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沪教牛津八年级下册Unit 4 Arts and heritage 知识清单
（背诵版）
目录
核心词汇（词形变换+搭配+例句）…………………………………………………………1
核心词组（搭配+例句） …………………………………………………………………… 7
核心语法：情态动词can/could/may/might + 一般将来时的被动…………………………9
单元书面表达总结（写作指导+高分素材+范文+模板） …………………………………12
一、核心词汇（词形变换+搭配+例句）
说明：词汇均来自课本单词表及课文重点词，词形变换、搭配贴合单元考点，例句适配八年级难度，贴合课文语境。
1. master
词性：n. 著名画家；绘画大师 / v. 精通，掌握
词形变换：masterful adj. 技艺精湛的；mastery n. 精通
常见搭配：a master of... 一位……大师；master a skill 掌握一项技能
例句：Wang Xizhi was one of the greatest masters of calligraphy.
（王羲之是最伟大的书法大师之一。）
2. masterpiece
词性：n. 代表作；杰作
词形变换：无（可数名词，复数：masterpieces）
常见搭配：a great masterpiece 一幅伟大的杰作；one of the masterpieces 杰作之一
例句：Many experts think Dwelling in the Fuchun Mountains is among the greatest masterpieces in Chinese art history.（许多专家认为《富春山居图》是中国艺术史上最伟大的杰作之一。）
3. alone
词性：adv. 独自 / adj. 独自的，单独的
词形变换：lonely adj. 孤独的（情感上）
常见搭配：live alone 独自居住；sit alone 独自坐着；be alone 独自一人
例句：On the river, there is a man sitting alone on a boat.（河上，有一个人独自坐在船上。）
4. copy
词性：v. 仿造；临摹 / n. 复印件；复制品
词形变换：copied（过去式/过去分词）；copying（现在分词）；copies（复数/第三人称单数）
常见搭配：copy a painting 临摹一幅画；a copy of 一份……的复制品
例句：When I first started painting, I practised copying famous paintings.（当我刚开始画画时，我练习临摹著名的画作。）
5. damage
词性：v. 损坏；毁坏 / n. 损坏，破坏
词形变换：damaged（过去式/过去分词）；damaging（现在分词）
常见搭配：be damaged by 被……损坏；cause damage to 对……造成破坏
例句：The famous painting was damaged by fire, and it was split into two pieces.（这幅著名的画作被火损坏，分成了两部分。）
6. separate
词性：adj. 不同的；不相关的 / v. 分开；分离
词形变换：separated（过去式/过去分词）；separating（现在分词）；separation n. 分离
常见搭配：separate...from... 把……和……分开；go separate ways 分道扬镳
例句：The two parts went their separate ways after the fire.（火灾后，这两部分分道扬镳。）
7. exhibition
词性：n. 展览；展出
词形变换：exhibit v. 展出；显示
常见搭配：hold an exhibition 举办展览；an exhibition of... 一场……的展览；be on exhibition 展出
例句：The two pieces of the painting were shown together in an exhibition in 2011.（2011年，这幅画的两部分在一场展览中一同展出。）
8. graduate
词性：v. 毕业 / n. 毕业生
词形变换：graduated（过去式/过去分词）；graduating（现在分词）；graduation n. 毕业
常见搭配：graduate from... 从……毕业；graduate in... 毕业于……专业
例句：Fan Jinshi began working as an archaeologist in Dunhuang after she graduated from Peking University.（樊锦诗从北京大学毕业后，开始在敦煌担任考古学家。）
9. preserve
词性：v. 维持……的原状；保存
词形变换：preserved（过去式/过去分词）；preserving（现在分词）；preservation n. 保存
常见搭配：preserve cultural heritage 保护文化遗产；preserve...from... 保护……免受……
例句：She and her colleagues continued to search for ways of preserving the cultural treasures.（她和她的同事们继续寻找保存这些文化宝藏的方法。）
10. devote
词性：v. 把……奉献给
词形变换：devoted（过去式/过去分词/adj. 忠诚的，投入的）；devoting（现在分词）；devotion n. 奉献
常见搭配：devote one's life to doing sth. 把一生奉献给做某事；be devoted to 致力于……
例句：Fan Jinshi has devoted her life to researching and preserving Dunhuang's cultural heritage.（樊锦诗将她的一生奉献给了敦煌文化遗产的研究和保护。）
11. painting
词性：n. 绘画；画作 / v. 绘画（paint的现在分词）
词形变换：paint v. 绘画；painter n. 画家；painted（过去式/过去分词）
常见搭配：a oil painting 一幅油画；a Chinese painting 一幅中国画；paint a painting 画一幅画
例句：There are many beautiful paintings in the art exhibition held in our school.（我们学校举办的艺术展上有许多漂亮的画作。）
12. sculpture
词性：n. 雕塑；雕刻品 / v. 雕刻（sculpt的派生词）
词形变换：sculpt v. 雕刻；sculptor n. 雕塑家；sculptural adj. 雕塑的
常见搭配：stone sculpture 石雕；wooden sculpture 木雕；a sculpture of... 一座……的雕塑
例句：The Mogao Caves are famous for their wall paintings and sculptures.（莫高窟以其壁画和雕塑而闻名。）
13. culture
词性：n. 文化；文明
词形变换：cultural adj. 文化的；cultured adj. 有教养的
常见搭配：Chinese culture 中国文化；traditional culture 传统文化；cultural heritage 文化遗产
例句：We should learn to protect and pass on our traditional culture.（我们应该学会保护和传承我们的传统文化。）
14. heritage
词性：n. 遗产；传统
常见搭配：cultural heritage 文化遗产；natural heritage 自然遗产；world heritage 世界遗产
例句：Dunhuang's cultural heritage is an important part of Chinese civilization.（敦煌文化遗产是中华文明的重要组成部分。）
15. priceless
词性：adj. 无价的；极珍贵的
词形变换：price n. 价格；pricelessly adv. 无价地；反义词：cheap adj. 便宜的；expensive adj. 昂贵的
常见搭配：priceless treasures 无价之宝；priceless works of art 无价的艺术品
例句：The wall paintings in the Mogao Caves are priceless and should be well protected.（莫高窟的壁画是无价之宝，应该得到很好的保护。）
16. ancient
词性：adj. 古代的；古老的
词形变换：ancientness n. 古老；反义词：modern adj. 现代的
常见搭配：ancient culture 古代文化；ancient buildings 古建筑；ancient times 古代
例句：Many ancient paintings have been well preserved in the museum for hundreds of years.（许多古代画作在博物馆里被完好保存了数百年。）
17. traditional
词性：adj. 传统的；惯例的
词形变换：tradition n. 传统；traditionally adv. 传统上
常见搭配：traditional crafts 传统手工艺；traditional festivals 传统节日；traditional skills 传统技能
例句：My grandma is good at making traditional paper-cuts for the Spring Festival.（我奶奶擅长在春节时做传统剪纸。）
18. skill
词性：n. 技能；技巧
词形变换：skilled adj. 熟练的；skillful adj. 灵巧的；skillfully adv. 灵巧地
常见搭配：traditional skills 传统技能；master a skill 掌握一项技能；practical skills 实用技能
例句：It takes years of practice to master the skill of painting Chinese landscapes.（掌握中国山水画的绘画技巧需要多年的练习。）
19. tool
词性：n. 工具；用具
词形变换：tools（复数）；toolbox n. 工具箱
常见搭配：painting tools 绘画工具；carving tools 雕刻工具；use a tool 使用工具
例句：The artist uses simple tools to create beautiful works of art.（这位艺术家使用简单的工具创作漂亮的艺术品。）
20. material
词性：n. 材料；原料 / adj. 物质的
词形变换：materials（复数）；materially adv. 物质上
常见搭配：art materials 艺术材料；raw materials 原材料；use different materials 使用不同的材料
例句：We can use red paper and scissors as materials to make paper-cuts.（我们可以用红纸和剪刀作为材料做剪纸。）
21. design
词性：v. 设计；构思 / n. 设计；图案
词形变换：designed（过去式/过去分词）；designing（现在分词）；designer n. 设计师
常见搭配：design a pattern 设计图案；a beautiful design 漂亮的设计；design sth. for sb. 为某人设计某物
例句：Before painting, the artist spends a lot of time designing the composition of the picture.（画画之前，这位艺术家会花很多时间设计画面的构图。）
22. draw
词性：v. 画；绘画；吸引
词形变换：drew（过去式）；drawn（过去分词）；drawing n. 绘画；素描
常见搭配：draw a picture 画画；draw a sketch 画草图；draw attention 吸引注意力
例句：She likes to draw beautiful flowers and birds in her free time.（她喜欢在空闲时间画漂亮的花鸟。）
23. create
词性：v. 创造；创作
词形变换：created（过去式/过去分词）；creating（现在分词）；creation n. 创造；作品
常见搭配：create works of art 创作艺术品；create new designs 创造新设计；create a new style 创造新风格
例句：The famous painter spent three years creating his great masterpiece.（这位著名画家花了三年时间创作他的伟大杰作。）
24. repair
词性：v. 修理；修复 / n. 修理；修补
词形变换：repaired（过去式/过去分词）；repairing（现在分词）；repairman n. 修理工
常见搭配：repair damaged paintings 修复受损的画作；repair old sculptures 修复古老的雕塑；in repair 处于良好状态
例句：Experts are trying to repair the damaged mural in the ancient cave.（专家们正努力修复古代洞窟中受损的壁画。）
25. display
词性：v. 展示；陈列 / n. 展示；陈列
词形变换：displayed（过去式/过去分词）；displaying（现在分词）；displayable adj. 可展示的
常见搭配：display works of art 展示艺术品；on display 展出；a display of paintings 画作展览
例句：More than 100 traditional crafts are on display in the city museum this month.（这个月市博物馆展出了100多件传统手工艺作品。）
二、核心词组（搭配+例句）
说明：词组均来自课文及单元练习，优先收录高频考点词组，例句贴合课本语境，便于理解和记忆。
1. in one sitting
含义：一口气的工夫，一次完成
例句：He first made a rough drawing of the whole painting in one sitting.
（他首先一口气画出了整幅画的草图。）
2. in the mood
含义：有心情（做某事）
搭配：be in the mood to do sth. 有心情做某事；be not in the mood to do sth. 没心情做某事
例句：Li Na was not in the mood to go anywhere, so she stayed at home.
（李娜没心情去任何地方，所以她待在了家里。）
3. pass along
含义：向前行；沿……而过
例句：Along the way, we follow narrow paths, cross wooden bridges and pass along a wide river.（一路上，我们沿着狭窄的小路前行，穿过木桥，沿着宽阔的河流走过。）
4. be at one with nature
含义：与自然融为一体
例句：It looks like he is at one with nature, and we feel the same when we look at the painting.
（他看起来与自然融为一体，我们看这幅画时也有同样的感觉。）
5. next to
含义：紧邻；在……近旁
例句：One of the owners liked it so much that he even put it next to himself while sleeping and eating.（有一位主人非常喜欢它，甚至在睡觉和吃饭时都把它放在身边。）
6. at last
含义：最后；终于
例句：After more than 300 years of separation, the two parts of the legendary painting were at last shown together.（经过300多年的分离，这幅传奇画作的两部分终于一同展出。）
7. all walks of life
含义：各行各业；各界人士
例句：It is famous for showing the lifestyles of people from all walks of life.
（它以展现各行各业人们的生活方式而闻名。）
8. all the time
含义：一直；始终
例句：His hands are rough because he works with dough all the time.
（他的手很粗糙，因为他一直和面团打交道。）
9. make up one's mind
含义：下定决心
搭配：make up one's mind to do sth. 下定决心做某事
例句：Fan Jinshi made up her mind: she had to save these cultural treasures.
（樊锦诗下定决心：她必须拯救这些文化宝藏。）
10. be full of
含义：充满……
同义短语：be filled with
例句：The caves are full of priceless wall paintings and sculptures.
（这些洞窟里满是珍贵的壁画和雕塑。）
11. thanks to
含义：多亏；由于
例句：Thanks to the hard work of Fan Jinshi and her colleagues, we can still see these cultural treasures today.（多亏了樊锦诗和她同事们的努力，我们今天还能看到这些文化宝藏。）
12. be damaged by
含义：被……损坏
例句：Unfortunately, the site has been damaged by sand, weather and human activity.
（不幸的是，这个地方因为风沙、天气和人类活动而受到破坏。）
三、核心语法：一般过去时的被动语态 & 一般将来时的被动语态（详细讲解+例句+练习题）
（一）一般过去时的被动语态
1. 定义
表示过去某个时间发生的动作，主语是动作的承受者（即动作不是由主语发出，而是由其他人/物发出），强调“过去被做某事”。
2. 结构（核心）
主语 + was / were + 动词的过去分词（done） + （by + 动作的执行者）
易错点补充：
① 主语是单数（可数名词单数、不可数名词、人称代词单数he/she/it），用was；
② 主语是复数（可数名词复数、人称代词复数we/you/they），用were；
③ by + 动作执行者（可选），当不需要强调“谁做的”时，可省略by短语。
3. 否定句
主语 + was / were + not + 动词的过去分词 + （by + 动作执行者）
缩写：was not = wasn't；were not = weren't
4. 一般疑问句
Was / Were + 主语 + 动词的过去分词 + （by + 动作执行者）？
回答：Yes, 主语 + was / were. / No, 主语 + wasn't / weren't.
5. 例句
① 肯定句：The painting was painted by Huang Gongwang.（这幅画是黄公望画的。）
② 肯定句：The two parts of the painting were shown together in 2011.
（这幅画的两部分于2011年一同展出。）
③ 否定句：The painting wasn't damaged by accident.（这幅画不是意外损坏的。）
④ 一般疑问句：Was the library cave discovered in the early 20th century
（藏经洞是在20世纪初被发现的吗？）
⑤ 回答：Yes, it was.（是的，它是。） / No, it wasn't.（不，它不是。）
（二）一般将来时的被动语态
1. 定义
表示将来某个时间会发生的动作，主语是动作的承受者，强调“将来会被做某事”。
2. 结构（核心）
主语 + will be + 动词的过去分词（done） + （by + 动作的执行者）
易错点补充：
① will be 不受主语单复数影响，所有主语后均用will be；
② by + 动作执行者（可选），省略情况同一般过去时的被动语态；
③ 同义结构：be going to be + 过去分词（较少用，单元重点掌握will be结构）。
3. 否定句
主语 + will not + be + 动词的过去分词 + （by + 动作执行者）
缩写：will not = won't
4. 一般疑问句
Will + 主语 + be + 动词的过去分词 + （by + 动作执行者）？
回答：Yes, 主语 + will. / No, 主语 + won't.
5. 例句
① 肯定句：The winners will be announced this afternoon.（获奖者将于今天下午被公布。）
② 肯定句：Some of her paintings will be sold online.（她的一些画作将在网上出售。）
③ 否定句：The art show won't be held next week.（这场艺术展下周不会举办。）
④ 一般疑问句：Will the artist be invited to give a talk （这位艺术家会被邀请来做演讲吗？）
⑤ 回答：Yes, he will.（是的，他会。） / No, he won't.（不，他不会。）
（三）易混点辨析
时态 结构 关键词（时间标志） 例句
一般过去时被动 was/were + done yesterday, last year, in 2011, ago, just now, 过去的具体时间 The painting was split into two pieces around 1650.（这幅画大约在1650年被分成两部分。）
一般将来时被动 will be + done tomorrow, next week, this afternoon, soon, in the future All the paintings will be put on display for two weeks.（所有画作将展出两周。）
（四）语法练习题
基础题：
用所给动词的适当形式填空（被动语态）
1. The first cave in Dunhuang ________ (dig) in the 4th century CE.
2. The Mogao Caves ________ (add) to the UNESCO World Heritage List in 1987.
3. The post about Granny Chen's art show ________ (share) by thousands of people last week.
4. The students' parents ________ (invite) to the art show opening next month.
5. The Digital Dunhuang project ________ (start) many years ago to preserve the murals.
6. The art exhibition ________ (hold) at our school next summer.
答案
1. was dug 2. were added 3. was shared 4. will be invited 5. was started 6. will be held
提升题：
句型转换（改为被动语态）
1. Huang Gongwang painted Dwelling in the Fuchun Mountains.（改为一般过去时被动）
________________________________________________________________
2. We will put all the artworks on display in the library.（改为一般将来时被动）
________________________________________________________________
3. Some foreign explorers took the manuscripts out of China.（改为一般过去时被动，否定句）
________________________________________________________________
4. They will invite some local artists to be the judges.（改为一般将来时被动，一般疑问句）
________________________________________________________________
答案
1. Dwelling in the Fuchun Mountains was painted by Huang Gongwang.
2. All the artworks will be put on display in the library by us.
3. The manuscripts were not taken out of China by some foreign explorers.
4. Will some local artists be invited to be the judges by them
四、单元书面表达总结（写作指导+高分素材+范文+模板）
单元写作主题：Writing an article about a person devoted to traditional crafts（写一篇关于致力于传统手工艺的人的文章）
（一）写作框架梳理（3段式，必背）
Paragraph 1：Introduce the person（介绍人物，开篇点题）
核心内容：姓名、年龄（可选）、所从事的传统手工艺、身份（如：手工艺传承人）。
句式模板：
① XXX is an inheritor of a traditional craft — ________ (手工艺名称). He/She is ________ (年龄) years old now.
② XXX devotes his/her life to ________ (手工艺名称). He/She has been doing this for many years.
Paragraph 2：Describe his/her work（描述工作，详细展开）
核心内容：制作手工艺的工具、步骤、过程；从事这项工作的原因；手工艺的特点。
句式模板：
① To make ________ (手工艺成品), XXX only needs ________ (工具). He/She uses ________ (工具) to ________ (动作1), and then ________ (动作2).
② XXX loves this craft because he/she wants to ________ (原因，如：keep this traditional art alive / pass on the skill).
③ The ________ (手工艺成品) made by XXX are ________ (特点，如：lovely, lifelike, beautiful).
Paragraph 3：Give your opinion（表达观点，结尾升华）
核心内容：你对这个人及其手工艺的感受；你对这项传统手工艺的看法；你的愿望（可选）。
句式模板：
① I admire XXX because he/she is ________ (品质，如：hard-working, devoted, patient).
② I think the traditional craft is very ________ (评价，如：valuable, wonderful). It is an important part of our cultural heritage.
③ I hope that one day I can learn to make ________ (手工艺成品), and I also hope more people can know about this traditional craft.
（二）高分词汇/词组积累（替换基础词，提升作文档次）
1. 高分词汇（替换基础词）
基础词 高分替换词 含义 例句（写作可用）
good wonderful, valuable, fantastic 极好的，珍贵的 The dough figurines made by Mr Chen are fantastic.
like admire, appreciate, be fond of 钦佩，欣赏，喜欢 I admire Mr Chen because he devotes himself to dough figurines.
work hard devote oneself to, work tirelessly 致力于，不懈努力 She devotes herself to preserving the traditional paper-cutting.
beautiful lovely, lifelike, breathtaking 可爱的，栩栩如生的，令人惊叹的 The paper-cuts are lifelike and full of Chinese culture.
important significant, precious 重要的，珍贵的 Traditional crafts are significant parts of our cultural heritage.
2. 高分词组（写作高频，必背）
① be devoted to (doing) sth. 致力于（做）某事
② keep traditional art alive 保持传统艺术的活力
③ pass on the skill 传承技能
④ cultural heritage 文化遗产
⑤ take pride in 为……感到骄傲
⑥ put one's heart into 全身心投入到……
⑦ a symbol of Chinese culture 中国文化的象征
⑧ with patience and practice 凭借耐心和练习
（三）参考范文（贴合单元要求，80-100词，可直接背诵仿写）
Ms Li's Beautiful Paper-cuts
Ms Li is an inheritor of Chinese paper-cutting, a precious traditional craft. She is over 40 years old and has been making paper-cuts for more than 20 years. Her hands are skillful because she puts her heart into this craft all the time.
To make paper-cuts, Ms Li only needs a piece of red paper and a sharp knife. She first draws a beautiful design on the paper, and then cuts it out carefully with patience. She often teaches the elderly and students in her community to make paper-cuts, because she wants to pass on this traditional skill and let more people know about Chinese culture. The paper-cuts made by her are lifelike, with different shapes like flowers and animals.
I admire Ms Li very much for her devotion. I think paper-cutting is a wonderful symbol of Chinese culture. I hope I can learn to make paper-cuts from her one day, and I also hope this traditional art will be loved by more people around the world.
（四）写作模板（万能模板，适配所有“传统手工艺人”主题，直接套写）
________ (Person's Name)'s Fantastic ________ (Craft Name)
________ (Person's Name) is an inheritor of a traditional Chinese craft — ________ (Craft Name). He/She is ________ (Age) years old now. He/She devotes his/her life to this craft and has been doing it for many years. His/Her hands are ________ (Feature, e.g., rough, skillful) because he/she works with ________ (Tool) all the time.
To make ________ (Craft Product), ________ (Person's Name) only needs ________ (Tools). He/She first ________ (Step 1), and then ________ (Step 2). Sometimes, he/she uses ________ (Material) to make the product more beautiful. He/She does this work because he/she wants to ________ (Reason, e.g., keep this traditional art alive, pass on the skill to the younger generation). The ________ (Craft Product) made by him/her are ________ (Feature, e.g., lovely, lifelike, wonderful).
I admire ________ (Person's Name) because he/she is ________ (Quality, e.g., devoted, patient, hard-working). I think ________ (Craft Name) is a valuable part of our cultural heritage. I hope that one day I can learn to make ________ (Craft Product), and I also hope more people can appreciate this beautiful traditional craft.
五、单元知识导图（思维导图，梳理单元核心脉络）
核心主题：Arts and heritage（艺术与遗产）
（一）核心词汇
1. 艺术相关：master, masterpiece, painting, copy, exhibition
2. 动作/状态相关：damage, separate, graduate, preserve, devote
3. 其他：alone, priceless, sculpture, colleague
（二）核心词组
1. 动作类：in one sitting, pass along, make up one's mind, devote one's life to
2. 状态类：be at one with nature, be full of, all walks of life, at last
3. 其他：thanks to, be damaged by, keep traditional art alive
（三）语法
1. 一般过去时被动语态
结构：was/were + 过去分词
否定/疑问：wasn't/weren't；Was/Were + 主语
2. 一般将来时被动语态
结构：will be + 过去分词
否定/疑问：won't be；Will + 主语 + be
（四）书面表达
1. 主题：介绍致力于传统手工艺的人
2. 框架：3段式（介绍人物→描述工作→表达观点）
3. 关键：高分词汇/词组 + 被动语态
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沪教牛津八年级下册Unit 4 Arts and heritage 知识清单
（默写版）
目录
核心词汇（词形变换+搭配+例句）…………………………………………………………1
核心词组（搭配+例句） …………………………………………………………………… 7
核心语法：情态动词can/could/may/might + 一般将来时的被动…………………………9
单元书面表达总结（写作指导+高分素材+范文+模板） …………………………………12
一、核心词汇（词形变换+搭配+例句）
说明：词汇均来自课本单词表及课文重点词，词形变换、搭配贴合单元考点，例句适配八年级难度，贴合课文语境。
1. master
词性：n. 著名画家；绘画大师 / v. 精通，掌握
词形变换：masterful adj. 技艺精湛的；mastery n. 精通
常见搭配：a master of... 一位……大师；master a skill 掌握一项技能
例句：Wang Xizhi was one of the greatest of calligraphy.
（王羲之是最伟大的书法大师之一。）
2. masterpiece
词性：n. 代表作；杰作
词形变换：无（可数名词，复数：masterpieces）
常见搭配：a great masterpiece 一幅伟大的杰作；one of the masterpieces 杰作之一
例句：Many experts think Dwelling in the Fuchun Mountains is among the greatest in Chinese art history.（许多专家认为《富春山居图》是中国艺术史上最伟大的杰作之一。）
3. alone
词性：adv. 独自 / adj. 独自的，单独的
词形变换：lonely adj. 孤独的（情感上）
常见搭配：live alone 独自居住；sit alone 独自坐着；be alone 独自一人
例句：On the river, there is a man sitting on a boat.（河上，有一个人独自坐在船上。）
4. copy
词性：v. 仿造；临摹 / n. 复印件；复制品
词形变换：copied（过去式/过去分词）；copying（现在分词）；copies（复数/第三人称单数）
常见搭配：copy a painting 临摹一幅画；a copy of 一份……的复制品
例句：When I first started painting, I practised famous paintings.
（当我刚开始画画时，我练习临摹著名的画作。）
5. damage
词性：v. 损坏；毁坏 / n. 损坏，破坏
词形变换：damaged（过去式/过去分词）；damaging（现在分词）
常见搭配：be damaged by 被……损坏；cause damage to 对……造成破坏
例句：The famous painting was by fire, and it was split into two pieces.
（这幅著名的画作被火损坏，分成了两部分。）
6. separate
词性：adj. 不同的；不相关的 / v. 分开；分离
词形变换：separated（过去式/过去分词）；separating（现在分词）；separation n. 分离
常见搭配：separate...from... 把……和……分开；go separate ways 分道扬镳
例句：The two parts went their ways after the fire.（火灾后，这两部分分道扬镳。）
7. exhibition
词性：n. 展览；展出
词形变换：exhibit v. 展出；显示
常见搭配：hold an exhibition 举办展览；an exhibition of... 一场……的展览；be on exhibition 展出
例句：The two pieces of the painting were shown together in an in 2011.
（2011年，这幅画的两部分在一场展览中一同展出。）
8. graduate
词性：v. 毕业 / n. 毕业生
词形变换：graduated（过去式/过去分词）；graduating（现在分词）；graduation n. 毕业
常见搭配：graduate from... 从……毕业；graduate in... 毕业于……专业
例句：Fan Jinshi began working as an archaeologist in Dunhuang after she from Peking University.（樊锦诗从北京大学毕业后，开始在敦煌担任考古学家。）
9. preserve
词性：v. 维持……的原状；保存
词形变换：preserved（过去式/过去分词）；preserving（现在分词）；preservation n. 保存
常见搭配：preserve cultural heritage 保护文化遗产；preserve...from... 保护……免受……
例句：She and her colleagues continued to search for ways of the cultural treasures.（她和她的同事们继续寻找保存这些文化宝藏的方法。）
10. devote
词性：v. 把……奉献给
词形变换：devoted（过去式/过去分词/adj. 忠诚的，投入的）；devoting（现在分词）；devotion n. 奉献
常见搭配：devote one's life to doing sth. 把一生奉献给做某事；be devoted to 致力于……
例句：Fan Jinshi has her life to researching and preserving Dunhuang's cultural heritage.（樊锦诗将她的一生奉献给了敦煌文化遗产的研究和保护。）
11. painting
词性：n. 绘画；画作 / v. 绘画（paint的现在分词）
词形变换：paint v. 绘画；painter n. 画家；painted（过去式/过去分词）
常见搭配：a oil painting 一幅油画；a Chinese painting 一幅中国画；paint a painting 画一幅画
例句：There are many beautiful in the art exhibition held in our school.
（我们学校举办的艺术展上有许多漂亮的画作。）
12. sculpture
词性：n. 雕塑；雕刻品 / v. 雕刻（sculpt的派生词）
词形变换：sculpt v. 雕刻；sculptor n. 雕塑家；sculptural adj. 雕塑的
常见搭配：stone sculpture 石雕；wooden sculpture 木雕；a sculpture of... 一座……的雕塑
例句：The Mogao Caves are famous for their wall paintings and .
（莫高窟以其壁画和雕塑而闻名。）
13. culture
词性：n. 文化；文明
词形变换：cultural adj. 文化的；cultured adj. 有教养的
常见搭配：Chinese culture 中国文化；traditional culture 传统文化；cultural heritage 文化遗产
例句：We should learn to protect and pass on our traditional .
（我们应该学会保护和传承我们的传统文化。）
14. heritage
词性：n. 遗产；传统
常见搭配：cultural heritage 文化遗产；natural heritage 自然遗产；world heritage 世界遗产
例句：Dunhuang's cultural is an important part of Chinese civilization.
（敦煌文化遗产是中华文明的重要组成部分。）
15. priceless
词性：adj. 无价的；极珍贵的
词形变换：price n. 价格；pricelessly adv. 无价地；反义词：cheap adj. 便宜的；expensive adj. 昂贵的
常见搭配：priceless treasures 无价之宝；priceless works of art 无价的艺术品
例句：The wall paintings in the Mogao Caves are and should be well protected.
（莫高窟的壁画是无价之宝，应该得到很好的保护。）
16. ancient
词性：adj. 古代的；古老的
词形变换：ancientness n. 古老；反义词：modern adj. 现代的
常见搭配：ancient culture 古代文化；ancient buildings 古建筑；ancient times 古代
例句：Many paintings have been well preserved in the museum for hundreds of years.（许多古代画作在博物馆里被完好保存了数百年。）
17. traditional
词性：adj. 传统的；惯例的
词形变换：tradition n. 传统；traditionally adv. 传统上
常见搭配：traditional crafts 传统手工艺；traditional festivals 传统节日；traditional skills 传统技能
例句：My grandma is good at making paper-cuts for the Spring Festival.
（我奶奶擅长在春节时做传统剪纸。）
18. skill
词性：n. 技能；技巧
词形变换：skilled adj. 熟练的；skillful adj. 灵巧的；skillfully adv. 灵巧地
常见搭配：traditional skills 传统技能；master a skill 掌握一项技能；practical skills 实用技能
例句：It takes years of practice to master the of painting Chinese landscapes.
（掌握中国山水画的绘画技巧需要多年的练习。）
19. tool
词性：n. 工具；用具
词形变换：tools（复数）；toolbox n. 工具箱
常见搭配：painting tools 绘画工具；carving tools 雕刻工具；use a tool 使用工具
例句：The artist uses simple to create beautiful works of art.
（这位艺术家使用简单的工具创作漂亮的艺术品。）
20. material
词性：n. 材料；原料 / adj. 物质的
词形变换：materials（复数）；materially adv. 物质上
常见搭配：art materials 艺术材料；raw materials 原材料；use different materials 使用不同的材料
例句：We can use red paper and scissors as to make paper-cuts.
（我们可以用红纸和剪刀作为材料做剪纸。）
21. design
词性：v. 设计；构思 / n. 设计；图案
词形变换：designed（过去式/过去分词）；designing（现在分词）；designer n. 设计师
常见搭配：design a pattern 设计图案；a beautiful design 漂亮的设计；design sth. for sb. 为某人设计某物
例句：Before painting, the artist spends a lot of time the composition of the picture.
（画画之前，这位艺术家会花很多时间设计画面的构图。）
22. draw
词性：v. 画；绘画；吸引
词形变换：drew（过去式）；drawn（过去分词）；drawing n. 绘画；素描
常见搭配：draw a picture 画画；draw a sketch 画草图；draw attention 吸引注意力
例句：She likes to beautiful flowers and birds in her free time.
（她喜欢在空闲时间画漂亮的花鸟。）
23. create
词性：v. 创造；创作
词形变换：created（过去式/过去分词）；creating（现在分词）；creation n. 创造；作品
常见搭配：create works of art 创作艺术品；create new designs 创造新设计；create a new style 创造新风格
例句：The famous painter spent three years his great masterpiece.
（这位著名画家花了三年时间创作他的伟大杰作。）
24. repair
词性：v. 修理；修复 / n. 修理；修补
词形变换：repaired（过去式/过去分词）；repairing（现在分词）；repairman n. 修理工
常见搭配：repair damaged paintings 修复受损的画作；repair old sculptures 修复古老的雕塑；in repair 处于良好状态
例句：Experts are trying to the damaged mural in the ancient cave.
（专家们正努力修复古代洞窟中受损的壁画。）
25. display
词性：v. 展示；陈列 / n. 展示；陈列
词形变换：displayed（过去式/过去分词）；displaying（现在分词）；displayable adj. 可展示的
常见搭配：display works of art 展示艺术品；on display 展出；a display of paintings 画作展览
例句：More than 100 traditional crafts are on in the city museum this month.
（这个月市博物馆展出了100多件传统手工艺作品。）
二、核心词组（搭配+例句）
说明：词组均来自课文及单元练习，优先收录高频考点词组，例句贴合课本语境，便于理解和记忆。
1. in one sitting
含义：一口气的工夫，一次完成
例句：He first made a rough drawing of the whole painting .
（他首先一口气画出了整幅画的草图。）
2. in the mood
含义：有心情（做某事）
搭配：be in the mood to do sth. 有心情做某事；be not in the mood to do sth. 没心情做某事
例句：Li Na was not to go anywhere, so she stayed at home.
（李娜没心情去任何地方，所以她待在了家里。）
3. pass along
含义：向前行；沿……而过
例句：Along the way, we follow narrow paths, cross wooden bridges and a wide river.（一路上，我们沿着狭窄的小路前行，穿过木桥，沿着宽阔的河流走过。）
4. be at one with nature
含义：与自然融为一体
例句：It looks like he , and we feel the same when we look at the painting.
（他看起来与自然融为一体，我们看这幅画时也有同样的感觉。）
5. next to
含义：紧邻；在……近旁
例句：One of the owners liked it so much that he even put it himself while sleeping and eating.（有一位主人非常喜欢它，甚至在睡觉和吃饭时都把它放在身边。）
6. at last
含义：最后；终于
例句：After more than 300 years of separation, the two parts of the legendary painting were at last shown together.（经过300多年的分离，这幅传奇画作的两部分终于一同展出。）
7. all walks of life
含义：各行各业；各界人士
例句：It is famous for showing the lifestyles of people from .
（它以展现各行各业人们的生活方式而闻名。）
8. all the time
含义：一直；始终
例句：His hands are rough because he works with dough .
（他的手很粗糙，因为他一直和面团打交道。）
9. make up one's mind
含义：下定决心
搭配：make up one's mind to do sth. 下定决心做某事
例句：Fan Jinshi : she had to save these cultural treasures.
（樊锦诗下定决心：她必须拯救这些文化宝藏。）
10. be full of
含义：充满……
同义短语：be filled with
例句：The caves priceless wall paintings and sculptures.
（这些洞窟里满是珍贵的壁画和雕塑。）
11. thanks to
含义：多亏；由于
例句： the hard work of Fan Jinshi and her colleagues, we can still see these cultural treasures today.（多亏了樊锦诗和她同事们的努力，我们今天还能看到这些文化宝藏。）
12. be damaged by
含义：被……损坏
例句：Unfortunately, the site by sand, weather and human activity.
（不幸的是，这个地方因为风沙、天气和人类活动而受到破坏。）
三、核心语法：一般过去时的被动语态 & 一般将来时的被动语态（详细讲解+例句+练习题）
（一）一般过去时的被动语态
1. 定义
表示过去某个时间发生的动作，主语是动作的承受者（即动作不是由主语发出，而是由其他人/物发出），强调“过去被做某事”。
2. 结构（核心）
主语 + was / were + 动词的过去分词（done） + （by + 动作的执行者）
易错点补充：
① 主语是单数（可数名词单数、不可数名词、人称代词单数he/she/it），用 ；
② 主语是复数（可数名词复数、人称代词复数we/you/they），用 ；
③ by + 动作执行者（可选），当不需要强调“谁做的”时，可省略by短语。
3. 否定句
主语 + + 动词的过去分词 + （by + 动作执行者）
缩写：was not = wasn't；were not = weren't
4. 一般疑问句
Was / Were + 主语 + 动词的过去分词 + （by + 动作执行者）？
回答：Yes, 主语 + was / were. / No, 主语 + wasn't / weren't.
5. 例句
① 肯定句：The painting by Huang Gongwang.（这幅画是黄公望画的。）
② 肯定句：The two parts of the painting together in 2011.
（这幅画的两部分于2011年一同展出。）
③ 否定句：The painting by accident.（这幅画不是意外损坏的。）
④ 一般疑问句： the library cave in the early 20th century
（藏经洞是在20世纪初被发现的吗？）
⑤ 回答：Yes, it .（是的，它是。） / No, it .（不，它不是。）
（二）一般将来时的被动语态
1. 定义
表示将来某个时间会发生的动作，主语是动作的承受者，强调“将来会被做某事”。
2. 结构（核心）
主语 + + 动词的过去分词（done） + （by + 动作的执行者）
易错点补充：
① will be 不受主语单复数影响，所有主语后均用will be；
② by + 动作执行者（可选），省略情况同一般过去时的被动语态；
③ 同义结构：be going to be + 过去分词（较少用，单元重点掌握will be结构）。
3. 否定句
主语 + will not + be + 动词的过去分词 + （by + 动作执行者）
缩写：will not = won't
4. 一般疑问句
Will + 主语 + be + 动词的过去分词 + （by + 动作执行者）？
回答：Yes, 主语 + will. / No, 主语 + won't.
5. 例句
① 肯定句：The winners this afternoon.（获奖者将于今天下午被公布。）
② 肯定句：Some of her paintings online.（她的一些画作将在网上出售。）
③ 否定句：The art show next week.（这场艺术展下周不会举办。）
④ 一般疑问句： the artist to give a talk （这位艺术家会被邀请来做演讲吗？）
⑤ 回答：Yes, he will.（是的，他会。） / No, he won't.（不，他不会。）
（三）易混点辨析
时态 结构 关键词（时间标志） 例句
一般过去时被动 was/were + done yesterday, last year, in 2011, ago, just now, 过去的具体时间 The painting into two pieces around 1650.（这幅画大约在1650年被分成两部分。）
一般将来时被动 will be + done tomorrow, next week, this afternoon, soon, in the future All the paintings on display for two weeks.（所有画作将展出两周。）
（四）语法练习题
基础题：
用所给动词的适当形式填空（被动语态）
1. The first cave in Dunhuang ________ (dig) in the 4th century CE.
2. The Mogao Caves ________ (add) to the UNESCO World Heritage List in 1987.
3. The post about Granny Chen's art show ________ (share) by thousands of people last week.
4. The students' parents ________ (invite) to the art show opening next month.
5. The Digital Dunhuang project ________ (start) many years ago to preserve the murals.
6. The art exhibition ________ (hold) at our school next summer.
提升题：
句型转换（改为被动语态）
1. Huang Gongwang painted Dwelling in the Fuchun Mountains.（改为一般过去时被动）
________________________________________________________________
2. We will put all the artworks on display in the library.（改为一般将来时被动）
________________________________________________________________
3. Some foreign explorers took the manuscripts out of China.（改为一般过去时被动，否定句）
________________________________________________________________
4. They will invite some local artists to be the judges.（改为一般将来时被动，一般疑问句）
________________________________________________________________
四、单元书面表达总结（写作指导+高分素材+范文+模板）
单元写作主题：Writing an article about a person devoted to traditional crafts（写一篇关于致力于传统手工艺的人的文章）
（一）写作框架梳理（3段式，必背）
Paragraph 1：Introduce the person（介绍人物，开篇点题）
核心内容：姓名、年龄（可选）、所从事的传统手工艺、身份（如：手工艺传承人）。
句式模板：
① XXX is an inheritor of a traditional craft — ________ (手工艺名称). He/She is ________ (年龄) years old now.
② XXX devotes his/her life to ________ (手工艺名称). He/She has been doing this for many years.
Paragraph 2：Describe his/her work（描述工作，详细展开）
核心内容：制作手工艺的工具、步骤、过程；从事这项工作的原因；手工艺的特点。
句式模板：
① To make ________ (手工艺成品), XXX only needs ________ (工具). He/She uses ________ (工具) to ________ (动作1), and then ________ (动作2).
② XXX loves this craft because he/she wants to ________ (原因，如：keep this traditional art alive / pass on the skill).
③ The ________ (手工艺成品) made by XXX are ________ (特点，如：lovely, lifelike, beautiful).
Paragraph 3：Give your opinion（表达观点，结尾升华）
核心内容：你对这个人及其手工艺的感受；你对这项传统手工艺的看法；你的愿望（可选）。
句式模板：
① I admire XXX because he/she is ________ (品质，如：hard-working, devoted, patient).
② I think the traditional craft is very ________ (评价，如：valuable, wonderful). It is an important part of our cultural heritage.
③ I hope that one day I can learn to make ________ (手工艺成品), and I also hope more people can know about this traditional craft.
（二）高分词汇/词组积累（替换基础词，提升作文档次）
1. 高分词汇（替换基础词）
基础词 高分替换词 含义 例句（写作可用）
good wonderful, valuable, fantastic 极好的，珍贵的 The dough figurines made by Mr Chen are fantastic.
like admire, appreciate, be fond of 钦佩，欣赏，喜欢 I admire Mr Chen because he devotes himself to dough figurines.
work hard devote oneself to, work tirelessly 致力于，不懈努力 She devotes herself to preserving the traditional paper-cutting.
beautiful lovely, lifelike, breathtaking 可爱的，栩栩如生的，令人惊叹的 The paper-cuts are lifelike and full of Chinese culture.
important significant, precious 重要的，珍贵的 Traditional crafts are significant parts of our cultural heritage.
2. 高分词组（写作高频，必背）
① be devoted to (doing) sth. 致力于（做）某事
② keep traditional art alive 保持传统艺术的活力
③ pass on the skill 传承技能
④ cultural heritage 文化遗产
⑤ take pride in 为……感到骄傲
⑥ put one's heart into 全身心投入到……
⑦ a symbol of Chinese culture 中国文化的象征
⑧ with patience and practice 凭借耐心和练习
（三）参考范文（贴合单元要求，80-100词，可直接背诵仿写）
Ms Li's Beautiful Paper-cuts
Ms Li is an inheritor of Chinese paper-cutting, a precious traditional craft. She is over 40 years old and has been making paper-cuts for more than 20 years. Her hands are skillful because she puts her heart into this craft all the time.
To make paper-cuts, Ms Li only needs a piece of red paper and a sharp knife. She first draws a beautiful design on the paper, and then cuts it out carefully with patience. She often teaches the elderly and students in her community to make paper-cuts, because she wants to pass on this traditional skill and let more people know about Chinese culture. The paper-cuts made by her are lifelike, with different shapes like flowers and animals.
I admire Ms Li very much for her devotion. I think paper-cutting is a wonderful symbol of Chinese culture. I hope I can learn to make paper-cuts from her one day, and I also hope this traditional art will be loved by more people around the world.
（四）写作模板（万能模板，适配所有“传统手工艺人”主题，直接套写）
________ (Person's Name)'s Fantastic ________ (Craft Name)
________ (Person's Name) is an inheritor of a traditional Chinese craft — ________ (Craft Name). He/She is ________ (Age) years old now. He/She devotes his/her life to this craft and has been doing it for many years. His/Her hands are ________ (Feature, e.g., rough, skillful) because he/she works with ________ (Tool) all the time.
To make ________ (Craft Product), ________ (Person's Name) only needs ________ (Tools). He/She first ________ (Step 1), and then ________ (Step 2). Sometimes, he/she uses ________ (Material) to make the product more beautiful. He/She does this work because he/she wants to ________ (Reason, e.g., keep this traditional art alive, pass on the skill to the younger generation). The ________ (Craft Product) made by him/her are ________ (Feature, e.g., lovely, lifelike, wonderful).
I admire ________ (Person's Name) because he/she is ________ (Quality, e.g., devoted, patient, hard-working). I think ________ (Craft Name) is a valuable part of our cultural heritage. I hope that one day I can learn to make ________ (Craft Product), and I also hope more people can appreciate this beautiful traditional craft.
五、单元知识导图（思维导图，梳理单元核心脉络）
核心主题：Arts and heritage（艺术与遗产）
（一）核心词汇
1. 艺术相关：master, masterpiece, painting, copy, exhibition
2. 动作/状态相关：damage, separate, graduate, preserve, devote
3. 其他：alone, priceless, sculpture, colleague
（二）核心词组
1. 动作类：in one sitting, pass along, make up one's mind, devote one's life to
2. 状态类：be at one with nature, be full of, all walks of life, at last
3. 其他：thanks to, be damaged by, keep traditional art alive
（三）语法
1. 一般过去时被动语态
结构：was/were + 过去分词
否定/疑问：wasn't/weren't；Was/Were + 主语
2. 一般将来时被动语态
结构：will be + 过去分词
否定/疑问：won't be；Will + 主语 + be
（四）书面表达
1. 主题：介绍致力于传统手工艺的人
2. 框架：3段式（介绍人物→描述工作→表达观点）
3. 关键：高分词汇/词组 + 被动语态

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