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人教版八年级下册英语Unit 4 The Wonders of Nature 讲义
SectionB
一．Why do we explore nature the distance between the Second Step and sea level
To most people, Mount Qomolangma is one of the greatest wonders of the world.On the highest place on earth, you will feel like you are able to touch the sky.(p36)
考点
①explore nature 探索自然
②the distance between A and BA 和 B 之间的距离=the distance from A to B
③sea level 海平面
④the Second Step （珠峰）第二台阶
⑤To most people= For most people
⑥wonder
1. n. 奇迹；奇观
natural wonders 自然奇观
2. v. 想知道；好奇
结构：wonder + wh- 从句 eg. I wonder where he is.我想知道他在哪。
wonder if / whether…想知道是否……
Eg.I wonder if it will rain.我想知道会不会下雨。
wonderful 极好的；精彩的
⑦on earth世界上；在地球上
⑧feel like + 从句 感觉好像……
⑨be able to do sth能够做某事= can do sth
touch the sky 触摸天空
But only the best climbers reach the top, and that is only if they survive the terrible conditions first. On the mountain, temperatures can fall to -30 degrees.(p36)
考点：
①only the best climbers只有最优秀的登山者
only + 名词，强调 “只有……”
②reach the top=get to the top /arrive at the top
③survive the terrible conditions在恶劣环境中幸存下来
survive sth. 从…… 中活下来、挺过……
④only if 只有；除非（表示条件）：
…and that is only if they survive…
而且这只有在他们先挺过恶劣环境的前提下才有可能。
⑤fall to + 温度 / 数字：降到…
三． Climbers must also deal with thin air, high cliffs, and changeable weather.Before 1960, no one was able to reach the top of Qomolangma from the northern side. (p36)
考点
①deal with处理；应对；对付= do with
deal with thin air /difficulties 应对稀薄空气 / 困难
②changeable weather 多变的天气
changeable adj. 易变的，多变的
四．Mountain climbers even called that way the"Death Road", but a Chinese climbing team was determined to make the climb.(p36)
考点：
①call sth. + 名称把…… 称作……
call that way the "Death Road"把这条路称作 “死亡之路”
②be determined to do sth.下定决心做某事= decide to do sth.= make up one’s mind to do sth.
五．Liu allowed his teammates to step on his shoulders. Bit by bit, the climbers pulled themselves up, and they made it past the Second Step. (p36)
考点①allow sb. to do sth.允许某人做某事
sb. be allowed to do sth.某人被允许做某事
② step on his shoulders踩他肩膀上
step on 踩在…… 上
③ bit by bit一点一点地；逐渐地=little by little
④pull oneself up （靠自己）向上攀爬、奋力攀登
pull up 向上拉
⑤make it = 成功做到；赶上；完成
⑥make it past …成功通过……；成功越过……
六．At 4:20 a.m. on 25 May, the Chinese national flag flew above the world's highest mountain for the first time. In 1975, another Chinese team climbed to the top of Qomolangma to do research. (p36-37)
考点①. the Chinese national flag 国旗
②fly above …飞越
③for the first time第一次
④the world's highest mountain世界最高峰
七．Until 2007, almost all climbers from the northern side used this "Chinese Ladder" to reach the top much faster.(p37)
①until / till 直到…… 为止
not… until… 直到…… 才……
②almost all + 名词复数 几乎所有...
③from the northern side
八.In 2020, a third team returned to Qomolangma to measure its height-8,848.86 metres.Climbing Qomolangma is dangerous. Some climbers reach the top successfully,but many fail. Why do people still risk their lives to climb the highest mountain in the world It is because human curiosity and ambition cannot be stopped. (p37)
考点：
①return to sp. 回到某地
②measure its height 测量它的高度
③fail (to do sth.) 失败；未能做成
④risk one’s life to do sth. 冒着生命危险做某事
⑤curious adj. 好奇的；有求知欲的→curiously adv. 好奇地→curiosity n. 好奇心
be curious about … 对…… 感到好奇
九．Or, as the English explorer George Mallory put it, it is simply"because it's there"!(p37)
考点：as sb. put it：正如某人所说；用某人的话说= as sb. said
simply= only / just仅仅；只不过；简单地
simple( adj. )简单的；朴素的→simply (adv.) 简单地；仅仅；简直
十一． How do you think the Chinese climbers felt when they placed the national flag on top of Qomolangma What qualities do you think a good mountain climber needs to have
考点：①place 的用法
▲ v. 放置；安放place the national flag on…把国旗放在…… 上
结构：place sth. + 地点
▲ n. 地点；位置；名次
a quiet place 安静的地方
take one’s place
②quality 的用法
▲可数n. 品质；品德；特质
good qualities 优秀品质
What qualities does he have 他有什么品质？
▲不可数 n. 质量
high quality 高质量
十．Located in Siberia, Russia, Lake Baikal is one of the world's most famous lakes. It is the deepest freshwater lake in the world. (p38)
考点：Located in Siberia, Russia, …位于俄罗斯西伯利亚地区
located 是过去分词作状语，表示 “位于……”。
结构Located in + 地点，主句.
= It is located in + 地点.
（被动形式：be located in = 位于、坐落在）
十一．To reach the bottom, you must dive 1,620 metres! It is also larger than most other lakes. Its surface covers 31,500 square kilometres. (p38)
考点： cover 的用法
1. （v.）覆盖； 占…… 面积；占地
Snow covers the ground. 雪覆盖地面。
The forest covers 1,000 square kilometres.
2.（n.）封面；盖子
the cover of the book 书的封面
十二． Lake Baikal is very cold for most of the year. But over 1,200 different types of animals can still survive in this environment . Today, the lake still attracts many curious travellers. After all, it is a great natural wonder!(p38)
考点：
①for most of the year一年中的大部分时间
②different types of …= different kinds of不同种类的…
③attract travellers吸引游客
attract (v. )吸引→attraction (n.)吸引；吸引力；景点→attractive (adj. )有吸引力的；迷人的
④after all毕竟；终究
十三． If so, visit the Great Barrier Reef! It takes up an area of 345,000 square kilometres and includes over 900 islands and white sand beaches.The Great Barrier Reef is also alive! For people who love the ocean, visiting the Great Barrier Reef is the dream of a lifetime!(p39)
考点：
①If so如果是这样的话
②take up an area of …占地面积为……= cover an area of …
③include（v. ）包含；包括
结构：include sth.
include doing sth. 包括做某事
▲区分：
include：动词，作谓语
including：介词，放名词前
included：形容词 / 副词，放名词后
④the dream of a lifetime一生的梦想；毕生的梦想
十四．What: a salt lake
Things to do: photograph wildlife (fish
and birds), visit islands, ride a bike or horse
Make a poster about the natural wonder you chose.(p39)
考点：a salt lake 盐湖
photograph wildlife 拍摄野生生物
Make a poster 制作海报
海报写作
① 介绍景点：
It is a wonderful natural wonder.
② 介绍活动：
You can photograph wildlife like fish and birds.
③ 号召句：Come and visit it!/Don’t miss it!/It’s really worth visiting.
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