资源简介

(共113张PPT)
Unit 5　
Learning from nature
[头脑风暴·思维发散]
　　Architects often take nature for granted but true wisdom lies in discovering,understanding and employing its principles.They take inspiration from nature,seek solutions to overcome challenges,and thereby position themselves at the frontier.They also recognise that applying these natural laws to architectural design can create buildings of superb harmony.This harmony can make occupants attain a sense of fulfilment,thus enabling the buildings to truly become links connecting humanity and nature.
建筑师们经常将大自然(的存在)视为理所当然,但真正的智慧在于发现、理解和运用自然的法则。他们从自然中汲取灵感,寻求解决方法来战胜挑战,从而让自己处于知识前沿。他们也认识到,将这些自然法则运用到建筑设计中可以创造出极为和谐的建筑。这种和谐可以使居住者获得一种满足感,从而使建筑真正成为连接人与自然的纽带。
Part 1
Starting out,Understanding ideas,
Using language
基础识记
1. 　　　　　　 n.池塘
2. v.播(种)
3. n.医生
写作词汇
pond
sow
physician
1.lotus　　　　　　 n.
2.termite n.
3.mound n.
4.algae n.
5.pine cone 　
6.tile n.
阅读词汇
莲花,荷花
白蚁
土堆,土丘
藻类(植物)
松果,松球
瓦片
7.mimic v.
8.waterfront n.
9.promenade n.
10.plumbing n.
11.biomimicry n.
12.dioxide n.
13.bat n.
模仿
滨水地区
滨海步行道
管道系统
仿生学
二氧化物
蝙蝠
14.echo-location n.
15.radar n.
16.swimsuit n.
17.dragonfly n.
18.drone n.
19.spider n.
回声定位
雷达
游泳衣
蜻蜓
无人驾驶飞机
蜘蛛
拓展词汇
1. n.建筑师→architecture n.建筑设计;建筑学→architectural adj.建筑学的;建筑上的
2. adj.极好的,出色的→superbly adv.雄伟地;壮丽地
3. v.使转变;使转换→conversion n.转变;转换;转化
4. n.(学科的)知识前沿→front n.前面;正面;前线 adj.前面的;前部的;正面的
architect
superb
convert
frontier
5. n.智慧→wise adj.明智的;充满智慧的→wisely adv.明智地;聪明地
6. v.使用,运用→employer n.雇主,雇用者,老板→employee n.雇员,受雇者→employment n.使用;雇用;就业→unemployment n.失业;失业
人数
wisdom
employ
重点词块及句型
重点词块
1.be used to　　　　　　
2.take...for granted
3.an example of...
4.be fed with
5.convert...into...
6.respond to
习惯于
认为……理所当然
……的一个例子
以……为养料
把……转变成……
响应,回应
7.live in harmony with
8.meet the needs of
9.be supposed to
10.seek solutions to
11.take inspiration from
12.come about
e into being
与……和睦相处
满足……的需求
应该
寻求解决方法
从……中获取灵感
发生
形成,产生
重点句型
1.In fact,we are used to them we may even take them for granted without realising .(“so...that...”引导结果状语从句;how much引导宾语从句)
事实上,我们已经习惯了它们的存在,甚至可能把它们视为理所当然,却没有意识到它们给了我们多少灵感。
so
that
how much inspiration they have given us
2. is natural to think in this way,but of course the umbrella
inspired the flower or the roof inspired the pine cone.(it作形式主语;强调句型)
以这种方式思考是很自然的,但当然不是雨伞给了花朵灵感,也不是屋顶给了松果灵感。
It
it wasn’t
that
that
3.The building was designed to show the connection between nature and the modern city environment .(“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句)
该建筑旨在展示自然和其所在的现代城市环境之间的联系。
in which it sits
4. ,it appears to float above the waterfront promenade and the water that surrounds it.(过去分词短语作
状语)
它的形状像一朵莲花,漂浮在海滨长廊上,四周被水环绕。
5. such as these enables us to live in closer harmony with our environment.(动名词短语作主语)
创造这样的建筑物能够使我们与环境更和谐地相处。
Shaped to resemble a lotus flower
Creating buildings
语篇导读·先行把握
▲
1.主题语境:人与自然——建筑设计与自然界的联系
2.语篇类型:说明文
3.课文内容分析:课文介绍了人类从自然界中获得灵感进行建筑设计的情况,并列举了三个代表性建筑。阅读本文有利于学生深入思考人类与自然的关系,合理利用自然资源,尊重自然规律,与自然和谐共生。
多维解读·浅析结构
▲
fascinating
resemble
connection
was inspired
energy
精研细读·深层理解
▲
(　　)1.What does the word “them” in Paragraph 5 refer to
A.Buildings.
B.Panels.
C.Algae.
D.Nutrients.
C
(　　)2.What can we conclude from the text
A.Nature can be our teacher.
B.Nature is full of mysteries.
C.Nature is influenced by human architecture.
D.Humans should protect nature.
A
(　　)3.How does the passage mainly develop
A.By making a comparison.
B.By following the order of time.
C.By listing numbers.
D.By giving examples.
D
(　　)4.Where does this text probably come from
A.A travel guidebook.
B.A natural science magazine.
C.An advertisement.
D.A biography.
B
二次开发·深研课文
▲
　　We are so accustomed to the beauty of nature that we don’t realise how much 1.　 　　　(inspire) it has given us.For instance,it’s natural to think an open flower 2.　 　　　(resemble) an umbrella but actually,
it is the flower 3.　　　　 inspires the umbrella.
inspiration
resembles
that
Nature has inspired many of 4.　　　 　 most fascinating designs around us,those in architecture included.People whose interest is exploring the relationship 5.　　 　　 art and science will enjoy Singapore’s ArtScience Museum.It is shaped to resemble 6.　　　　 lotus flower whose roof collects rainwater and then recycles it through the plumbing system.
7.　　 　　(watch) a nature documentary in which termites were constructing 8.　　　　(they) nests inspired Zimbabwean architect Mick Pearce to create the Eastgate Centre.
the
between
a
Watching
their
The building uses 9.　　　　(little) energy and costs less to run.In Hamburg,the Algae House’s surface is covered in panels containing algae,which capture heat from the sun and provide energy to power the building.Thus,the building not only uses less energy but also reduces damage to the environment.
　　10.　　　　(live) in harmony with nature,we had better learn from nature and even the simplest organisms can help us.
less
To live
重点词汇
1.be used to (doing) sth习惯于(做)某事
[教材原句] In fact,we are so used to them that we may even take them for granted without realising how much inspiration they have given us.
事实上,我们已经习惯了它们的存在,甚至可能把它们视为理所当然,却没有意识到它们给了我们多少灵感。
[例] (2024·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)...I got passed by about 100 “local” bikers who were used to such roads.
……我被大约100名习惯了这种路况的“当地”骑行者超越了。
[例] I am used to taking a walk after dinner,which not only helps me digest food but also allows me to relax.
我习惯了晚饭后散步,这不仅有助于我消化食物,还能让我放松。
温馨提示
used to、be used to、get used to的辨析。
①used to意为“过去常常(做某事)”,后接动词原形。常用来表示今昔对比,含“(现在)已经不那样做了”之意。
②be used to有两种含义:当意为“被用来做某事”时,后接动词原形;当意为“习惯于;适应”时,后接名词、代词或动词-ing形式,表示一种状态。
③get used to意为“习惯于”,表示一个动作,含“由不适应向适应的转变”之意,其后接名词、代词或动词-ing形式。
[语境运用] 句子语法填空
Solar panels are used 　　 　　(convert) sunlight into electricity,
contributing to the development of renewable energy sources.
I’m used to 　　　　(cycle) to school,which helps me keep fit.
The architect used 　　　　(have) a walk in the woods to get inspiration when he lived in the countryside.
to convert
cycling
to have
2.inspire v.激励,鼓舞;赋予灵感,引起联想
inspiring adj.鼓舞人心的;激励的;启发灵感的
inspired adj.品质优秀的;能力卓越的;受……影响的
inspiration n.[U]灵感;[C]鼓舞人心的人或事
[教材原句] It is natural to think in this way,but of course it wasn’t the umbrella that inspired the flower or the roof that inspired the pine cone.
以这种方式思考是很自然的,但当然不是雨伞给了花朵灵感,也不是屋顶给了松果灵感。
[例] (2024·北京卷)Unsurprisingly,these new concepts inspire us to build new models of the universe.
不出所料,这些新概念启发了我们构建新的宇宙模型。
[例] (2024·新高考全国Ⅱ卷)Two years later,a six-metre-tall pavilion,
inspired by The Peony Pavilion,was built at the Firs Garden,just ten minutes’ walk from Shakespeare’s birthplace.
两年后,以《牡丹亭》为灵感,一座6米高的亭子在菲斯花园内拔地而起,
这座亭子距离莎士比亚的出生地仅10分钟的步行路程。
归纳拓展
·inspire sb 鼓舞某人
inspire sb to do sth 鼓励某人做某事
inspire sb with sth用某物激励某人;(=inspire sth in sb)使某人产生……感觉/情感
·be inspired by受到……的启发,由……获得灵感
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/翻译句子
　　　　(inspire) by the beauty of nature,she decided to draw a picture.
When asked where her 　　　 　 for the novel came from,she said her father’s 　　 　　 words 　　　　 her to write it.(inspire)
老师对科学的热情激励着学生们去探索并尝试新的想法。
Inspired
inspiration
inspiring
inspired
The teacher’s passion for science inspires the students to explore and try new ideas.
3.amaze vt.使吃惊;使惊奇;使惊愕
·amazed adj.感到惊奇的;吃惊的
·amazing adj.令人大为惊奇的
·amazement n.惊奇;惊愕
[教材原句] Visitors are often amazed to find themselves in an urban building that so truly captures the beauty of natural forms.
当置身于这样一座真实地捕捉到自然形态之美的城市建筑中时,参观者常常叹为观止。
[例] (2024·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)Then he tried acupuncture,an ancient Chinese practice,and was amazed that he improved after two or three treatments.
然后他尝试了针灸,这是一种古老的中国疗法,令他惊讶的是,经过两三次治疗后,他的病情就有所好转。
[例] (2024·全国甲卷)I guess our different childhood background is what makes my grandmother such an amazing person to talk to:her stories always make my history textbooks come alive.
我想是我们不同的童年背景让我的祖母成了一位交谈时如此令人惊叹的人:她的故事总能让我的历史教科书鲜活起来。
归纳拓展
·be amazed at/by...对……感到大为惊奇
be amazed to do sth 对做某事感到惊奇
·to one’s amazement 使某人大为惊奇的是
in amazement 惊讶地;惊愕地
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子
The speech the professor gave at the conference was truly 　(amaze),leaving everyone in attendance inspired and touched.
When she opened the present,she was 　　　　(amaze) to find a ticket to her favourite concert.
The discovery of the ancient artefact filled everyone with 　　　　(amaze) and excitement.
　　　　　　　　　　　　(令我们惊讶的是),the building’s walls were painted with colourful murals overnight.
amazing
amazed
amazement　
To our amazement
语
境
串
词
To my amazement,the small town I have visited years ago have undergone remarkable changes.The changes amazed even the locals,who couldn’t help but be amazed at the amazing development their town had undergone.
令我惊讶的是,多年前我曾参观过的那个小镇如今已发生了巨大的变化。这些变化甚至让当地人也感到十分惊叹,他们不禁为自己所在的小镇所取得的惊人的发展感到惊奇。
4.absorb v.吸收;吞并;理解;掌握;使专心
·absorbing adj.十分吸引人的;引人入胜的
·absorbed adj.精神集中的
·absorption n.专心致志;全神贯注;吸收
[教材原句] At night,the heat absorbed by the wall during the day warms the cool air,creating a comfortable temperature inside.
夜间,墙壁在白天吸收的热量使冷空气变暖,创造着适宜的内部温度条件。
[例] (2024·新高考全国Ⅱ卷)This absorbing new book by Catriona Campbell is a practical roadmap addressing the challenges posed by the forthcoming AI revolution (变革).
Catriona Cambkell的这本引人入胜的新书是一本实用的路线图,旨在解决即将到来的人工智能革命所带来的挑战。
[例] (读后续写之动作描写)She took out a book,started to read and soon got absorbed in it.
她拿出一本书,开始阅读,很快就沉浸其中了。
归纳拓展
·absorb sb 吸引某人的注意力
absorb...from...从……中吸收……
·be/get absorbed in 专心致志于,全神贯注于
be absorbed by/into 被……吞并/吸收
温馨提示
表示“全神贯注于”的常见短语还有be lost in、be buried in、fix/focus one’s attention on、devote oneself to、concentrate one’s mind on、apply oneself to、be addicted to等。
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/一句多译
Water and salt are 　　 　　(absorb) into our bloodstream every day.
The teacher’s 　　　 　(absorb) lecture on history made the students completely forget the passage of time.
Vitamin D is necessary to aid the 　 　　　(absorb) of calcium from food.
absorbed
absorbing
absorption
汤姆专心于他的工作,以至于忘记了通知她这件事。
→Tom was so　　　　　　　　　　　　 that he forgot to inform her of the issue.
→　　　　　　　　　　　　,Tom forgot to inform her of the issue.(过去分词短语作状语)
absorbed in his work
Absorbed in his work
5.be fed with 以……为养料;用……供给
[教材原句] The algae are fed with liquid nutrients and carbon dioxide to encourage them to grow.
藻类以液体营养素和二氧化碳为养料,促进自身生长。
[例] This crop is fed with organic fertilisers.
这种农作物以有机肥料为养料。
[例] I am fed up with this weather.It’s time we had some sunshine.
我受够了这种天气。该出太阳了。
归纳拓展
feed on 以……为食
feed...on...(=feed...to...) 用……喂养……
be fed up with 讨厌/受够了……
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子
He has a large family 　　　　(feed).
The little boy took a piece of bread and 　　　　(feed) it to the pet dog.
Pandas 　　　　　　　　　　 (以竹子为食).
　　　　　　　 　　(厌倦了) the noisy and crowded city life,she chose to embrace the quietness of nature by living in the countryside with her parents.
to feed
fed
feed on bamboo
Fed up with
6.respond vi.回复,回答;对……做出反应
·response n.回答,答复;反应;响应
[教材原句] The building therefore not only responds to its environment and uses less energy,but also reduces damage to the environment by generating its own renewable energy.
因此,该建筑不仅能够适应环境,减少能耗,而且自身可以产生可再生能源,减少对环境的危害。
[例] (2024·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)...since we are increasingly using observational data to investigate how species are responding to global change,I wanted to know:are they usable
……由于我们越来越多地使用观测数据来调查物种如何应对全球变化,我想知道:它们有用吗
[例] (2023·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)This happened some of the time,but it wasn’t the dominant response.
这种情况时有发生,但不是主要的反应。
归纳拓展
·respond to 回答;对……做出反应
·in response to 作为对……的回应
make a/no response to 对……做出反应/不予回应
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子/一句多译
(读后续写之动作描写)I looked at her face for her 　　　 　(respond),
but she just stared at me blankly.
The English teacher organised a speaking contest 　　　　　　　　　　　　(作为对……的回应)students’ enthusiasm for oral English.
response
in response to
卡尔没有回答我的问题,继续吃他的饭。
→Carl 　　　　　　　　 　　 my question,and carried on with his meal.(respond)
→Carl 　　　　　　　　　　　　 my question,and carried on with his meal.(response)
didn’t respond to
made no response to
7.harmony n.融洽;和谐,协调
·harmonious adj.融洽的,和谐的
·harmoniously adv.融洽地,和谐地
[教材原句] Creating buildings such as these enables us to live in closer harmony with our environment.
创造这样的建筑物能够使我们与环境更和谐地相处。
[例] Our class is like a big harmonious family,where everyone helps and cares for each other.
我们班就像一个和谐的大家庭,在这里,大家彼此帮助、相互关心。
[例] (读后续写之主旨升华)It occurred to me that we should live in harmony with animals and treat them with kindness.
我突然想到,我们应该与动物和谐相处,并且友善地对待它们。
归纳拓展
in harmony with...与……相处融洽
social/racial harmony 社会/种族融洽
[语境运用] 句子语法填空
The orchestra played with such 　　　 　(harmonious) that the audience was deeply moved.
There are several ways to create and maintain a 　 　　　 (harmony) dormitory life.
(应用文写作之倡议书)Instead of conquering nature,we should learn to get along with it 　　 　　 (harmony).
harmony
harmonious
harmoniously
8.challenge n.挑战;艰巨任务 v.(向某人) 挑战
·challenging adj.具有挑战性的;考验能力的
[教材原句] To meet the needs of today while protecting the world of tomorrow may be a challenge,but even the simplest organisms can help teach us how to achieve this.
保护明天的世界,同时满足当下的需求,这可能是一项挑战,但即使是最简单的生物也能帮忙,教我们如何实现这一目标。
[例] (2024·全国甲卷)It’s more challenging to eat in moderation if you have unhealthy snacks at the ready,like cookies.
如果你身边随时都有像饼干这样的不健康的零食,那么适度饮食就更有挑战性了。
[例] We should view challenges as opportunities rather than obstacles.
我们应该把挑战看作是机会而非障碍。
归纳拓展
·challenge sb to sth 向某人挑战做某事
challenge sb to do sth 强烈建议某人做某事
·accept/take up a challenge 接受挑战
face a challenge 面临挑战
meet the challenge of 迎接……的挑战
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子
I wish you and your family all the best in the 　　 　　(challenge) future.
The environmental campaign challenged people 　　　　(take) active steps to protect our planet.
Many students in the class took 　　　　 the challenge of participating in the national science competition.
　　　　　　　　　　(面对挑战),we shouldn’t give up.
challenging
to take
up
Facing challenges
9.employ v.使用,运用;雇用,聘请
·employer n.雇主,雇用者,老板
·employee n.雇员,受雇者
·employment n.工作;职业;受雇;就业;雇用;使用
[教材原句] Inspired by dolphins,people have learnt how to send signals underwater,which is currently employed in tsunami early-warning systems.
受海豚的启发,人们学会了如何在水下发送信号,这种方法目前被用于海啸预警系统。
[例] (2024·新高考全国Ⅱ卷)BMF employees live out sustainability in their everyday lives.
BMF 的员工在日常生活中践行可持续发展理念。
[例] (2023·全国甲卷)Carson proves that a simple lyric form that has been passed down through the ages can still be employed today to draw attention to important truths.
卡森证明了一种简单的抒情形式,这种形式已经代代相传,今天仍然可以用来引起人们对重要真理的关注。
归纳拓展
employ sb to do sth 雇用某人做某事
employ sb as...雇用某人为……
employ sth to do sth 利用某物做某事
employ oneself in (doing) sth =be employed in (doing) sth从事于,忙于(做)某事
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/一句多译
The architect employed advanced 3D modelling software 　　　　(create) a detailed virtual model of the building before construction.
The local museum employed Lucy 　　　　 a tour guide due to her profound knowledge of art history and outstanding storytelling skills.
他忙于列出所有要完成的工作清单。
→He 　　　　　　　　　　　 making a list of all the work to do.(employ oneself in)
→He 　　　　　　　　　　　 making a list of all the work to do.(be employed in)
to create
as
employed himself in
was employed in
语
境
串
词
The employment rate has increased in that area recently.The reason is that a lot of companies want to employ enough workers to expand their production.Also,more employers offer higher payment to the qualified employees to motivate them.
最近,那个地区的就业率增长了。原因是许多公司想雇用足够的工人来扩大生产;而且,更多的老板向合格员工提供更高的薪酬来激励他们。
重点句式
强调句型
▲
[教材原句] It is natural to think in this way,but of course it wasn’t the umbrella that inspired the flower or the roof that inspired the pine cone.
以这种方式思考是很自然的,但当然不是雨伞给了花朵灵感,也不是屋顶给了松果灵感。
[例] (2023·浙江1月卷)It is this that distinguishes humans from machines.
正是这一点将人类与机器区分开来。
[例] (读后续写之主旨升华)It was his encouraging words that gave me the courage to face difficulties.
正是他鼓励的话语给了我面对困难的勇气。
温馨提示
①强调句型的基本句式是“It is/was+被强调部分+that/who+其他”,所以看到it is/was开头的句子,先判断是不是强调句,方法是去掉it is/was 和that/who,如果剩余的部分仍能组成完整的句子(有时需调整语序),则该句是强调句。
②not until的强调句型是“It is/was not until...+that+其他”。
[语境运用] 句型转换
He spent the summer vacation with his friends in a seaside village last year.
→
　.(强调主语)
→
　.(强调宾语)
It was he that/who spent the summer vacation with his friends in a seaside village last year
It was the summer vacation that he spent with his friends in a seaside village last year
→
　 .(强调地点状语)
→
　.(强调时间状语)
It was in a seaside village that he spent the summer vacation with his friends last year
It was last year that he spent the summer vacation with his friends in a seaside village
长难句分析
[教材原句] Zimbabwean architect Mick Pearce was inspired to create
the Centre while watching a nature documentary in which termites were constructing their nests.
尝试分析:本句为复合句。 为状语从句的省略,充当时间状语,相当于时间状语从句“while he was watching...”; 为定语从句,修饰documentary,in which相当于where,在从句中充当地点状语。
自主翻译:津巴布韦建筑师米克·皮尔斯在一部大自然纪录片中看到白蚁筑造蚁穴,从中得到启发,从而设计了伊斯特盖特中心。
[语境运用] 情境写作
科学家们在得知蝙蝠的回声定位可以用来识别物体的位置并避免相互碰撞时,从中得到了启发,从而改善了雷达系统。
Scientists were inspired to improve radar systems when they learnt echo-location by which bats can identify the positions of objects and avoid crashing into each other.
语法原句再现
Today,architects continue to explore ways to capture the beauty of natural forms...
Shaped to resemble a lotus flower,it appears to float above the waterfront promenade and the water that surrounds it.
Visitors are often amazed to find themselves in an urban building that so truly captures the beauty of natural forms.
To use biomimicry is to create structures based on natural forms and processes.
Creating buildings such as these enables us to live in closer harmony with our environment.
请注意上述句中黑体部分的形式,所在的位置以及充当的句子成分。
语法知识点拨
英语中的非谓语动词包括不定式、动词-ing形式和过去分词。
一、非谓语动词区别简表
类别 to do doing done
含义 表主动或
将来 表主动或
(正在)进行 表被动或
完成
成
分 主语 √ √ —
宾语 √ √ —
表语 √ √ √
定语 √ √ √
状语 √ √ √
补足语 √ √ √
否定 (not) to do (not) doing (not) done
时
态 一般时 to do doing done
进行时 to be doing — —
完成时 to have
done having done —
完成
进行时 to have
been doing — —
语
态 一般
被动式 to be done being done —
进行
被动式 — — —
完成
被动式 to have
been done having been
done —
二、不定式
不定式不可作谓语,但它可以有自己的宾语、状语,构成不定式短语,在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和补足语。高考对不定式的考查主要有不定式的时态、语态、作用、否定、省略、“连词+不定式”等。
1.作主语
不定式作主语表示具体的动作,通常指已知的事或目的。不定式作主语时,谓语动词用第三人称单数。
To say is a thing,and to do is another.
说是一回事,做是另外一回事。
不定式短语较长时,通常用it作形式主语。
It is important to learn English well.
学好英语很重要。
(应用文写作之演讲稿)It is a great honour to be invited to give a speech here.
很荣幸受邀在此发表演讲。
温馨提示
2.作宾语
(1)通常用不定式作宾语的动词有want、wish、hope、long、expect、desire、intend、decide、ask、promise、aim、offer、agree、plan、learn、choose、refuse、fail、manage、pretend等。
He chose to study engineering at university.
他选择在大学学习工程学。
(读后续写之情感描写)He was very nervous while standing on the stage,
but he managed to keep calm.
他站在舞台上时非常紧张,但他设法保持镇静。
(2)不定式作宾语较长时,也可用it作形式宾语,把真正的宾语放在后面。
He feels it good to exercise regularly.
他觉得定期锻炼有好处。
(3)“特殊疑问词+不定式”具有名词特征,可作宾语。
They haven’t decided when and where to build the library.
他们还没决定什么时候、在哪里建图书馆。
(4)不定式可作介词but、except、besides (除……之外)的宾语,介词前有实义动词do的任何一种形式,后面的不定式就不带to,否则必须带to。
I want to do nothing but play basketball.
我只想打篮球。
I have no choice but to wait.
除了等,我别无选择。
3.作表语
(1)不定式作表语放在be或其他系动词后,说明主语的内容。同样,“特殊疑问词+不定式”具有名词特征,也可作表语。
His goal was to enter the key university in Beijing.
他的目标是考进北京的重点大学。
The first question is how to find a better way to learn English well.
第一个问题是怎样找到一个学好英语的更好的办法。
(2)不定式作主语时,表语也必须为不定式,结构必须保持一致。
To see is to believe.
眼见为实。
(3)如果主语部分的谓语动词或非谓语动词是实义动词do的某种形式,那么作表语的不定式可以省去to。
The first thing he did after getting up was (to) make the bed.
他起床后做的第一件事就是整理床铺。
The only thing he could do was (to) tell the truth.
他唯一能做的事就是说出真相。
三、动词-ing形式
动词-ing形式有一般时和完成时,有主动式和被动式,可作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和补足语。
1.作主语
动词-ing形式作主语表示抽象动作,指已知的事或经验。动词-ing形式作主语时,谓语动词用第三人称单数。
Participating in volunteer activities enriches my life experience.
参加志愿者活动丰富了我的生活经验。
Reading is my hobby.
阅读是我的业余爱好。
2.作宾语
通常用动词-ing形式作宾语的动词有admit、avoid、appreciate、consider、dislike、enjoy、escape、excuse、finish、imagine、keep、mind、miss、practise、risk、resist、suggest等。
She couldn’t imagine living in a place like that.
她无法想象住在那样一个地方。
I keep thinking back to the day when I first arrived here.
我不断回想我刚到这儿的那一天。
以下动词词组后面可接动词-ing形式作宾语:give up、belong to、look forward to、keep on、insist on、be busy、get down to、be devoted to、have difficulty/trouble (in)、have a good/wonderful time (in)等。
The environmentalist is devoted to protecting the endangered animals.
这位环保主义者致力于保护濒危动物。
温馨提示
3.作表语
动词-ing形式可作表语,常表示主语的内容或所具有的特征。
His hobby is painting.
他的业余爱好是画画。
动词-ing形式作表语,相当于形容词,含有主动意味,常见的有interesting、amusing、boring、tiring、pleasing、exciting、moving、disappointing、surprising、encouraging等。
His story was very moving.
他的故事很感人。
温馨提示
四、过去分词
过去分词既有形容词的特征又有动词的特征,在句中可作表语、定语、状语和补足语。
过去分词作表语表示被动意义,主语通常是人,一般用来表示感受和状态,常见的可以用作表语的过去分词有astonished、delighted、disappointed、excited、experienced、exhausted、frightened、interested、puzzled、qualified、satisfied、upset等。
有些过去分词作表语实际上已经构成固定短语,如be interested in、be satisfied with、be covered with、be dressed in、be seated、be locked等。能用这些分词作表语的系动词有be、get、remain、stay等。
The mountains in winter are covered with thick snow.
冬天,山上覆盖着厚厚的积雪。
We were greatly encouraged when we heard the speech.
我们听演讲时大受鼓舞。
温馨提示
[语境运用]句子语法填空
　　 　　(travel) around the world is his dream.
　　 　　(recycle) waste materials is beneficial to the environment.
She offered 　　　　(lend) me her bike.
My favourite sport is 　　　　(ski).
The teacher gets the students 　 　　　(interest) in science.
To travel
Recycling
to lend
skiing
interested
真题体验
1.(2024·全国甲卷)Although parks of all sizes and types exist at any level,the national parks,in particular,tend 　　 　　(catch) our attention because of their large size and variety.
【解析】 考查非谓语动词作宾语。分析句子结构可知,“　　　　(catch) our attention”部分作动词tend的宾语,tend to do sth意为“倾向于做某事”。故填to catch。
to catch
2.(2024·新高考全国Ⅱ卷)You may be 　 　　　(amaze) how much closer you’ll feel to the people there.
【解析】 考查非谓语动词作表语。分析句子结构可知,“　 　(amaze)” 部分位于be之后,在句中作表语,修饰主语You。故填amazed。
amazed
3.(2024·新高考全国Ⅱ卷)Those cultural elements have increased Stratford’s international visibility,said Edmondson,adding that visitors walking through the Birthplace Garden were often 　 　　　(amaze) to find the connection between the two great writers.
【解析】 考查非谓语动词作表语。分析句子结构可知,“　　　　(amaze)” 部分位于were之后,在句中作表语,修饰主语visitors。故填amazed。
amazed
4.(2024·北京卷)　　　　(take) the time to rest allows us to develop a deeper sense of self-awareness.
【解析】 考查非谓语动词作主语。分析句子结构可知,“　　　　(take) the time to rest”部分为句子的主语,此处应用动名词短语作主语;设空处位于句首,首字母大写。故填Taking。
Taking
5.(2024·新高考全国Ⅱ卷)Recalling 　　 　　(watch) a Chinese opera version of Shakespeare’s play Richard Ⅲ in Shanghai and meeting Chinese actors who came to Stratford a few years ago to perform parts of The Peony Pavilion,Edmondson said,“It was very 　　　　(excite) to hear the Chinese language and see how Tang’s play was being performed.”
watching
exciting
【解析】 考查非谓语动词作宾语和表语。分析句子结构可知,“　　(watch) a Chinese opera version...in Shanghai”部分作Recalling的宾语,recall doing sth意为“回忆起做过某事”,应用watching; 句中“　　　　(excite)”位于was之后,充当表语,修饰表示事物的主语it,应用exciting。故填watching、exciting。
语法专项训练
Ⅰ.完成句子
1.抱怨是没有用的——我们最好想想解决问题的办法。
It’s no use 　　　 　—we’d better think of ways to solve the problems.
2.下次你去拜访鲍勃时,记得提前给他打个电话。
Next time you visit Bob,remember 　　　　　　　　　　　 in advance.
complaining
to give him a call
3.不刻苦学习是不可能学好一门外语的。
It is impossible 　　　　　 　　　　　　　 without making painstaking efforts.
4.她对自己在考试中的表现感到满意。
She felt 　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　 in the exam.
5.我对昨晚看的电影很失望。我原以为会更好。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 I saw last night.I had expected it to be better.
to learn a foreign language well　
satisfied with her performance
I was disappointed with the film
Ⅱ.语篇填空
　　1.　　　 　(learn) from and mimicking the strategies used by species alive today is 2.　　　　 biomimicry is about.Its goal is 3.　　　　(create) products,processes,and policies—new ways of living.For example,our planet is 4.　　　　 threat.Many people are losing hope in 5.　　　　(solve) the climate crisis and its negative 6.　　　　(effect) on ecosystems across the world.Biomimicry gives us hope.Some modern designs mean 7.　　　　(restore) air,water,and soil instead of degrading (分解) them.
Learning
what
to create
under
solving
effects
restoring　
We don’t need 8.　　 　　(reinvent) the strategies 9.　　　 　 are already here.We just need to learn how 10.　　　 　(adapt) to them.So value nature for what we can learn,not what we can extract or harvest.
to reinvent
that/which
to adapt

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