资源简介

(共100张PPT)
Unit 6　
Nature in words
[头脑风暴·思维发散]
The fruit trees in the orchard are in full bloom,and their flowers add a touch of beauty to the surrounding environment.A gentle breeze blows,and clusters of flowers flutter (飘动) like flakes.The robins sing merrily on the branches,enhancing the charm of the scenery,too.
果园里的果树开满了花,它们的花朵为周围的环境增添了一抹美丽。微风拂过,一簇簇花儿像薄片般轻轻飘动。知更鸟在树枝上欢快地唱歌,也增添了这一景色的魅力。
Part 1
Starting out,Understanding ideas,
Using language
基础识记
1. 　　　　　　 v.坚称,坚决认为
2. n.开阔的景观,景色
3. v.变弯曲
4. n.教堂
5. n.儿歌,童谣
6. v.改进;增强
写作词汇
insist
prospect
bend
church
rhyme
enhance
7. v.逐渐消失;褪色
8. n.小麦
9. v.堆放,摞起
10. v.吹过,掠过
fade
wheat
pile
sweep
1.flush　　　　　　 v.
2.plum n.
3.sparkle n.
4.glare n.
5.flake n.
6.weathercock n.
7.alabaster n.
阅读词汇
(使)发红
李子;梅子
闪耀,闪光
刺眼的强光
小薄片
(公鸡形)风标
雪花石膏
8.goose n.
9.feather n.
10.bloom v.
11.bleak adj.
12.orchard n.
13.cluster n.
14.tinge v.
15.wagon n.
16.reap v.
鹅
羽毛
开花
阴冷的;阴郁的
果园
串,丛,簇
着淡色于……
四轮运货车
收割(庄稼)
拓展词汇
1. adj.一周一次的,每周的→week n.周
2. n.检查员,巡视员→inspect v.视察,检查→inspection n.视察,检查
3. n.保密,秘密状态→secret adj.秘密的 n.秘密,机密;诀窍,秘诀→
secretly adv.秘密地
4. n.刮胡子→shave v.剃(须发);(尤指)刮脸
weekly
inspector
secrecy
shaving
5. adv.微弱地;模糊地→faint adj.微弱的;模糊的
6. v.排列,布置→disposal n.去掉,处理
7. v.(使)变红→red adj.红色的
8. adj.天真无邪的;无辜的,清白的→innocence n.天真,纯真;无辜,清白→innocently adv.故作天真地;佯装无知地
faintly
dispose
redden
innocent
重点词块及句型
重点词块
1.break out　　　　　　　　
2.at the risk of doing sth
3.look through
4.talk away
5.come round/around
突发,爆发
冒着做某事的危险
透过……看;浏览
不断地谈,在谈话中度过
(按照预期)发生,再度出现
6.come out
7.transform...into...
8.a touch of
9.add...to...
10.have a point
出现;出版
把……变成……
有点儿
往……加入……,
把……加到……上
有道理
重点句型
1.I was nearly as excited about it this morning as the children,whom I found all looking through the window at the magic outside and talking away as excitedly .(as if引导方式状语从句)
对于这场雪,我今早近乎像孩子们那样兴奋。孩子们透过窗子看着外面奇妙的世界,兴奋地说个不停,就像圣诞节突然又要来了一般。
as if Christmas had suddenly come round again
2.The fact is,however,
.(that引导表语从句)
事实上,这场雪于我而言,也是同样的奇异,同样的迷人。
3.Then the sun came out,and
it was shining bravely and flushing the snow with delicate pinks.(by the time引导时间状语从句)
接着太阳出来了,等到我坐下来吃早餐时,太阳的光彩已是绚烂夺目,给雪地添了一抹柔和的粉红色。
that the snow was as strange and fascinating to me as
it was to them
by the time I had sat down to breakfast
4.There was indeed something curiously
.(现在分词短语作定语)
整个景象确实会给人带来一种奇怪的、不安的感受。
5. is that they think these words are irrelevant to children,so instead they’ve replaced them with terms like “film”.(why引导定语从句)
他们这样做的原因是他们认为这些词与孩子无关,所以他们用类似“影片”这样的词来代替它们。
disturbing about the whole
prospect
The reason why they are doing this
语篇导读·先行把握
▲
1.主题语境:人与自然——不同文学形式描写的自然
2.语篇类型:散文
3.课文内容分析:课文节选自英国作家John Boynton Priestley的《初雪》。作者把下雪视为一件“神奇的大事件”,通过形象生动的语言描写了冬天的第一场雪,表达了自己对雪的喜爱,营造了人与自然和睦共存的景象。阅读本文有利于帮助学生体会作者对自然的热爱,也有利于学生更好地理解人与自然的关系,增强环保意识。
多维解读·浅析结构
▲
excited
magical
pale
strange
lovely
cruel
bending
精研细读·深层理解
▲
(　　)1.What’s the clue of the text
A.Time. B.Place.
C.Direction. D.Rhyme.
A
(　　)2.What did the author think of the first snow
A.Strange and disturbing.
B.Familiar and boring.
C.Fascinating and magical.
D.Different and cruel.
C
(　　)3.What did the author want to prove by recalling the rhyme
A.His pity for the dead geese.
B.His miserable childhood.
C.His desire to play in snow.
D.His love for snow.
D
(　　)4.How did the author write the passage
A.By recalling. B.By depicting.
C.By comparing. D.By quoting.
B
二次开发·深研课文
▲
　　It is the first fall we 1.　　 　　(have) here this winter.
The first fall of snow is not only an event 2.　　　　 it is a magical event.
You go to bed in one kind of world and wake up to find 3.　　　 　(you) in another quite different world.The very secrecy and 4.　　 　　(quiet) of the thing makes it more magical.When I 5.　　　　(get) up this morning the world was a cold place of dead white and pale blues.Then the sun came out.The dining-room window had been transformed 6.　　 　　 a lovely Japanese print.The little plum tree outside,with the faintly flushed snow 7.　　　 　(line) its branches and artfully disposed along its trunk,stood in full sunlight.
have had
but
yourself
quietness
got
into
lining
An hour or two later,the world had 8.　　 　　(complete) changed again.The little Japanese prints had all disappeared.
Now it has changed again.From my study,9.　　　　 is apart from the house and faces it,I can see the children flattening their noses against the window,and there is running through my head a rhyme I used
10.　　 　　(repeat) when I was a child and flattened my nose against the cold window to watch the falling snow.
completely
which
to repeat
重点词汇
1.risk n.风险;危险 v.冒险
·risky adj.有风险的
[教材原句] Even at the risk of appearing to this fair and witty reviewer as another Mr Woodhouse,I must insist that last night’s fall of snow here was an event.
在这位公正睿智的评论家面前,即便是冒着让自己看起来像伍德豪斯先生那样的风险,我也得坚持说:“昨晚这儿的那场雪是件大事。”
[例] (2024·新高考全国Ⅱ卷)She says it is essential that we keep control of artificial intelligence,or risk being sidelined and perhaps even worse.
她表示,我们必须保持对人工智能的控制,否则将面临被边缘化甚至更严重的后果。
[例] (2024·北京卷)That dream reminded me that those fears and desires could encourage me to take risks and make experiments.
那个梦提醒我,那些恐惧与欲望能够激励我去冒险、去尝试。
归纳拓展
·at the risk of 冒着……的风险
take/run the risk of doing sth 冒着做某事的风险
at risk (of/from sth) 有危险;冒风险
put...at risk使……处境危险
at one’s own risk自担风险,责任自负
increase/reduce the risk of (doing) sth增加/降低(做)某事的风险
·risk doing sth 冒着风险做某事
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子
Faced with unknown challenges,he always dares to risk 　　　　(do) something new,and never backs down even if it means possible failure.
Starting a new business in a competitive market can be quite 　　　　(risk),but the potential rewards make it worth the effort.
(读后续写之动作描写)　　　　　　　　　　(冒着……的风险) getting wet in the heavy rain,he went out to look for his missing dog.
doing
risky
At the risk of
These birds 　　　　　　(处境危险) are protected well in the preserve.
Healthy eating can help 　　　　　　　　　　　(降低……的风险) developing heart disease.
at risk
reduce the risk of
2.insist v.坚称,坚决认为
·insistence n.坚决要求;坚持
[教材原句] Even at the risk of appearing to this fair and witty reviewer as another Mr Woodhouse,I must insist that last night’s fall of snow here was an event.
在这位公正睿智的评论家面前,即便是冒着让自己看起来像伍德豪斯先生那样的风险,我也得坚持说:“昨晚这儿的那场雪是件大事。”
[例] (读后续写之动作描写)David insisted on running as if he had forgotten the pain in his leg.
大卫坚持跑,好像忘记了腿部的疼痛。
[例] My parents insisted that I (should) take exercise regularly,and as a result,my body is getting stronger.
我父母坚持要我经常锻炼,因此,我的身体越来越强壮了。
归纳拓展
insist on/upon (sb/sb’s) (doing) sth 坚决要求(某人)(做)
某事
insist on (doing) sth 坚持(做)某事;执意继续(做)某事
insist后接that引导的宾语从句,表示“坚持主张,坚决要求”时,从句需用虚拟语气,即谓语用“(should+)动词原形”;表
示“坚持认为,坚称”时,从句用陈述语气,时态根据实际情况而定。
温馨提示
后接宾语从句时,从句用虚拟语气的常见动词如下:一坚持(insist),二命令(order、command),三建议(advise、suggest、propose),四要求(demand、require、request、ask)。
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子/一句多译
She insists on 　　 　　(walk) to school every day.
Her 　 　　　(insist) that she could finish the task alone surprised her classmates.
我坚决要求立刻采取措施去解决那个问题。
I insist that immediate action 　　　　　　　　 to solve the problem.
她坚决要求他在晚会上穿西装。
→She 　　　　　　　　　　　　 a suit at the party.(insist on)
→She 　　　　　　　　　　　　　 a suit at the party.(insist that)
walking
insistence
(should) be taken
insisted on his wearing
insisted that he (should) wear
3.come out 出现,露出;开花;出版;发行;显示
[教材原句] Then the sun came out,and by the time I had sat down to breakfast it was shining bravely and flushing the snow with delicate pinks.
接着太阳出来了,等到我坐下来吃早餐时,太阳的光彩已是绚烂夺目,给雪地添了一抹柔和的粉红色。
[例] (读后续写之环境描写)The first buds of spring have come out on the trees.
春天的第一批嫩芽已经从树梢上冒了出来。
[例] Her new book will come out next month.
她的新书将于下个月出版。
归纳拓展
come about 发生
come across (偶然)遇见;碰见;被理解;被弄懂
come down to 可归结为;可归纳为
come up (太阳)升起;被提及
come up with提出;想出
When it comes to ...当涉及/谈到……时
[语境运用] 完成句子
I 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　(偶然遇见了一位老朋友) at the supermarket yesterday.
His success 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　(可归结为他的努力和决心).
The team 　　　　　　　　　　　　　(想出了一个策略) to win the game.
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　(当谈到帮助别人时),she is always the first one to offer a hand.
came across an old friend
comes down to his hard work and determination
came up with a strategy
When it comes to helping others
4.by the time到……的时候
[教材原句] Then the sun came out,and by the time I had sat down to breakfast it was shining bravely and flushing the snow with delicate pinks.
接着太阳出来了,等到我坐下来吃早餐时,太阳的光彩已是绚烂夺目,给雪地添了一抹柔和的粉红色。
[例] (读后续写之动作描写)By the time the sun set,we had already hiked up to the top of the mountain and enjoyed a breathtaking view.
到太阳下山的时候,我们已经徒步登上了山顶,并欣赏到了令人叹为观止的
美景。
[例] By the time you read this letter,I will have already moved to a new city.
等你读到这封信的时候,我就已经搬到了一座新城市。
归纳拓展
·表示“在那时”之意时,不强调已经完成,只是说明某个时候的状况,此时主句不用完成时,而应根据实际需要选用适当的时态,此时by the time相当于 when。
·表示“在……之前(已经……)”之意时,通常从句用一般时态,主句用完成时态,表示“截止到从句动作发生时,主句动作已经完成”。
[语境运用] 完成句子
It was raining heavily and by the time I got there,　　　　　　　　　　　　　(电影已经开始了).
By the time he got home, his parents 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　(已经准备好了一顿美味的晚餐).
By the time you come back,we 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　(将已经做完工作了).
the movie had started
had prepared a delicious dinner
will have finished the work
5.spot vt.发现;认出 n.斑点;污点;地点
·spotted adj.有斑点的;有污迹的
[教材原句] At any moment,it seemed,a body of horsemen might be seen breaking out from the black trees,so many weapons might be heard and some distant spot of snow be reddened.
仿佛随时可能看见一群骑兵从黑黝黝的树丛中冲出,可能听见武器的交错响声,最后好像看见远处的白雪一点点被血液染红。
[例] (2024·新高考全国Ⅱ卷)I liked travelling in France,but when it came to picking my favourite spot to settle,Italy was the clear winner.
我喜欢在法国旅行,但当说到选择我最喜欢的定居地点时,意大利显然是赢家。
[例] (2024·浙江1月卷)Then she concentrated on jogging to the spot where the track curved (拐弯).
然后她专注于慢跑至跑道拐弯处。
归纳拓展
·spot sb/sth doing sth看到某人/某物正在做某事
·put sb on the spot (故意提出难题)使某人难堪
hit the spot 使人满意
on the spot 当场;在现场;立即
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子
When he passed the park,he spotted some children 　　 　　(fly) kites on the grass.
She was wearing a 　　　　(spot) dress,with small dark dots scattered all over it,which made her look very charming.
The artist created a beautiful painting 　　　　　 　(当场),impressing everyone around.
After a long day of hiking,that hot meal really 　　　　　　　　(使人满意) and made me feel much better.
flying
spotted
on the spot
hit the spot
6.apart from远离;此外,除……之外
[教材原句] From my study,which is apart from the house and faces it,I can see the children flattening their noses against the window...
我的书房是和房子独立开来的,书房在房子的对面。从书房看去,可以看到孩子们把鼻子抵在窗户上看雪的样子……
[例] The little village is quite apart from the noisy city.
这个小村庄离喧闹的城市相当远。
[例] She always keeps herself apart from other people.
她总是与其他人保持距离。
温馨提示
besides、except和apart from的区别。
①besides表示 “除……之外(还)”。
Besides English, she also studies French.
除了英语,她还学习法语。
②except 表示“除……之外(用于所言不包括的人或事物前)”。
The store is open every day except Monday.
这家商店除了周一每天都营业。
温馨提示
③apart from既可以表示“除……之外(不包括)”,又可以表示“除……之外还(包括)……”。
Apart from a few scratches,the car was undamaged.
除了几处刮痕,汽车没有其他损坏。
Apart from their house in London,they also have a villa in Spain.
除伦敦的房子外,他们在西班牙还有一幢别墅。
[语境运用] 完成句子
　　　　　　　 　　　　　　(除了写小说),she also writes poetry.
The old house is in good condition
(除了一扇破窗户).
Besides/Apart from writing novels
except/apart from a broken window
重点句式
as if=as though 意为“仿佛;好像”,可用来引导表语从句和方式状语从句
▲
[教材原句] I was nearly as excited about it this morning as the children,
whom I found all looking through the window at the magic outside and talking away as excitedly as if Christmas had suddenly come round again.
对于这场雪,我今早近乎像孩子们那样兴奋。孩子们透过窗子看着外面奇妙的世界,兴奋地说个不停,就像圣诞节突然又要来了一般。
[例] (读后续写之动作描写)The injured dog whimpered softly as if it was asking for help.
这只受伤的狗轻轻地呜咽着,好像在寻求帮助。
[例] It looks as if it’s going to rain.
看起来好像要下雨了。
归纳拓展
·如果所引导的从句表示的情况是真实的或极有可能发生的,从句用陈述语气。
·如果所引导的从句表示的情况是非真实的或将来实现的可能性不大的,从句用虚拟语气:
(1)如果从句表示与现在事实相反,谓语动词用一般过去时(be动词常用were);
(2)如果从句表示与过去事实相反,谓语动词用“had+过去分词”;
(3)如果从句表示与将来事实相反,谓语动词用“would/could/might+动词原形”。
温馨提示
as if/as though引导状语从句时的省略原则:as if/as though引导状语从句时,如果从句的主语和主句的主语一致,且从句含be动词时,可省略状语从句的主语和be动词;省略后从句的结构是“as if/as though+名词/动词不定式/形容词(短语)/介词短语/分词等”。
[语境运用] 完成句子
He talks about Paris as if he 　　　　　　　　　　　(之前去过一样).
The book is written as if 　　　　　　　　　　　　　(它是一个真实的故事),even though it’s completely fictional.
The leaves on the trees are shaking in the wind as if 　　　　　　　　　　(它们正在跳舞).
had been there before
it were a true story
they were dancing
动词不定式作结果状语
▲
[教材原句] You go to bed in one kind of world and wake up to find yourself in another quite different,and if this is not magic,then where is it to be found
入睡时,世界是一个模样,醒来则是完全不同的另一番模样,若非有魔力,如何才能这般
[例] He ran to catch the bus,only to find it had already left.
他跑去赶公交车,结果却发现车已经开走了。
[例] I opened the door to find the room empty.
我打开门,结果发现房间是空的。
归纳拓展
·动词不定式作结果状语,通常表示一种“偶然的、出人意料的”结果,有时为了强调这种意外的结果,可在不定式前面加only,译为“(结果)却……”;“只(只是)……”。
·现在分词作结果状语,相当于一个并列谓语或which引导的非限制性定语从句,这种结果是句中谓语动词表示的动作带来的,是自然而然的结果。
[语境运用] 完成句子
He hurried to the airport,　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　(结果却发现航班已经取消了).
She applied for many jobs,　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　(结果却收到一封又一封的拒绝信).
There are so many people playing football around the world,
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　(这使它成为最受欢迎的运动之一) in the world.
only to find that the flight had been cancelled
only to receive rejection letters one after another
making it one of the
most popular sports
(读后续写之动作描写)She laughed,　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　(兴奋地挥舞着双手).
waving her hands excitedly
长难句分析
1.[教材原句] I was nearly as excited about it this morning as the children,
whom I found all looking through the window at the magic outside and talking away as excitedly as if Christmas had suddenly come round again.
尝试分析:本句是复合句。句中 为whom引导的非限制性定语从句,修饰the children; 为as if引导的状语从句,使用了虚拟语气,叙述与过去事实相反的事情。
自主翻译:对于这场雪,我今早近乎像孩子们那样兴奋。孩子们透过窗子看着外面奇妙的世界,兴奋地说个不停,就像圣诞节突然又要来了一般。
[语境运用] 情境写作
对于这些小鸡,那天早上,我几乎和我儿子一样感到惊讶。我发现他好奇地看着小鸡,兴奋地叫着,好像小鸡是世界上最有价值的东西。
I was nearly as amazed about the little chicks that morning as my son,
whom I found looking at the chicks curiously and shouting as excitedly as if the chicks were the most valuable things in the world.
2.[教材原句] It is the first fall we have had here this winter,and last year
I was out of the country,sweating in a hot climate,during the snowy season,
so that it really does seem an age since I saw the ground so fantastically carpeted.
尝试分析:本句由and连接的两个并列句构成。句中 为定语从句,修饰the first fall,省略了关系代词that; 为so that 引导的结果状语从句; 为since引导的时间状语从句。
自主翻译:这是今年冬天我们在这里的第一场雪,而在去年的雪季,我身在异国,在酷热的天气里汗流不止,所以离我上次欣赏到这银装素裹的世界,着实过了些时日了。
[语境运用] 情境写作
这是今年我们组织的第一次旅行,而在去年的秋天,我身在异乡,在寒冷的天气里发抖,所以离我上次欣赏到这硕果累累的世界,着实过了些时日了。
It is the first trip we have organised this year,and last year I was far away from home,shivering in a cold climate,during the fall,so that it really does seem an age since I saw the fruitful world.
语法原句再现
...so that it really does seem an age since I saw the ground so fantastically carpeted.
You go to bed in one kind of world and wake up to find yourself in another quite different...
...I can see the children flattening their noses against the window...
...and there is running through my head a rhyme I used to repeat when I was a child...
请注意上述句中黑体部分的形式,注意其所在位置以及充当的句子成分。
语法知识点拨
一、不定式
1.作定语
不定式作定语常放在所修饰的名词或代词后。
The Browns have a comfortable house to live in.
布朗一家有舒适的房子居住。(不定式与被修饰的名词构成被动关系)
His wish to be an artist has never come true.
他想成为一名艺术家的愿望从未实现。(不定式与被修饰的名词构成同位关系)
He is the right man to do the job.
他是做这份工作的合适人选。(不定式与被修饰的名词构成主动关系)
He is always the first to arrive at the school and the last to leave the school.
他总是第一个到校,最后一个离校。(不定式与被修饰的名词构成主动关系)
①若不定式为不及物动词,其后须加上相应的介词。
②当中心词为序数词、形容词最高级、the only等,或中心词被这些词修饰时,常用不定式短语作定语。
温馨提示
2.作状语
不定式作状语主要是表示目的、条件、原因和结果,可位于句首或句末,位于句首时通常用逗号隔开。
He exercises regularly to keep fit.
他经常锻炼以保持健康。(目的)
To pass the driving test,you must practise enough.
要通过驾驶考试,你必须进行足够的练习。(条件)
She was very happy to get the first prize.
获得了一等奖,她很开心。(原因)
He worked hard only to fail.
他努力工作,结果却失败了。(结果)
①不定式常用在so as或in order后,与它们一起作非谓语,表示目的,但so as引起的不定式不可置于句首。
In order to avoid mistakes,check your homework.
为了避免出错,检查一下你的作业。
②不定式表结果常和only连用,往往表示出乎意料的、意想不到的、不愿得到的结果。
I went to the store to buy my favourite book,only to learn that it was out of stock.
我去商店买我最喜欢的书,结果却得知它缺货了。
温馨提示
③“形容词+enough+to do”和“too+形容词或副词(不表情感)+to do”中的不定式也可作结果状语。
The weather is fine enough to go on a picnic.
天气足够好,可以去野餐。
The box is too heavy to carry.
这个箱子太重了,搬不动。
温馨提示
④“too+表情感的形容词(pleased、glad、willing、anxious等)+to do”表示肯定意义,too前面可用only等词修饰。
They were (only) too anxious to leave.
他们只是太急于离开了。
She is (only) too pleased to go home.
她非常高兴可以回家了。
温馨提示
3.作补语
宾语与作补语的不定式之间是主动关系。
(1)后接动词不定式作宾补的常见动词(短语)有advise、allow、arrange for、ask、beg、call on、depend on、expect、get、hate、invite、like、order、permit、persuade、prefer、remind、request、require、send、want、wish、would like、love等。
She wanted me to arrive there early.
她想让我早点到那儿。
My friend reminds me to attend the party this weekend.
朋友提醒我参加这个周末的派对。
(2)动词不定式作感官动词(五看二听一感觉:see、look at、watch、observe、notice、hear、listen to、feel)和使役动词(let、make、have等)后面的宾补时,不定式符号to要省略,但如果句子是被动结构,则必须带to,表示动作的完成。
He made them climb the hill.
他让他们去爬山。
They were made to climb the hill.
他们被迫去爬山。
(3)动词不定式可作形容词的补足语。句型为:
①主语+系动词+表语(通常为形容词convenient、easy、expensive、difficult、hard、impossible、pleasant等)+to do
(to do常用主动表被动,其中do为及物动词,主语为to do的宾语)
The problem is easy to deal with.
这个问题很容易解决。
The woman is easy to get along with.
这位女士很容易相处。
②主语+find/think/consider/believe等+宾语+形容词+to do
(to do常用主动表被动,其中do为及物动词)
He found the job difficult to work out.
他发现这项工作很难完成。
二、动词-ing形式
1.作定语
动词-ing形式作定语时,单个动词-ing形式放在被修饰的名词前;其短语作定语,则放在被修饰的名词后。动词-ing形式作定语表示与被修饰词之间为主动关系,表示动作正在进行或经常性发生,也可以表示所修饰事物的功能或用途。
the falling leaves=the leaves which are falling
飘落的树叶
the rising sun=the sun which is rising
正在升起的太阳
The girl standing under the tree is my sister.
站在树下的那个女孩是我的妹妹。
He often studies in the reading room.
他经常在阅览室学习。
2.作状语
动词-ing形式或其短语作状语时,可以表示时间、条件、原因、结果、让步、方式、伴随等。表示时间关系的动词-ing短语可由连词while或when引出。
Opening the window,a fresh breeze blew in.
打开窗户时,一阵清新的微风吹了进来。(时间)
Being honest with others,you will gain their trust.
如果你对别人诚实,你将会赢得他们的信任。(条件)
Being excited about the trip,the children couldn’t fall asleep last night.
孩子们因为对这次旅行感到兴奋,所以昨晚根本无法入睡。(原因)
3.作补语
动词-ing形式或其短语作补语表示动作正在进行,与宾语之间是主动关系。
后面常接动词-ing形式作宾补的动词有感官动词(五看二听一感觉:see、look at、watch、observe、notice、hear、listen to、feel),使役动词(get、have)以及其他类动词(catch、leave、keep、set等),表示动作正在进行。
I saw them playing games on the playground yesterday.
昨天我看见他们正在操场上玩游戏。
Don’t leave him waiting outside the room.
不要让他在房间外面等。
三、过去分词
过去分词既有副词的特征又有动词的特征,在句中可作定语、状语、补语、表语等成分。
1.作定语
过去分词作定语时,与被修饰词之间是被动、完成关系。单个过去分词作定语放在被修饰的名词前,过去分词短语作定语放在被修饰的名词后。其中及物动词的过去分词作定语表示完成或被动概念,不及物动词的过去分词作定语只表示完成概念,没有被动的意味。
the risen sun=the sun which has risen
已经升起的太阳
fallen leaves=leaves which have fallen
落叶
This is the house built several years ago.=This is the house which was built several years ago.
这就是那幢几年前建成的房子。
2.作状语
过去分词在句中作状语,说明动作发生的背景或情况,它与被修饰词之间是被动关系。它在句中可以作时间、条件、原因、方式、让步和伴随状语。
Delighted with the result,they celebrated with a big party.
他们对结果很满意,举办了一场盛大的派对来庆祝。(原因)
Accompanied by his friend,he went to the concert.
他在朋友的陪伴下,去了音乐会。(伴随)
Even if defeated,they didn’t lose heart.
即使被打败了,他们也没有灰心。(让步)
3.作补语
及物动词的过去分词作宾补,与宾语之间构成被动关系。不及物动词的过去分词作宾补,表示状态或完成。可以用过去分词作宾补的动词有感官动词(五看二听一感觉:see、look at、watch、observe、notice、hear、listen to、feel),使役动词(get、have、make等)以及其他类动词(leave、keep、want、wish等)。
I had my leg broken last week.
上周我摔断了腿。
真题体验
1.(2024·浙江1月卷)However,if you’re shopping for one,buying extra
　　 　　(benefit) from price reductions doesn’t make sense.
【解析】 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,“　　　　(benefit) from price reductions”作目的状语,应用动词不定式。故填to benefit。
to benefit
2.(2024·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)These sepals open on warm days 　　　　(give) the inside plants sunshine and fresh air.
【解析】 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,“　 　　(give) the inside plants sunshine and fresh air”作目的状语,应用动词不定式。故填to give。
to give
3.(2024·北京卷)Just then,some kids ran at him,　　 　　(knock) his books out of his arms.
【解析】 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,“　　 　　(knock) his books out of his arms”作结果状语,是一种自然而然的结果,应用现在分词形式。故填knocking。
knocking
4.(2024·新高考全国Ⅱ卷)Two years later,a six-metre-tall pavilion,　　　　(inspire) by The Peony Pavilion,was built at the Firs Garden,just ten minutes’ walk from Shakespeare’s birthplace.
【解析】 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,此处作名词pavilion的后置定语,且与pavilion之间为被动关系,应用过去分词形式。故填inspired。
inspired
5.(2024·全国甲卷)But cats are special creatures who possess 　　　　(amaze) vocalization skills.
amazing
【解析】 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,此处作定语,修饰vocalization skills,意为“惊人的发声能力”,应用现在分词形式。故填amazing。
语法专项训练
Ⅰ.句子语法填空
1.He was the best man 　　　　(do) the job.
2.She told a very funny story,　　　　(make) everyone in the room burst into laughter.
3.After school we went to the reading room,only 　　　 　(tell) that it was being decorated.
4.　　　　(dress) in the white uniform,he looks more like a cook than a doctor.
to do
making
to be told
Dressed
5.This is the newly 　 　　　(invent) machine,which will greatly increase the output of the company.
6.She stood in front of him with her eyes 　　　　(fix) on his face.
7.I’m pleased to see the problem 　　　　(settle) so quickly.
8.My goal is to get my students 　　　 　(develop) awareness of their strengths,weaknesses and learning needs,and to enable them 　　　　(learn) throughout their lives.
invented
fixed
settled
to develop
to learn
9.I felt the wind 　　 　　(blow) gently on my face.
10.I heard my name 　　　　(call) in the crowd.
blowing
called
Ⅱ.语篇填空
　　Research has become both simpler and more complex.It’s simpler because,if you have a computer,you can find information you need by
1.　　 　　(search) the Internet.For all your information,you don’t have to go to the library 2.　　　　(find) the relevant resources and take notes.Instead,you can find some sources from the Internet and print the copies 3.　　　　(need).Remember,however,that you should usually consult different types of sources.That is,you shouldn’t always rely just on the Internet for your research.
searching
to find
needed
While 4.　　　 　(find) information is easier than ever,at the same time,5.　　 　　(research)has become more complex.There are more materials available,6.　　　　(mean) you may be 7.　　　　(overwhelm) by an amount of information.You need to learn how 8.　　　　(sort) out and 9.　　　　(find) the relevant information for your particular project.Also,you need 10.　　　　(check).
finding
researching/research
meaning
overwhelmed
to sort
find
to check

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