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仁爱科普版·七年级英语下册期中复习
——考点13：祈使句的肯定与否定形式
本考点源自Unit 9 “From Here to There”。祈使句用于表达命令、请求、劝告、警告、禁止等。在日常生活中非常常用，也是期中考试情景对话题的重要考点。
一个小故事：
在环保博物馆里，墙上贴着许多标语：“Don't touch the exhibits!”（请勿触摸展品！）“Keep quiet!”（保持安静！）“Please recycle waste paper.”（请回收废纸。）小明指着一条标语对同学说：“Don't throw rubbish on the ground.”（不要往地上扔垃圾。）同学点点头，把垃圾扔进了垃圾桶。老师微笑着说：“Let's protect the Earth together.”（让我们一起保护地球。）
这些句子都是祈使句。今天我们就来学习祈使句的用法！
一、祈使句的定义
祈使句用于表示命令、请求、劝告、警告、禁止或建议。主语you通常省略，谓语动词用原形，句末用句号或感叹号。
Sit down. (坐下。)
Open the door, please. (请开门。)
Be quiet. (安静。)
二、肯定祈使句
结构：?动词原形 + 其他成分。
Stand up. (起立。)
Turn left at the first crossing. (在第一个路口左转。)
Please come in. (请进。)
注意：?为了表示礼貌，可以在句首或句尾加please。
Please close the window. / Close the window, please.
三、否定祈使句
结构：?Don't + 动词原形 + 其他成分。
Don't run in the hallway. (不要在走廊里跑。)
Don't be late for class. (上课不要迟到。)
Don't waste water. (不要浪费水。)
注意：?“No + 名词/动名词”也可以表示禁止，常用于标语。
No smoking! (禁止吸烟！)
No parking! (禁止停车！)
四、以Let's开头的祈使句
结构：?Let's + 动词原形，表示建议一起做某事。
Let's go to the park. (我们去公园吧。)
Let's plant more trees. (让我们种更多树吧。)
否定形式：?Let's not + 动词原形。
Let's not waste time. (我们不要浪费时间了。)
注意：Let's包括说话者和听话者；Let us不包括听话者（请求允许）。
五、祈使句的回答
对于祈使句，通常用 OK, All right, Yes, I will 等表示接受；用 Sorry, I can't 等表示拒绝。
— Don't forget to turn off the lights. — OK, I won't.
— Please close the door. — All right.
六、易错点提醒
易错1：?否定祈使句中误用not to。
? Not run in the hallway. → ? Don't run in the hallway.
易错2：?be动词在祈使句中的用法。
? Don't be careful. → ? Be careful. (小心) 或 Don't be careless. (别粗心)
易错3：?Let's后面忘记加动词原形。
? Let's to go home. → ? Let's go home.
七、经典例题解析
例1：?______ in the library. It's a rule.
A. No talk?B. Don't talk?C. Not talk?D. No talking
??解析：?“不要在图书馆说话”可以用Don't talk或No talking。答案：B或D（视选项而定，本题最佳为B）
例2：?______ careful! The floor is wet.
A. Be?B. To be?C. Being?D. Do
??解析：?祈使句用动词原形开头。答案：A
例3：?Let's ______ a rest. I'm tired.
A. to have?B. have?C. having?D. had
??解析：?Let's后接动词原形。答案：B
祈使句口诀：
祈使句，省主语，动词原形开头记。
否定形式Don't加，No加名动也可以。
Let's建议一起做，动词原形后面跟。
礼貌用语加please，回答OK或All right。
八、分层练习
L1?基础转换 · 将下列句子改为祈使句（每题2分，共10分）
1. You should stand up. → ______ up.
2. You must not smoke here. → ______ smoke here.
3. You should be quiet. → ______ quiet.
4. You should not waste water. → ______ waste water.
5. You should turn off the lights. → ______ off the lights.
L2?动词填空 · 用所给动词的适当形式填空（每题2分，共12分）
1. ______ (not / run) in the hallway.
2. ______ (be) careful when you cross the street.
3. ______ (turn) left at the second crossing.
4. ______ (not / forget) to turn off the tap.
5. Let's ______ (go) to the park together.
6. ______ (not / be) late for class again.
L3?单项选择 · 选择最佳答案（每题2分，共12分）
1. ______ talk loudly in the library.
A. Not?B. No?C. Don't?D. Doesn't
2. ______ careful! The floor is wet.
A. Be?B. To be?C. Being?D. Is
3. Let's ______ a rest. I'm tired.
A. to have?B. have?C. having?D. had
4. ______ waste paper. We can recycle it.
A. Not throw?B. Don't throw?C. No throw?D. Not to throw
5. — Don't forget to close the window. — ______.
A. Yes, I will?B. No, I won't?C. Yes, I do?D. No, I don't
6. ______ your homework before you watch TV.
A. Doing?B. Do?C. To do?D. Does
L4?句型转换 · 按要求改写句子（每题2分，共10分）
1. You mustn't smoke here. (改为祈使句)
______ smoke here.
2. Please close the door. (改为否定祈使句)
______ close the door.
3. Let's go to the cinema. (改为否定句)
Let's ______ go to the cinema.
4. You should be quiet. (改为祈使句)
______ quiet.
5. No parking. (改为同义祈使句)
______ park here.
L5?改错题 · 找出错误并改正（每题2分，共10分）
1. Not run in the classroom.
2. Let's to go home now.
3. Don't be careful. The floor is wet.
4. No talk in the library.
5. Please don't be late. — Yes, I don't.
L6?完成句子 · 根据汉语提示填空（每题2分，共10分）
1. 不要在走廊里跑。
______ run in the hallway.
2. 请保持安静。
______ quiet, please.
3. 我们一起保护地球吧。
Let's ______ the Earth.
4. 不要浪费水。
______ waste water.
5. 在第二个路口左转。
______ left at the second crossing.
L7?语篇填空 · 用适当的词填空（每空1分，共8分）
Here are some rules for our school. First, ______ (1) run in the hallways. It's dangerous. Second, ______ (2) be late for class. Third, ______ (3) quiet in the library. Fourth, ______ (4) recycle waste paper. Fifth, ______ (5) waste water. Sixth, ______ (6) turn off the lights when you leave the classroom. Finally, let's ______ (7) more trees to make our school beautiful. ______ (8) forget to follow these rules!
L8?情景表达 · 根据情景写出恰当的祈使句（每题2分，共10分）
1. 你想告诉弟弟不要在墙上乱画。你会说：
________________________________________________
2. 你想建议朋友一起去做志愿者。你会说：
________________________________________________
3. 你看到有人在图书馆大声说话，你会劝告他：
________________________________________________
4. 你想提醒妈妈出门前关窗。你会说：
________________________________________________
5. 你想告诉同学不要踩草坪。你会说：
________________________________________________
参考答案（教师用卷）
L1 基础转换：
1. Stand?2. Don't?3. Be?4. Don't?5. Turn
L2 动词填空：
1. Don't run?2. Be?3. Turn?4. Don't forget?5. go?6. Don't be
L3 单项选择：
1. C?2. A?3. B?4. B?5. B?6. B
L4 句型转换：
1. Don't?2. Don't?3. not?4. Be?5. Don't
L5 改错题：
1. Not → Don't?2. 去掉to?3. Don't be → Be?4. talk → talking 或 No talking?5. don't → won't
L6 完成句子：
1. Don't?2. Be?3. protect?4. Don't?5. Turn
L7 语篇填空：
1. Don't?2. Don't?3. Be?4. Please?5. Don't?6. Please?7. plant?8. Don't
L8 情景表达：
1. Don't draw on the wall!
2. Let's do some volunteer work together.
3. Please be quiet in the library. / Don't talk loudly in the library.
4. Please close the window before you leave.
5. Don't walk on the grass.

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