资源简介

2026年版高考英语构词法全攻略（新高考通用）
第一部分：构词法核心导论与2025考情综述
1. 构词法定义与教学价值
许多英语单词的构成都有一定的规律，这种规律被称为构词法（word formation）。掌握构词法知识对考生更好地理解词义、认识新词（如2025年出现的anthropomorphism拟人化）和扩大词汇量有重要意义。英语中的构词法主要有派生法（Derivation）、合成法（Composition）和转换法（Conversion）三大类。
2. 2025年高考命题趋势分析
语境化特征增强： 2025年语法填空不再局限于基础词性转换，如新课标I卷考查了副词修饰过去分词（digitally generated）以及动词的被动语态（are revealed）。
高阶后缀频现： 名词后缀-ance（guidance）和-ence（absence）成为2025年重点，取代了常规的-ion考查。
合成词阅读障碍化： 阅读理解中出现了大量未列入考纲但符合构词规律的词，如mind-blowing（令人震惊的）、decarbonize（减碳）。
第二部分：构词法精讲与2025真题增量词库
规律一：派生法 (Derivation) —— 词缀的艺术
1. 形容词变副词 (Adj. → Adv.)
英语词汇转换规则及示例表
转换规则 基础例词 2025年真题增量考点
直接加 -ly clear → clearly; great → greatly digital → digitally (2025新I); environmental → environmentally (2025浙江）
改 y 为 -ily happy → happily; heavy → heavily merry → merrily (2025新I续写）; lucky → luckily
去 e 加 -ly true → truly extreme → extremely
词尾 -le 去 e 加 y gentle → gently; terrible → terribly probable → probably
2. 核心后缀：名词化转换 (Adj.V. → N.)
后缀类别及相关考点表格
后缀类别 基础例词 2025年真题增量考点
-ance / -ence appear → appearance; different → difference guide → guidance (2025新I); absent → absence (2025新II); refer → reference
-cy accurate → accuracy; efficient → efficiency accurate → accuracy (2025浙江）
-ion / -ation construct → construction; imagine → imagination solve → solution (2025浙江）; signify → significance; identify → identity
-ity / -ty responsible → responsibility; able → ability diverse → diversity (2025新I); complex → complexity; secure → security
-ment argue → argument; equip → equipment assign → assignment (2025新I); attach → attachment (2025新II)
3. 核心后缀：形容词化转换 (V.N. → Adj.)
词汇后缀类别及相关考点表格
后缀类别 基础例词 2025年真题增量考点
-ic / -al science → scientific; nature → natural strategy → strategic (2025新I); center → central (2025新II); logic → logical
-able / -ible accept → acceptable; horror → horrible renew → renewable (2025新I); access → accessible (2025浙江）
-ive effect → effective persuade → persuasive (2025新I); compete → competitive
-ful / -less hope → hopeful/hopeless care → careful/careless
4. 表示“人或职业”的后缀
词汇后缀分类表
后缀 示例词汇
-er / -or stranger; inventor; educator; villager
-ant / -ist assistant; specialist; tourist
-ee （被动者） employee （雇员）; interviewee （被面试者）
5. 2025年高频前缀（否定与动作）
词缀及对应词汇示例表
词缀 含义 示例词汇
un- 相反/否定 unintentional （无意的）; unexpected （出乎意料的）
in- / im- / ir- 表示否定 insecurity （不安全感）; irregular （不规则）
de- 除去/加强 decarbonize （减碳）
en- 使动 enlarge （扩大）; enrich （使丰富）
第三部分：2026提优专题——转换法与合成法
1. 转换法 (Conversion)
2025年真题中频繁出现“熟词新性”的考查，这本质上是转换法的延伸：
skirt (n.裙子 → v.环绕/位于…边缘）: ...Skirting the town square, you'll find...
champion (n.冠军 → v.捍卫/支持）: ...to champion "New York as a decent place to live"...
pack (v.包装 → v.塞进/挤进）: ...They pack them into the car instead.
2. 合成法 (Composition) —— 2025阅读高频词汇
合成词是2025年长难句的“拦路虎”，教学中需引导学生拆解：
lightweight (轻量的) = light + weight
mind-blowing (令人震惊的) = mind + blowing
houseplant (室内植物) = house + plant
short-lived (短暂的) = short + lived
clothesline (晾衣绳) = clothes + line
第四部分：2026好题冲关 (2025年真题专项演练）
专项一：语法填空 （词性转换）
1. (2025新I) You try to lead the opponent into your trap and force them to follow your __________ (guide) till they lose.
答案：guidance。考查动词变名词作宾语。
2. (2025新I) ...inspired artists to create oil paintings, sculptures, __________ (digital) generated pictures...
答案：digitally。考查副词修饰过去分词。
3. (2025新II) ...and __________ (center) heating doesn't exist.
答案：central。考查名词变形容词作定语。
4. (2025新II) The sun-dried clothes smell especially pleasant... thanks to the __________ (absent) of smog.
答案：absence。考查形容词变名词，the...of结构。
5. (2025浙江1月） ...clothing rental services have become increasingly popular. As people now choose to wear more clothes fewer __________ (time)...
答案：times。考查名词复数。
专项二：阅读派生词理解 （选出自2025年真题文本）
请写出下列单词的词根及构词方式：
1. sustainability (n. 可持续性） ← __________ (v. 维持） + -able + -ity
2. replacement (n. 替换物） ← __________ (v. 替换） + -ment
3. originally (adv. 起初地） ← origin (n.) + -al + __________
4. unintentional (adj. 无意的） ← un- + __________ (n. 意图） + -al
教学提示 (2026备考建议）
1. 重点攻克“形似”名词后缀： 2025年新I卷考查了guidance而非guiding，新Ⅱ卷考查了absence而非absentness。建议加强-ance, -ence, -ity等高阶后缀的对比训练。
2. 关注“副词+分词”结构： digitally generated 这类构词结构是2025年的亮点，反映了高考对高级表达的倾向，教师在教授副词词缀时应结合句法功能。
3. 从阅读中识构词： 2025年应用文和说明文中大量合成词（如for-profit, interlibrary）虽不直接考填空，但影响阅读速度，需作为增量内容进行拆解教学。2026年高考英语构词法好题冲关：
基础通关——原版经典60题特训
【说明】：以下《好题冲关》核心题库，涵盖名词、形容词、副词的全维度转换。
语法填空：请在空格处填入所给词的适当形式。
1. The (fly) was cancelled as a result of the terrible weather.
2. His (careless) resulted in his failure in the math contest.
3. The once beautiful river has turned into a (smell) dustbin.
4. Since then, there has been no (office) communication with the kidnappers.
5. It was (extreme) difficult to build such a wall.
6. We need (practice) suggestions to get us out of trouble.
7. Men and women sit in separate areas at wedding (receive).
8. A (retire) engineer has been offering free rides.
9. He found he could no longer deal with his (demand) job.
10. I must make an (apologize) to him for not going to his party.
11. Some media (confirm) the conflict was under control.
12. (initial), I thought I could adapt to the climate there.
13. Even if you (fail) once again, it doesn't suggest that you are a (fail).
14. Kara's phone has been ringing (frequent). We are bored with the frequency.
15. The office will be closed (temporary), but it will be open soon.
16. When food (distribute), they complained that its distribution was not fair.
17. Seeing the cat killed in the (violent), the little girl trembled (violent).
18. The great (empire) united the small states into a powerful empire.
19. Her face was covered with (dirty), which made it look dirtier than usual.
20. Though with (bare) feet, the girl (bare) felt a bit cold.
21. The pretty girl looked (elegant), and no one could match her elegance.
22. He (lack) the skills, so we didn't admit him due to lack of interest.
23. My daughter (vivid) described what she had seen.
24. My boss (urge) me to work overtime, and I had an urge to hit him.
25. They are discussing how to build up a (power) government.
26. It's (wonder). We are so proud of her.
27. (compare) with letters, e-mails are more convenient.
28. Children are allowed much more (free) these days.
29. They fought a long battle against prejudice and (ignorant).
30. South Africa has submitted an (apply) to host the World Cup.
31. He took a very (science) approach to management.
32. We moved into a cabin with (electric).
33. He remained the most popular (politic) in Arkansas.
34. The buildings blend in with their (surround).
35. The author's (intend) is to keep everyone guessing.
36. His only chance of (survive) was a heart transplant.
37. Television replaces reading as a form of (entertain).
38. Join us to taste a (various) of fresh local food.
39. Proper (arrange) should be made for students' rest.
40. Judged by people's (aware) of animal protection.
41. There are (obvious) many other situations.
42. Keeping their eyes on me with (curious).
43. Energy savings from all (recycle) materials.
44. The dark spot is about two times the (long) of the United States.
45. If she had been aware that the mushrooms were (poison).
46. Both locally and (global), the continued spread of coffee plantations...
47. Zookeepers didn't want to see the (extinct) of this species.
48. Many ways to increase (agriculture) efficiency.
49. The (disappear) of dinosaurs was caused by incidents.
50. The title will be (official) given to me.
51. This kind of soil is not (suit) for growing peanuts.
52. It is essential to get good (profession) advice.
53. The method is (specific) designed for small groups.
54. It was (significant)that they were aware of the significance of the rules.
55. We want the (accuracy)data, so you must assure the accuracy.
56. I am embarrassed at my complete (ignore) of world history.
57. However, Carson’s theme is a more weighty (warn) about environmental destruction.
58. It is (legal) to drive after drinking alcohol.
59. The fish is a bit (smell). We can't eat it.
60. (unfortunate), they were caught in a snowstorm.
语法填空参考答案及解析
1. The flight (fly) was cancelled as a result of the terrible weather.
解析：空格前有定冠词“The”，后接系动词“was”，需填入名词作主语。“fly”的名词形式为“flight”（航班）。
2. His carelessness (careless) resulted in his failure in the math contest.
解析：空格前有形容词性物主代词“His”，需填入名词作主语。“careless”（形容词，粗心的）的名词形式为“carelessness”（粗心）。
3. The once beautiful river has turned into a smelly (smell) dustbin.
解析：空格后为名词“dustbin”（垃圾桶），需填入形容词作定语。“smell”（动词，闻）的形容词形式为“smelly”（有臭味的）。
4. Since then, there has been no official (office) communication with the kidnappers.
解析：空格后为名词“communication”（沟通），需填入形容词作定语。“office”（名词，办公室）的形容词形式为“official”（官方的）。
5. It was extremely (extreme) difficult to build such a wall.
解析：空格后为形容词“difficult”（困难的），需填入副词修饰形容词。“extreme”（形容词，极端的）的副词形式为“extremely”（极其）。
6. We need practical (practice) suggestions to get us out of trouble.
解析：空格后为名词“suggestions”（建议），需填入形容词作定语。“practice”（名词，实践）的形容词形式为“practical”（实际的）。
7. Men and women sit in separate areas at wedding receptions (receive).
解析：空格前为“wedding”（婚礼），需填入名词构成固定搭配“wedding reception”（婚礼招待会）。“receive”（动词，接收）的名词形式为“reception”，此处用复数“receptions”表泛指。
8. A retired (retire) engineer has been offering free rides.
解析：空格后为名词“engineer”（工程师），需填入形容词作定语。“retire”（动词，退休）的过去分词形式“retired”（已退休的）可作形容词。
9. He found he could no longer deal with his demanding (demand) job.
解析：空格后为名词“job”（工作），需填入形容词作定语。“demand”（动词，要求）的形容词形式为“demanding”（要求高的）。
10. I must make an apology (apologize) to him for not going to his party.
解析：空格前有不定冠词“an”，需填入名词。“apologize”（动词，道歉）的名词形式为“apology”（道歉）。
11. Some media confirmed (confirm) the conflict was under control.
解析：句子缺少谓语动词，主语“Some media”（一些媒体）为复数，结合上下文“the conflict was under control”（冲突已得到控制）的过去时态，谓语动词用“confirm”的过去式“confirmed”。
12. Initially (initial), I thought I could adapt to the climate there.
解析：空格位于句首，修饰整个句子，需填入副词作状语。“initial”（形容词，最初的）的副词形式为“initially”（最初）。
13. Even if you fail (fail) once again, it doesn't suggest that you are a failure (fail).
解析：
第一个空：主句为一般现在时，条件状语从句用一般现在时表将来，主语“you”后用动词原形“fail”。
第二个空：空格前有不定冠词“a”，需填入名词，“fail”（动词，失败）的名词形式为“failure”（失败者）。
14. Kara's phone has been ringing frequently (frequent).
解析：空格修饰动词“ringing”（响铃），需填入副词。“frequent”（形容词，频繁的）的副词形式为“frequently”（频繁地）。
15. The office will be closed temporarily (temporary), but it will be open soon.
解析：空格修饰形容词“closed”（关闭的），需填入副词。“temporary”（形容词，临时的）的副词形式为“temporarily”（暂时地）。
16. When food had been distributed (distribute), they complained that its distribution was not fair.
解析：“food”（食物）与“distribute”（分发）为被动关系，且“complained”（抱怨）为过去式，“分发”发生在“抱怨”之前，需用过去完成时的被动语态“had been distributed”。
17. Seeing the cat killed in the violence (violent), the little girl trembled violently.
解析：
第一个空：“in the”后需接名词，“violent”（形容词，暴力的）的名词形式为“violence”（暴力）。
第二个空：修饰动词“trembled”（颤抖），需用副词“violently”（剧烈地）。
18. The great emperor (empire) united the small states into a powerful empire.
解析：空格前为“The great”，需填入指人的名词作主语。“empire”（名词，帝国）对应的指人名词为“emperor”（皇帝）。
19. Her face was covered with dirt (dirty), which made it look dirtier than usual.
解析：“with”后需接名词作宾语，“dirty”（形容词，脏的）的名词形式为“dirt”（污垢）。
20. Though with bare (bare) feet, the girl barely (bare) felt a bit cold.
解析：
第一个空：修饰名词“feet”（脚），用形容词“bare”（赤裸的）。
第二个空：修饰动词“felt”（感觉），用副词“barely”（几乎不）。
21. The pretty girl looked elegant (elegant), and no one could match her elegance.
解析：
第一个空：“looked”为系动词，后接形容词“elegant”（优雅的）作表语。
第二个空：“her”后需接名词，“elegant”的名词形式为“elegance”（优雅）。
22. He lacked (lack) the skills, so we didn't admit him due to lack of interest.
解析：
第一个空：句子缺少谓语动词，结合后半句“didn't admit”（未录取）的过去时态，用“lack”的过去式“lacked”。
第二个空：“due to”后接名词，“lack”（名词，缺乏）构成固定搭配“lack of”（缺乏）。
23. My daughter vividly (vivid) described what she had seen.
解析：空格修饰动词“described”（描述），需填入副词。“vivid”（形容词，生动的）的副词形式为“vividly”（生动地）。
24. My boss urged (urge) me to work overtime, and I had an urge to hit him.
解析：
第一个空：句子缺少谓语动词，结合后半句“had”（有）的过去时态，用“urge”的过去式“urged”（催促）。
第二个空：“an”后接名词，“urge”（名词，冲动）构成“have an urge to do sth”（有做某事的冲动）。
25. They are discussing how to build up a powerful (power) government.
解析：空格后为名词“government”（政府），需填入形容词作定语。“power”（名词，权力）的形容词形式为“powerful”（强大的）。
26. It's wonderful (wonder). We are so proud of her.
解析：“It's”后接形容词作表语，“wonder”（名词，奇迹）的形容词形式为“wonderful”（极好的）。
pared (compare) with letters, e-mails are more convenient.
解析：逗号前为非谓语动词短语作状语，“e-mails”（电子邮件）与“compare”（比较）为被动关系，用过去分词“Compared”，构成固定搭配“Compared with”（与……相比）。
28. Children are allowed much more freedom (free) these days.
解析：空格前有“much more”，需填入名词作宾语。“free”（形容词，自由的）的名词形式为“freedom”（自由）。
29. They fought a long battle against prejudice and ignorance (ignorant).
解析：空格与“prejudice”（偏见）并列作介词“against”的宾语，需填入名词。“ignorant”（形容词，无知的）的名词形式为“ignorance”（无知）。
30. South Africa has submitted an application (apply) to host the World Cup.
解析：空格前有不定冠词“an”，需填入名词。“apply”（动词，申请）的名词形式为“application”（申请）。
31. He took a very scientific (science) approach to management.
解析：空格后为名词“approach”（方法），需填入形容词作定语。“science”（名词，科学）的形容词形式为“scientific”（科学的）。
32. We moved into a cabin with electricity (electric).
解析：空格前为介词“with”，需填入名词作宾语。“electric”（形容词，电的）的名词形式为“electricity”（电力）。
33. He remained the most popular politician (politic) in Arkansas.
解析：空格前为“the most popular”，需填入指人的名词作表语。“politic”（形容词，精明的）对应的指人名词为“politician”（政治家）。
34. The buildings blend in with their surroundings (surround).
解析：空格前为“their”，需填入名词。“surround”（动词，环绕）的名词形式为“surroundings”（环境，常用复数）。
35. The author's intention (intend) is to keep everyone guessing.
解析：空格前为名词所有格“author's”，需填入名词作主语。“intend”（动词，打算）的名词形式为“intention”（意图）。
36. His only chance of survival (survive) was a heart transplant.
解析：空格前为“of”，需填入名词作介词宾语。“survive”（动词，幸存）的名词形式为“survival”（生存）。
37. Television replaces reading as a form of entertainment (entertain).
解析：空格前为“of”，需填入名词作介词宾语。“entertain”（动词，娱乐）的名词形式为“entertainment”（娱乐）。
38. Join us to taste a variety (various) of fresh local food.
解析：空格前为“a”，需填入名词构成固定搭配“a variety of”（各种各样的）。“various”（形容词，多样的）的名词形式为“variety”（种类）。
39. Proper arrangements (arrange) should be made for students' rest.
解析：空格前为形容词“Proper”，需填入名词作主语。“arrange”（动词，安排）的名词形式为“arrangements”（安排，常用复数）。
40. Judged by people's awareness (aware) of animal protection.
解析：空格前为名词所有格“people's”，需填入名词作介词“by”的宾语。“aware”（形容词，意识到的）的名词形式为“awareness”（意识）。
41. There are obviously (obvious) many other situations.
解析：空格修饰整个句子，需填入副词作状语。“obvious”（形容词，明显的）的副词形式为“obviously”（明显地）。
42. Keeping their eyes on me with curiosity (curious).
解析：空格前为介词“with”，需填入名词作宾语。“curious”（形容词，好奇的）的名词形式为“curiosity”（好奇心）。
43. Energy savings from all recyclable (recycle) materials.
解析：空格后为名词“materials”（材料），需填入形容词作定语。“recycle”（动词，回收）的形容词形式为“recyclable”（可回收的）。
44. The dark spot is about two times the length (long) of the United States.
解析：空格前为“the”，需填入名词构成“the length of”（…的长度）。“long”（形容词，长的）的名词形式为“length”（长度）。
45. If she had been aware that the mushrooms were poisonous (poison).
解析：空格前为系动词“were”，需填入形容词作表语。“poison”（名词/动词，毒药/毒害）的形容词形式为“poisonous”（有毒的）。
46. Both locally and globally (global), the continued spread of coffee plantations...
解析：空格与“locally”（在本地）并列，需填入副词作状语。“global”（形容词，全球的）的副词形式为“globally”（在全球）。
47. Zookeepers didn't want to see the extinction (extinct) of this species.
解析：空格前为“the”，需填入名词作宾语。“extinct”（形容词，灭绝的）的名词形式为“extinction”（灭绝）。
48. Many ways to increase agricultural (agriculture) efficiency.
解析：空格后为名词“efficiency”（效率），需填入形容词作定语。“agriculture”（名词，农业）的形容词形式为“agricultural”（农业的）。
49. The disappearance (disappear) of dinosaurs was caused by incidents.
解析：空格前为“the”，需填入名词作主语。“disappear”（动词，消失）的名词形式为“disappearance”（消失）。
50. The title will be officially (official) given to me.
解析：空格修饰动词“given”（给予），需填入副词。“official”（形容词，官方的）的副词形式为“officially”（正式地）。
51. This kind of soil is not suitable (suit) for growing peanuts.
解析：空格前为系动词“is”，需填入形容词构成固定搭配“be suitable for”（适合……）。“suit”（动词，适合）的形容词形式为“suitable”（适合的）。
52. It is essential to get good professional (profession) advice.
解析：空格后为名词“advice”（建议），需填入形容词作定语。“profession”（名词，职业）的形容词形式为“professional”（专业的）。
53. The method is specifically (specific) designed for small groups.
解析：空格修饰动词“designed”（设计），需填入副词。“specific”（形容词，特定的）的副词形式为“specifically”（专门地）。
54. It was significant that they were aware of the significance of the rules.(significant)
解析：
第一个空：“It was”后接形容词作表语，用“significant”（重要的）。
第二个空：“the”后需接名词，“significant”的名词形式为“significance”（重要性）。
55. We want the accurate data, so you must assure the accuracy. (accuracy)
解析：
第一个空：修饰名词“data”（数据），用形容词“accurate”（准确的）。
第二个空：“assure”后接名词作宾语，“accuracy”（准确性）为名词形式。
56. I am embarrassed at my complete ignorance (ignore) of world history.
解析：空格前为形容词“complete”，需填入名词作介词“at”的宾语。“ignore”（动词，忽视）的名词形式为“ignorance”（无知）。
57. However, Carson’s theme is a more weighty warning (warn) about environmental destruction.
解析：考查名词。句意：然而，卡森的主题是对环境破坏的更严重警告。形容词weighty后接名词形式。根据句中不定冠词a可知，用可数名词的单数形式。故填warning。
58. It is illegal (legal) to drive after drinking alcohol.
解析：根据句意“酒后驾驶是____”，需填入“legal”（合法的）的否定形式“illegal”（非法的）作表语。
59. The fish is a bit smelly (smell). We can't eat it.
解析：空格前为系动词“is”，需填入形容词作表语。“smell”（动词，闻）的形容词形式为“smelly”（有臭味的）。
60. Unfortunately (unfortunate), they were caught in a snowstorm.
解析：空格位于句首，修饰整个句子，需填入副词作状语。“unfortunate”（形容词，不幸的）的副词形式为“unfortunately”（不幸地）。

展开更多......

收起↑