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仁爱科普版·七年级英语下册期中复习
——·考点5：可数名词与不可数名词的区分与用法
本考点源自Unit 7 Being a Smart Shopper。可数名词与不可数名词的区分是英语语法的基础，直接影响到冠词、数量词（some/any, many/much, how many/how much）的正确使用，是期中考试单项选择、完形填空和改错题的高频考点。
一、基本概念
可数名词（Countable Nouns）：可以用数目来计算的名词，有单数和复数形式。
apple → apples, book → books, student → students
不可数名词（Uncountable Nouns）：不能用数目来计算的名词，没有复数形式，不能直接与a/an连用。
water, milk, bread, rice, meat, information
二、常见名词分类（Unit 7 重点）
可数名词
水果：apple, banana, orange, pear, grape, strawberry
蔬菜：tomato, potato, carrot, onion, bean, cucumber
物品：book, pen, bag, shirt, dress, shoe, sock, hat
人物：student, teacher, friend, doctor, worker
不可数名词
液体：water, milk, juice, tea, coffee, oil, soup
食物：bread, rice, meat, beef, pork, chicken (肉), fish (肉), sugar, salt
抽象名词：advice, information, news, work, homework, time, money, help
其他：paper, air, weather, music, hair (作为整体)
三、可数名词复数变化规则（基础回顾）
1. 一般情况加 -s：apple→apples, book→books
2. 以 s, x, ch, sh 结尾加 -es：bus→buses, box→boxes, watch→watches
3. 以辅音+y结尾，变y为i加 -es：strawberry→strawberries, family→families
4. 以 o 结尾，有生命加 -es，无生命加 -s：potato→potatoes, tomato→tomatoes, photo→photos
5. 以 f/fe 结尾，变 f/fe 为 v 加 -es：knife→knives, leaf→leaves
6. 不规则变化：man→men, woman→women, child→children, foot→feet, tooth→teeth, mouse→mice
例：I have two potatoes and three tomatoes.
四、不可数名词的数量表达
不可数名词不能直接加数词，需要用“数量词 + of + 不可数名词”来表示数量。
a glass of water (一杯水)
a cup of tea (一杯茶)
a bottle of milk (一瓶牛奶)
a bowl of rice (一碗米饭)
a piece of bread (一片面包)
a piece of news (一条新闻)
a kilo of meat (一公斤肉)
two bags of rice (两袋大米)
three glasses of juice (三杯果汁)
例：I'd like two bottles of milk and a piece of bread.
五、既可数又不可数的名词（易错点）
有些名词在不同语境下既可以作可数名词，也可以作不可数名词，但意义不同。
chicken：不可数（鸡肉）；可数（小鸡）
I like chicken. (鸡肉) There are some chickens on the farm. (小鸡)
fish：不可数（鱼肉）；可数（鱼，复数形式常不变或加-es）
I don't eat fish. (鱼肉) I caught three fish. (三条鱼)
fruit：不可数（水果总称）；可数（种类）
I like fruit. (水果) There are many fruits in the shop. (多种水果)
hair：不可数（头发整体）；可数（一根头发）
She has long hair. (头发) I found a grey hair. (一根白发)
paper：不可数（纸张）；可数（报纸、论文）
I need some paper to write on. (纸张) I read a paper yesterday. (报纸)
time：不可数（时间）；可数（次数、倍数）
I don't have much time. (时间) I have been there three times. (次数)
六、常用修饰词
修饰可数名词复数： many, a few, few, several, a number of, lots of, plenty of
many apples, a few books, several students
修饰不可数名词： much, a little, little, a great deal of, lots of, plenty of
much water, a little milk, a great deal of time
两者都可修饰： some, any, a lot of, lots of, plenty of, enough
some apples / some water, a lot of books / a lot of money
七、经典例题解析
例1： How many ______ do you need
A. milk B. bread C. eggs D. rice
解析： How many修饰可数名词复数，eggs是可数名词复数。答案：C
例2： I'd like two ______ of ______.
A. glass; milk B. glasses; milks C. glasses; milk D. glass; milks
解析： two glasses of milk，milk不可数，glass变复数。答案：C
例3： There is ______ chicken on the plate. Help yourself.
A. many B. a few C. some D. several
解析： chicken表示鸡肉时不可数，用some修饰。答案：C
例4： — Would you like some ______ — Yes, please. I'm thirsty.
A. bread B. apples C. oranges D. water
解析： thirsty表示口渴，需要水。答案：D
八、分层精练（共40题）
A组 · 判断下列名词是可数（C）还是不可数（U）（每题1分，共12分）
1. apple ______ 2. water ______ 3. milk ______ 4. banana ______
5. bread ______ 6. book ______ 7. rice ______ 8. meat ______
9. tomato ______ 10. juice ______ 11. information ______ 12. money ______
B组 · 用所给名词的适当形式填空（每题1分，共10分）
1. I want to buy two ______ (apple).
2. There is some ______ (milk) in the fridge.
3. How many ______ (tomato) do you need
4. I'd like three ______ (glass) of ______ (water).
5. There are many ______ (child) in the park.
6. She doesn't eat ______ (meat).
7. How much ______ (bread) do you want
8. These ______ (potato) are very fresh.
9. I have a lot of ______ (homework) today.
10. He gave me some useful ______ (advice).
C组 · 单项选择（每题2分，共16分）
1. How many ______ are there in the basket
A. milk B. bread C. apples D. rice
2. I'd like two ______ of ______.
A. cup; tea B. cups; teas C. cups; tea D. cup; teas
3. There is ______ chicken on the plate. It's delicious.
A. many B. a few C. some D. several
4. — Would you like some ______ — Yes, please. I'm thirsty.
A. bread B. apples C. oranges D. water
5. How much ______ do you need
A. apples B. bananas C. milk D. eggs
6. I have ______ homework to do today.
A. many B. a few C. a lot of D. several
7. She bought two ______ of ______ at the supermarket.
A. kilo; tomato B. kilos; tomatoes C. kilo; tomatoes D. kilos; tomato
8. — What would you like — I'd like some ______.
A. apple juice B. apples juice C. apple juices D. apples juices
D组 · 改错（每句只有一处错误，找出并改正，每题2分，共10分）
1. I need two glasses of milks.
2. How many bread do you want
3. There are some chicken on the plate.
4. I'd like a cup of teas.
5. She has a lot of homeworks to do.
E组 · 根据汉语完成句子（每题2分，共10分）
1. 我想要两杯茶。
I'd like two ______ ______ ______.
2. 冰箱里有一些牛奶。
There is ______ ______ in the fridge.
3. 你需要多少公斤苹果？
How many ______ of ______ do you need
4. 她没有给我任何建议。
She didn't give me ______ ______.
5. 我买了一些鸡肉和三个土豆。
I bought some ______ and three ______.
F组 · 语篇填空（每空1分，共8分）
Yesterday, my mother went to the supermarket to buy some ______ (1) (食物). First, she bought some ______ (2) (苹果) and ______ (3) (香蕉). Then she bought two ______ (4) (瓶) of ______ (5) (牛奶). She also bought a piece of ______ (6) (面包) and some ______ (7) (鸡肉). At last, she bought a kilo of ______ (8) (西红柿). She spent 100 yuan in total.
九、参考答案（教师用卷）
A组：
1. C 2. U 3. U 4. C 5. U 6. C 7. U 8. U 9. C 10. U 11. U 12. U
B组：
1. apples 2. milk 3. tomatoes 4. glasses; water 5. children 6. meat 7. bread 8. potatoes 9. homework 10. advice
C组：
1. C 2. C 3. C 4. D 5. C 6. C 7. B 8. A
D组：
1. milks → milk 2. many → much 3. are → is 4. teas → tea 5. homeworks → homework
E组：
1. cups of tea 2. some milk 3. kilos; apples 4. any advice 5. chicken; potatoes
F组：
1. food 2. apples 3. bananas 4. bottles 5. milk 6. bread 7. chicken 8. tomatoes
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