1)____________________________________________________________
(2)_________________________________________________________
4. It has now been over 30 years since the loss of Challenger.
“挑战者”号失事已经30多年了。
【句式解构】
本句为It is/has been+时间段+since. . . 自从……已经多久了。
*It’s a thousand years since many ancient sculptures fell into ruin.
很多古代的雕塑已经毁了有一千年了。
It has been almost five years since I taught high school students.
我不教高中已经有五年了。
*It has been over 30 years since the exploration of the space shuttle.
自从这个航天飞机爆炸已经30多年了。
【知识延伸】
It is/ has been+时间段+since. . . 自从……已经多久了
It was (not )+时间段+before+一般过去时　过了一段时间就……
It will (not )be+时间段+before +一般现在时　要过一段时间才会……
It was+点时间+when. . .
It was+时间状语+that. . . (强调句型)
It is 3 years since he worked here. =he left here. (since从句中的谓语动词若是延续性动词, 要从这个动作结束的时候算起)
*It was not long before he sensed the danger of the position.
不久他就意识到他处境危险(动作已发生)
*It will be half a year before you graduate from the school. 　还有半年你才从这个学校毕业(动作未发生)
*It was 3 o’clock when they received the telephone.
他们接到电话时是3点钟。
*It was at 3 o’clock that they received the telephone.
他们是在3点钟接到电话的。
【即学活用】 语法填空
(1)It is three years _____ I joined the Party.
(2)It will be years ______ we meet again.
(3)It was five o’clock ____ he got home.
(4)It was at midnight ____ he arrived home yesterday.
课时达标
Ⅰ. 单句语法填空
1. However, instead of devoting themselves to their work, they find themselves working to support the lifestyle which they have so quickly become accustomed __.
2. It wasn’t until her friend was badly hurt that Kerry became aware __ her habit of finding fault.
3. Typically, more than three-quarters of Chinese households with televisions tune __ to the talk show.
4. No man has ever set foot __ that rocky island, it’s impossible to land there.
5. What had happened cast a shadow __ his childhood.
6. It has been ten years _____ I became a teacher.
7. The first student _______(take)part in the activity will be awarded a prize.
8. He was about _______(make)a getaway when the policeman arrested him.
9. When the group got to the airport, the plane had taken ___.
10. After graduation, the graduate gained the ability ______________(communicate)with customers sincerely.
Ⅱ. 句型转换
1. Because his wallet had been stolen, he didn’t know what to do next.
=_____________________________, he didn’t know what to do next. (独立主格)
2. It seems that they have lost their desire for life.
=They _________________ their desire for life. (seem to have done)
3. He was the first man who set foot on the moon.
=He was ____________________________ the moon. (the+序数词+to do不定式作定语)
4. The film is not as wonderful as The Wandering Earth.
=The film is ______________________ The Wandering Earth. (no+比较级+than)
5. Because he was devoted to reading novels, he didn’t notice me come in.
=_________________________, he didn’t notice me come in. (形容词短语作状语)
Ⅲ. 完成句子
1. I seem __________________________ something I don’t understand.
我似乎卷入了一件我并不知情的事情当中。
2. _______________________________ the computer came into being.
自从计算机问世以来已经有几十年的时间了。
3. The first applicant _______ was ________________________________________.
第一个来的应聘者和最后一个来的应聘者一样不积极。
4. The plane ________________, his parents left the airport.
飞机起飞后, 他的父母就离开了机场。
5. On _______________ the new country, he was aware that it would be hard _______________________ living here.
一踏上这个新的国家后, 他就意识到习惯这里的生活是困难的。
Ⅳ. 结合课文主题使用本单元词汇与句型, 根据提示写一篇50词左右的短文
1. 1969年7月20日, 尼尔·阿姆斯特朗第一次踏上月球, 人们胆战心惊地观看着。 (set foot on/独立主格)
2. 但“挑战者”号航天飞机起飞时, 人们似乎对这惊人的成就失去了好奇。(take off/独立主格)
3. 然而, 伴随着“发现”号的发射, 载人飞行再次继续。(非谓语动词短语作状语)
4. “挑战者”号的灾难激励着我们, 提醒着我们继续进行太空探索。(非谓语动词短语作状语)
【参考答案】
词汇探究
Ⅰ. 1. unexceptional 2. shadow 3. scream 4. suspended 5. crew 6. space shuttle 7. excursion
Ⅱ. 1. take his place 2. on board 3. a sense of 4. tuned in 5. cast a shadow on 6. set foot on 7. was about to 8. are aware of 9. take off 10. become accustomed to
阅读理解
Ⅰ. 1～4BABD
Ⅱ. 1. (1)意识到这是一项多么艰巨和危险的事业 (2)比现在普通学生使用的电脑功能要少得多的电脑的指引下 (3)我们都必须继续努力
2. (1)have become (2)to have lost (3)no (4)because (5)Tragically (6)Following (7)for (8)that (9)successful (10)memory
3. (1)Because people still believe in the significance of space exploration. (2)Yes, because I will have a whole new experience that most people don’t have. I can also experience the high-tech by myself as well as the beautiful sight in the universe.
要点精析
1.①being ②to ③live living 2. (1)exceptional (2)no (3)without 3. (1)on (2)shadows; cast a shadow on 4. (1)suspension (2)was suspended 5. (1)are (2)consists (3)are 6. (1)①to go ②to say ③elected ④to win (2)The ability to tolerate pain (3)to suit your needs
【要点拾遗】
1. (1)on (2)up (3)over (4)in (5)off 2. (1)screaming (2)at (3)a 3. (1)He think this question is no more difficult than that one. (2)He think this question is not as difficult as that one. 4. (1)since (2)before (3)when (4)that
课时达标
Ⅰ. 1. to 2. of 3. in 4. on 5. on 6. since 7. to take 8. to make 9. off 10. to communicate
Ⅱ. 1. His wallet having been stolen 2. seem to have lost 3. the first man to set foot on 4. no more wonderful than 5. Devoted to reading novels
Ⅲ. 1. to have involved myself in 2. It has been a few decades since 3. to come no more active than the last one to come 4. having taken off 5. setting foot on; to become accustomed to
Ⅳ. Neil Armstrong first set foot on the Moon back on 20 July 1969, people watching it with their hearts in their mouths. But the Challenger space shuttle taking off, people seemed to have lost their wonder at the amazing achievements. However, following the launch of Discovery, manned flights continued again. The Challenger disaster inspires us, reminding us to continue the space exploration.Unit 6　Space and beyond
Writing
日记
一、日记的格式
英文日记通常由书端和正文两个部分组成。日记属于应用文体，中、英文的日记格式大致一样。英语日记的书端是专门写日记的日期、星期和天气的。左上角是日期(年、月、日)、星期。右上角写上当天的天气情况，如：Sunny，Fine，Rainy，Windy，Snowy，Cloudy等。
1．日期表达有多种形式。年、月、日都写时，通常以月、日、年为顺序，月份可以缩写，日和年用逗号隔开。例如：
(1)September 1，2004或September 1st，2004也可省略写成Sept.1，2004或Sept.1st，2004；the 1st of September in 2004(月份不可以缩写)
(2)只有月、日：September 1或September 1st(月份可以缩写)
(3)只有年、月：September 2004或the September of 2004(月份不可以缩写)
以上的1或1st都应读作the first。
2．星期也可以放在日期前或后，星期和日期之间不用标点，但要空一格，星期也可缩写。如：
Saturday October 22nd，2004；October 22nd，2004 Saturday
3．天气情况必不可少。天气一般用一个形容词如：Sunny，Fine，Rainy，Snowy 等表示。写在日期之后，用逗号隔开，位于日记的右上角。如：
Saturday March 4，2004，Windy；January 1st，2004，Fine
二、日记的要求
日记的正文是日记的主要部分，写在星期和日期的正下方，可以顶格写，也可以内缩3至5个字母的空间。由于记载的内容通常已经发生，谓语动词多用一般过去时。但也可根据具体情况，用其它时态。如：记叙天气、描写景色，为了描写生动，可以使用现在时，以表现当时的情景。再如文后发表感想或评论可用现在时态或将来时态。记日记力求简单明了，有连贯性。若有文字提示，则应重视提示，把握要点。在句式上尽量使用简单句，以防繁杂，造成语法、句型错误。
三、日记的类型和训练
日记分为记事型、议论型、描写型和抒情型。建议大家在学习写日记的过程中，可按以下步骤进行：
1．将一天所经历的主要事情和过程依次简要地记下来，不附加任何感彩，这是最简单的记日记的方法；
2．阅读别人的日记，并利用所学过的句型来表达个人在一天中观察到的或感受到的事情。
[常用语句]
★精彩开头
1．Today my friends and I went to...
今天，我和我的朋友们去了……
2．The weather was fine. We went to the Forest Park for an outing.
天气晴朗，我们去了森林公园郊游。
★丰满主体
1．We had a good time playing and chatting with each other.
我们一起玩耍，聊天，度过了一段愉快的时光。
2．We are proud to make contributions to our society.
能为社会做贡献，我们感到骄傲。
3．This class trip impressed me deeply.
这次班级旅行给我留下了深刻的印象。
4．After my teacher talked with me，I came to realize that I was wrong.
老师和我交谈后，我开始意识到我错了。
★余味结尾
1．It was an unforgettable day in my life.
这是我生命中难忘的一天。
2．Though tired，we were very happy.
尽管很累，但是我们很开心。
3．The accident taught me a lesson：If we always follow the teacher's instructions and are careful，we can avoid making mistakes.
这次事故教会我，如果我们总能遵循老师的指示而且仔细认真点，我们就可以避免犯错误。
学以致用
假定你是May，应邀前往中国和好友一起欢度中国年。请你用英语写一篇日记记录这一段难得的异国经历和感受。内容包括：
1．春节期间你们参加了什么活动；
2．谈谈你的感受。
注意：1.日记的格式；
2．词数80字左右；
3．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
【参考答案】
【参考范文】
February 8thSaturdaySunny
I was so pleased that one of my friends in China invited me to stay with her during the past Spring Festival. That was really an enjoyable and unforgettable experience for me.
The Spring Festival in China is a special occasion for Chinese families to get together，so we visited some of her families and relatives. Besides，we tried some traditional foods，watched Dragon and Lion dance and participated in some other celebration activities.
Greatly impressed by the unique Chinese culture and attractive scenery，I have known further about China. In my point of view，it's indeed worthwhile to explore a foreign culture.

展开更多......

收起↑