资源简介

Unit 4 Exploring literature
Extending reading & Other parts
1. stage n.舞台，阶段，时期
Shakespeare compared the world to a stage.
莎士比亚把世界比作舞台。
At this stage, it’s impossible to know whether our plan will succeed.
在现阶段还不可能知道我们的计划能否成功。
The baby has reached the stage where he can stand up.
婴儿到了能站立的阶段。
归纳拓展
地点抽象名词后定语从句引导词的用法
当先行词为stage， situation， case， point等表示抽象地点的名词， 且定语从句中缺少地点状语时， 定语从句常用where或in which引导。
1.单句语法填空
(1) Their relationship has reached the point_______which they have to divorce.
(2) It’s helpful to put children in a situation ______they can see themselves differently.
答案：in；where
2.add v.增加，添加；相加；继续说
Add a few more names to the list.
再往名单上加几个名字吧。
He added that they were very pleased with the result.
他加了一句说他们对这个成绩是很满意的。
归纳拓展
add up 合计
add up to 加起来是……； 相当于……
add to 增加， 促进(在原有基础上增加)
add...to... 把……加到……上
add that...补充说
Remember：little steps add up to big dreams.
记住：小的积累成就大的梦想。
Every failure one meets will add to one’s experience.
(谚语)吃一堑，长一智。
Before eating, please add some salt to the dish.
吃之前请向菜里加盐。
1.单句语法填空
(1) Rude words， name-calling， and accusation only add fuel ______the emotional fire.
(2) The teacher asked me if I was ready, ________(add) that everybody was waiting at the school gate.
2.用add相关短语的正确形式填空
(1) The music_____ ______ our enjoyment in the party.
(2) The number of the students in our class ______ _____ _____54.
(3)Please______ some sugar ______the soup.
(4)Before you finish the total, please _____ ____these new figures.
答:1.(1)to(2) adding 2.(1) added to (2) adds up to
(3) add; to (4) add up
3.destroy vt.破坏，毁坏；摧残；消灭
The fire destroyed most of the building.
火把这座建筑物几乎烧毁了。
All hopes of a peaceful settlement were destroyed by his speech.
和平解决的一切希望都被他的讲话打破了。
归纳拓展
destroyer n.破坏者， 消灭者
destruction n.破坏， 消灭， 毁灭
destructive adj.破坏性的， 毁灭性的； 消极的
辨析比较damage， destroy与ruin
易混词 区别
damage 表示“损害；损坏”，通常指部分性的损坏，往往生暗示损坏后价值、效率、功能等会降低，有时用于比喻用法中
destroy 表示“毁坏”，通常指彻底地毁掉或毁灭，往往暗示无法或很难修复，有时用于比喻用法中
ruin 表示“毁坏；毁灭”，指彻底地毁坏，破坏的原因通常是自然现象、年龄、疏忽等，现多用于比喻用法中
1.单句语法填空
(1) There is worldwide concern about the_______(destroy) of the rain forests.
(2) Years of fighting have left the area _______ruins.
(3) He was unable to contain his own_______(destroy) feelings.
答案: destruction; in; destructive
4.defeat
(1)vt.打败；战胜；使受挫
John Snow defeats “King Cholera”.
约翰·斯诺战胜“霍乱王”。
(2)n.失败
Know the enemy and know yourself and you can fight a hundred battles with no danger of defeat.知己知彼， 百战不殆。
辨析比较， win， beat与defeat
易混词 意义 所跟宾语
win 赢得；获胜 比赛、奖品、奖金、名誉、财产、战争等
beat 击败；战胜 竞争中的队伍或对手，或战争中的敌人等
defeat 击败；战胜 通常接表示“人”或“团体”的名词或代词作宾语；既可以指在比赛中，也可以指在战场上战胜对手
选词填空（defeat；beat；win）
(1)We_______ them at the football match yesterday.
(2) They are always _______but never beaten.
(3)We ______the football game yesterday.
答案：beat；defeating；won
9.attempt
(1)vt.尝试；企图
Every time I attempted to persuade her, but I failed completely.
每一次我都试图说服她，但全然不起作用。
(2)n.企图；尝试
I passed my driving test at my first attempt.
我考汽车驾驶执照时一次就通过了。
归纳拓展
(1) attempt to do sth. 企图做某事
(2) make an attempt at (doing) sth.=make an attempt to do sth. 企图/试图做某事
in an attempt to do sth. 企图做某事； 试图做某事
at the first/second attempt 第一/二次尝试
make an attempt on sb.’s life 企图杀某人
(3) attempted adj.(犯罪或非法行为) 未遂的
an attempted murder/escape谋杀/逃跑未遂
(4) attempt to do sth. 试图去做某事
manage to do sth. 成功地做了某事
try to do sth. 尽力去做某事
try doing sth. 试着做某事
语境串记
The old man attempted to climb up to the top of the mount at his first attempt.
这位老人在第一次尝试的时候就试图爬到山顶。
1. 单句语法填空
(1) I passed my driving test ______the first attempt.
(2)Someone has made an attempt______the president’s life.
(3) A man is being questioned in relation to the________(attempt) murder last night.
(4)Attempting _______(open) very old books and records without damaging them can be difficult.
答案：at；on；attempted；to open
6.confuse vt.使糊涂，使迷惑；混淆，搞错；使混乱，搞乱
Waking up in strange surroundings confused her.
她醒来时看到陌生环境，这把她搞糊涂了。
I’m always confusing John and/with Paul.
我总是分不清约翰和保罗。
归纳拓展
confuse...with/and... 混淆……和……
confused adj.迷惑的， 糊涂的； 混乱的， 分不清的
confusing adj.令人迷惑的； 使人混乱的
confusion n.困惑， 分辨不清； 混淆； 混乱(状态)
1. 单句语法填空
(1)I can’t see how anyone could confuse you ______another.
(2) Things were happening too quickly and Tom was ______(confuse).
答:(1) with/and (2) confused
7.clear up (头脑)清醒；使整洁，清理；好转，结束；解释，说明
They tried to clear up the mystery.
他们尽力去解开谜团。
Don’t expect me to clear up your things all the time!
不要老是指望我替你收拾东西。
I hope the weather clears up before Sunday.
我希望星期日前天气会转晴。
归纳拓展
clean up 彻底扫除； 清理 put up 张贴， 举起
come up 走近， 上来， 提出 pick up 捡起， 学会， 接受， 用车接
cut up 切碎， 心碎， 使伤心 take up 接受， 拿起， 开始， 占据
give up 放弃， 让出 cheer up感到高兴/振奋
break up打碎， 分裂； 解体 turn up开大(音量) ， 出现
1.单句语法填空
(1) It all depends on the weather_______(clear) up.
(2) I’ve got a lot of work to clear_____by the weekend.
答:clearing; up
二.句式剖析
1.His mouth was too dry to speak but he could not reach for the water now.
他的嘴巴已经干得说不出话了， 这会儿又不能伸手去拿水喝。
本句是but连接的并列句。
too...to...的用法
too dry to speak意为“太干而说不出话”。其中的too...to...结构， 表示“太……而不能……”。有时在“too...to...”结构中加上for sb./sth.构成“too+adj./adv.+for sb./sth.to do”结构。
The girl is too young to dress herself.
这个小女孩太小，还不能自己穿衣服。
That is the new machine whose parts are too small to be seen.
那就是那台零部件小得几乎看不见的新机器。
归纳拓展
(1) too...to...与not或never连用时， 意为“无论……也不过分， 越……越好”
cannot be too...再……也不过分
(2) only/ just/but too...to...非常……去做……(too前的only， just， but不仅没有否定意义， 反而加重了too的肯定语气)
(3) too ready/easy/eager/willing/anxious/happy/...to...表示肯定， 作“过于、太会……”讲。
(4) too...not to...表示肯定， 含义是“非常……必定能； 太……不会不·”
2.Never have l seen a greater, or more beautiful, or a calmer or more noble thing than you, brother.
本句是never提前于句首的部分倒装的简单句。
最高级意义的表达法
否定词(never) 和比较级(greater， more beautiful， calmer, more noble) 连用表达最高级意义。
Nothing could be better.再没有比这些更好的了。
归纳拓展
出最高级意义的其他表达法：
all the other+名词复数
the other+名词复数
(1) 比较级+than+ any other+名词单数
any of the other+名词复数
anything/anyone else
(2)否定词+so/as+形容词(副词)原级+as
(3) 否定词+形容词(副词) 比较级(+than)
(4) the+形容词(副词) 最高级
3.He had been on the point of feeling himself go each time.
每次他都觉得自己快要昏过去了。
本句是简单句， each time是名词短语在句中作状语， go是动词原形作himself的宾语补足语， feel是系动词。
be on the point of doing sth.句型
had been on the point of feeling himself go是此句式结构：be on the point of doing sth.意为“即将做某事之时， 正要做某事的时候”， 后面可以接when引导的分句，when是并列连词。
As we were on the point of giving up hope, he turned up.
就在我们快要放弃希望的时候，他出现了。
归纳拓展
be on the point of doing...when...正要做……这时……
be about to do...when... 正要做……这时……
I was about to inform you of the sudden change when an unexpected visitor came.
我正要通知你突然的变化，这时来了一位不速之客。
1.单句语法填空
(1)He was on the point of_______(say) something when the phone rang.
(2) He was about to do his homework______the doorbell rang.
答:1.(1) saying (2) when
三 .课堂练习
单句语法填空
1.What if we meet with a situation _______both sides are unwilling to give in
2.This latest incident will add ____the pressure on the government.
3.My mobile phone is_________(extreme) useful.
4.He attempted_________(leave) , but was stopped.
5.Luckily, I passed my driving test_______ the first attempt.
6.The little girl was very______(confuse) by all the noise and activity.
7.I can’t think of a_____(good) idea than yours.
8.They are too young______(understand) what is going on.
9.After the killing, he calmly lit a fire_________(destroy) evidence.
10.It was clear that he was on the point of ________(burst).
答案：1.where 2.to 3.extremely 4.to leave 5.at 6.confused 7.better 8.to understand 9.to destroy 10.bursting
四.课后练习：语法填空
The Hong Kong-Zhuhai Macao Bridge， as the 1. ______(long) cross-sea bridge in the world， is expected 2.______(have) 5G service in the future， according to Fang Zheng， vice general manager of the WLAN office of ZTE Crop.， the bridge’s network 3.______(operate) .
The 55-km Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge,4._____opened on Oct.23， 2018， connect the mainland province of Guangdong with the country's two special administrative regions， Hong Kong and Macao.
“The Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge now has good coverage of 4G service,” said Fang.“Experts and workers have overcome the difficulties of a complex construction environment and the lack 5._____an optical fiber(光纤) to provide tailored 4G solutions for the bridge and prepare for the future upgrading of 5G service.It can be seen as 6. ______unique application of wireless technology， highlighting the high-quality products and 7._____(advance) technology provided by China's communication section.”
8.______(actual) , the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge is now ready for the access of Internet of Things, a major business to be achieved by 5G technology.Since the very beginning， the technological base needed for 5G 9._______(consider) in terms of network architecture， room for 5G station as well 10.______the installment(安装) of fiber.
答案：1.longest 2.to have 3.operator 4.which 5.of 6.a 7.advanced 8.Actually 9.has been considered 10.asIntegrated skills
【学习目标】
1. Talk about different types of books;
2. Use some expressions to make recommendations;
3. Write a letter to the school library to recommend books;
4. Work with partners to check and improve the writing.
预习案
【学习过程】
Step 1: 自主学习
任务：自学课本Unit 4的词汇与短语。
要求：根据录音及单词音标，首先会读单词接着边读边写记单词，注意中英文的转换，最后默写单词。
Step 2: 单词自学检测
探究案
【合作探究】
Step 1 Revision
What types of literature were introduced in the last class
What are the features of each type
Which type(s) is/are more popular
Which type(s) is/are less popular
Step 2 Lead-in
Some useful expressions about making recommendations first.
I’d recommend/suggest ...
If you ask me, I’d pick/choose/go for ...
I believe ... would be a better choice.
I think ... would be better/more effective than ...
My favourite books are ..., to name a few.
Step 3 Talking in pairs
Use the ideas to help you
Types of books you want the library to buy
Reasons for recommending each type
Examples of each type of book
Step 4 Writing a letter to the library to recommend books
1. Brainstorming
Types of books Reasons for recommending Examples of each type
2. Planning
Learning about the structure
Begin by clearly stating the purpose of the letter.
Explain what types of books you want to recommend and the reasons.
End the letter by stating the result you wish to see.
Expressions of stating the purpose
I am writing to recommend ... to you.
I take great pleasure in recommending ... to you.
Knowing that ..., I strongly recommend ... to you.
It is with a great pleasure that I recommend ... to you.
Expressions of explaining types of books you recommend and the reasons
The type of books I would like to recommend is ...
It is because ...
The reasons are as follows.
The reason why I recommend ... is that ...
There are several reasons why I think ... is a good choice.
Expressions of stating the result
I hope my recommendation will be of great help to you.
I would be grateful if you could consider my recommendation.
I would appreciate it if you could take my recommendation into consideration/account.
Learning about the format
When you write a formal letter, you should begin with Dear Sir/Madam or Dear Mr/Miss/Mrs/Ms ... and end with Yours faithfully or Yours sincerely.
Learning about the language
Use formal language instead of spoken language.
Avoid using contracted forms like I’m and he’s.
Checking & Revising
Exchange drafts with their partners (peer review) from the following aspects.
Punctuation
Spelling
Grammar
Choice of words
Style (formal/informal)
Structure
Self-review
Is my writing complete in structure
Does my writing use formal language
Does my writing have the proper format
Have I used the expressions we learned today
Is my handwriting clear and beautiful
Peer review
Is the punctuation used properly
Are there any mistakes in spelling
Does the writing use the proper tense
Are there any beautiful words or diverse sentences
Is the writing in the right style
Does the writing follow the right structure
【Homework】
Polish up the letter.Welcome to the unit & Reading
学习目标
1. 学会本节单词、短语。
2. 掌握本节句型表达与运用。
知识运用
1. devote
词性：_________ 意思：________
devote one’s life/oneself to（doing）sth. 献身于/致力于（做）某事
devote one’s time/energy/attention/to (doing) sth. 把某人的时间/精力/注意力/……用到（做）某事上
devoted adj. 挚爱的，忠诚的，全心全意的
a devoted friend忠诚的朋友
be devoted to... 深爱/忠于……，全心全意……
devotion n.奉献，忠诚；关爱
练习：The girl devoted all her spare time she had to __________ (help) others.
2. appeal
词性：_________ 意思：________
appeal to sb.吸引某人
appeal to sb. for sth.为某事向某人呼吁
appeal to sb. to do sth.呼吁/恳求某人做某事
appeal (to sb./sth.) against sth.就……(向……)提起上诉
make/launch an appeal to sb. for sth.向某人呼吁某事
make/launch an appeal to sb. to do sth.呼吁某人做某事
appealing adj.有吸引力的，有感染力的，令人感兴趣的
练习：When there are new users, they will give a quite ___________ (appeal) price to attract them to register and buy goods.
3. determine
词性：_________ 意思：________
determine on… 决心/决定……
determine to do sth. （表示动作）决心做某事，决定做某事
determined adj.下定决心的，坚定的
be determined to do sth.决心做某事
a determined effort to overcome difficulties坚决克服困难的努力
determination n.决心，坚定
练习：Johnson had made up his mind to give it up, but on second thought he determined ____________ (try) a third time.
4. reflect
词性：_________ 意思：________
reflect the views of… 表明……的意见
reflect sb./sth. in sth. 在某物里映出某人/某物
reflect on/upon… 认真思考……
reflection n. 反射；沉思；映像；反映
be a reflection of… 是……的反映
on/upon reflection 经过沉思后
练习：I think you should stop for a moment and reflect ________ your success and failure.
阅读探究
The wonder of literature
1. What does “them” in line 3 refer to
2. What do we need to do in order to enter and enjoy the new world mentioned in the second paragraph
3. Why does the author give the example of a poet
4. What is universal about good literature according to the author
句型梳理
1. In a word, we have now reached a point where we wish to enjoy and understand literature.
总之，我们现在已经到了希望欣赏和理解文学的阶段。
语法：表示抽象地点的名词后接的定语从句
当先行词为表示抽象地点的名词，如point，situation，case，stage，condition，scene，activity，position，site，spot等，且关系词在从句中作状语时，应用关系副词where或“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句。
He got into a situation where/in which it was hard to tell what was right and wrong.
他陷入一种难以判断是非的局面。
After graduation she reached a point where/at which she had to decide what to do.
毕业后她到了不得不决定做什么的境地。
Today, we’ll discuss a number of cases where/in which beginners in English fail to use the language properly.今天我们将讨论一些英语初学者对英语使用不当的情况。
They need an activity where/in which they can learn to cooperate with each other.
他们需要一项他们能够学习彼此合作的活动。
注意：
表示抽象地点的名词后接定语从句时，如果关系词在从句中不作状语，而是作宾语或主语等，则关系词不能用where，而要用that/which。
What if we meet with a situation that/which none of us are able to deal with
如果我们遇到我们谁都处理不了的情况怎么办呢？（that/which作宾语）
2. The first step is to determine some of its significant qualities.
第一步就是确定它的一些重要特性。
语法：动词不定式（短语）作表语
当主语是aim，duty，hope，idea，job，plan，purpose，wish等名词，或是what引导的名词性从句时，不定式作表语起解释说明的作用。主语和表语可以交换位置，其意思不变。
Her best wish is to put her new ideas into practice.
她最大的愿望是将自己的新想法付诸实践。
This year, his plan is to make some reforms in the teaching method.
今年, 他的计划是要对教学方法进行一些改良。
What I would suggest is to start work at once.
我建议马上开始工作。
拓展：
动词不定式作表语省略to的情况：
动词不定式作表语时，一般情况下不定式符号to不能省略，但在以下情况中可省略不定式符号to：
（1）all作主句主语，其后的定语从句中含有实义动词do的某种形式时。
All we need to do is live each day with passion.
我们需要做的就是充满激情地过好每一天。
（2）what引导的从句作主语，从句中含有实义动词do的某种形式时。
What I want to do is take a holiday right away.
我想马上就去度假。
Don’t worry. What you need to do is have a good sleep.
别担心，你需要做的就是好好睡一觉。
（3）（主句）主语为被 the only，the first等修饰的名词，且其后作定语的从句或短语中含有实义动词do的某种形式时。
In the evening the only thing he did was read the newspaper.
晚上他唯一做了的事 就是看报纸。
The first thing I do every morning is take plenty of exercise.
每天早晨我所做的第一件事就是进行大量的锻炼。
（4）（主句）主语为形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰，且其后作定语的从句或短语中含有实义动词do的某种形式时。
The least you can do is help a little.你至少也可以帮一把。
The most meaningful thing he wants to do is help the poor.
他想做的最有意义的事情就是帮助穷人。
【参考答案】
知识运用
1. helping 2. appealing 3. to try 4. on/upon
阅读探究
1. “Them” in line 3 means strange, low, musical sounds.
2. We need to love literature, and make an effort to explain it.
3. To support the idea that some truth and beauty remain unnoticed until a sensitive human soul brings them to our attention.
4. Good literature reflects the most basic of human nature — love and hate, joy and sadness, fear and hope.

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