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八年级（下） Units 9—10
（人与社会——世界主要国家的文化习俗与文化景观、节假日与庆祝活动）
一、选择型阅读 2025潍坊一模
体裁：说明文 词数：180左右 难度：
中国书法 Chinese calligraphy （书法） has been treasured as the highest form of art in China for over 3,000 years. It's not just beautiful writing—it carries the spirits and emotions （情感） of the writer. There are five main styles: seal script（篆书）, clerical script（隶书）, regular script（楷书）, running script, and cursive script. Among these, regular script and running script are most widely used today.
Regular script, developed during the Han Dynasty, is known for its clear structure and balanced lines. It's often recommended to beginners because it teaches basic brush control. Running script, created later, allows more freedom-characters flow like dancing ink, showing the writer's personality.
Wang Xizhi, who lived in the Jin Dynasty, is called the “Sage of Calligraphy”. His work Preface to the Poems Composed at the Orchid Pavilion is considered the best example of running script. There is a famous saying that describes good calligraphy:“The brush dances like dragons and snakes”, meaning the characters are full of life and movement.
True calligraphy masters follow three key principles （原则）: proper brush technique,correct ink density, and harmonious composition. More importantly, they believe “The heart leads the brush”—your inner feelings should guide your writing.
1．Which two calligraphy styles are most commonly used today
A．Seal script and clerical script.
B．Regular script and running script.
C．Cursive script and seal script.
D．Clerical script and regular script.
2．What does the underlined saying describe
A．The speed of writing. B．The spirit in characters.
C．The tools used in calligraphy. D．The history of Chinese writing.
3．Which of the following shows the “heart leads the brush” principle
A．Using expensive brushes and paper.
B．Copying ancient masters' works exactly.
C．Expressing personal emotions through strokes.
D．Practicing basic characters repeatedly.
4．What is the author's purpose of writing the passage
A．To compare different art forms.
B．To introduce calligraphy's key features.
C．To tell stories of famous calligraphers.
D．To explain how to choose calligraphy tools.
二、还原型阅读（六选五） 2025潍坊高密市一模
体裁：说明文 词数：180左右 难度：
中国实现“吃瓜自由” China is the country that eats the most watermelons in the world. It's not because foreigners don't like watermelons but “they can't afford them”. 1. That's because they're too expensive in most countries.
It's reported that a kilo of watermelon is about ＄1.74 in New York, which is about ￥12 in China. 2. But things are different in China. According to the FAO （联合国粮农组织）, China is now the world's largest watermelon producer and customer. Why
3. And the weather is just right for planting watermelons. With the large output （产量）, the price is naturally much lower.
Secondly, countries like the USA and Australia have a wide land, but watermelons were not introduced there as early as in China. The local people prefer other fruits that were known earlier to watermelons. 4._________
Thirdly, according to some reports, watermelons from foreign countries may not taste good. 5. Why is that Wu Mingzhu is a 95-year-old Chinese scientist who has spent her whole life on growing better watermelons. Thanks to her hard work, we can enjoy more delicious and much cheaper watermelons.
A. Do you know why B. Firstly, China's land area is large. C. So watermelons are not as popular as other fruits. D. One of the reasons is that watermelons have a good taste. E. Watermelons are also expensive in some Asian countries. F. However, in China, we seldom eat watermelons that taste bad.
三、完形填空 2025烟台芝罘区一模
体裁：说明文 词数：290左右 难度：
24节气——雨水 Based on the movement of the sun, ancient Chinese people invented 24 Solar Terms, each lasting around two weeks. 1 them, “Rain Water” is the second term, falling around February 18th or 19th. When “Rain Water” arrives, it brings life to all things. Light rain begins to feed the earth, waking up everything from its winter sleep. The ground temperature 2 rises as the rain falls, and the weather becomes quite wet in the following days.
This is a wonderful time for 3 . Birds migrate （迁徙） back to the north, ducks swim in the water, and plants grow new buds. The seasonal calendar acts as a calendar for farmers, guiding them on 4 to plant seeds for the best harvest. After a cold and dark winter, “Rain Water” tells the farmers that it's the perfect time they started 5 .
There's a beautiful poem by the famous Tang Dynasty poet Du Fu that perfectly describes the “Rain Water”.
In this poem, Du Fu describes that the spring rain knows exactly when to fall. It 6 at night, making everything wet without a sound. The open fields are covered in 7 , and only a lantern on a boat can be seen in the distance. When dawn （黎明） comes, the flowers are 8 wet and heavy with raindrops that the whole town seems to be blooming with beauty.
Through this poem, Du Fu expresses his deep love and admiration for the spring rain 9 brings life and hope to the earth. He sees the rain as a gentle and kind force that nurtures and 10 all living things. Just like the rain, he hopes that life can be gentle, beautiful, and full of new beginnings for everyone.
1．A．With B．Between C．Among D．Around
2．A．finally B．quickly
C．gradually D．unexpectedly
3．A．nature B．plants C．humans D．animals
4．A．where B．when C．how D．what
5．A．sleeping B．driving C．dreaming D．planting
6．A．leaves hurriedly B．comes silently
C．disappears suddenly D．knocks terribly
7．A．thick ice B．thin fog
C．dark clouds D．warm sunshine
8．A．as B．so C．very D．such
9．A．that B．this C．what D．who
10．A．worries about B．looks up
C．cares for D．cleans off
四、阅读表达 2025济宁任城区一模改编
体裁：说明文 词数：300左右 难度：
庆祝新年的新方式 28-year-old Miss Gu took on the role of “Spring Festival organizer” in her family for the first time this year. In the past, that was her parents who were in charge of it.
“Too many activities and visits to relatives can turn the festival into more of a tiring task than a relaxing break,” Gu said. So she decided to make things simple this year.
One of the biggest changes Gu made was about visiting relatives. She didn't plan to visit them in person. Instead, she made video calls. To her surprise, her family and relatives all liked this new way. They thought it was easy and stress-free. Her relatives also said they didn't have to rush back to their hometown from different parts of the country.
“The video call also stopped them from discussing young people's studies, work, and marriage when they ran out of topics,” said Gu.
Another change was making the Lunar New Year's Eve dinner simpler. In the past, preparing this meal usually took days, and they would spend a whole day in the kitchen cooking, serving, and cleaning up.
This year, instead of starting to cook at 8:00 am, Gu and her family started at 4:00 pm and finished cooking in about two hours. “We made delicious dumplings together and cooked fewer dishes than usual, but the table was full of laughter,” said Gu. After the meal, they sat around, chatting about their hopes for the new year. Everyone had a warm smile on their faces, enjoying the happy time together. Gu said, “My family ate up most of the food that evening. It was such a wonderful night.”
Gu is not alone. More and more young Chinese are taking an active part in organizing the Spring Festival, changing the way people celebrate this traditional festival.
1．How did Gu greet her relatives this year
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2．What other change did Gu make besides the way of visiting relatives
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3．Besides the delicious food, what else made the night special for Gu's family
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4．Translate the underlined sentence in the second paragraph into Chinese.
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5．What's the best title for this passage
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八年级（下） Units 9—10
（人与社会——世界主要国家的文化习俗与文化景观、节假日与庆祝活动）
一、选择型阅读 2025潍坊一模
1．B
2．B
[解析]推理判断题。根据“meaning the characters are full of life and movement”可知，画线的内容描述了文字中的精髓。故选B。
3．C
[解析]根据“More importantly, they believe‘The heart leads the brush’—your inner feelings should guide your writing.”可知，选项C“通过笔画表达个人情感”体现了“以心运笔”的原则。
4．B
二、还原型阅读（六选五） 2025潍坊高密市一模
1．A
[解析]根据“they can't afford them”以及“That's because they're too expensive in most countries.”可知，空处需要询问外国人为什么买不起西瓜。选项A“你知道为什么吗？”符合语境。
2．E
[解析]根据“It's reported that a kilo of watermelon is about ＄1.74 in New York, which is about ￥12 in China.”以及“But things are different in China.”可知，空处需进一步说明其他国家西瓜的价格情况，来突出中国的低价。选项E“在一些亚洲国家，西瓜也是昂贵的”符合语境。
3．B
[解析]根据上文的“Why ”及下文中的 “Secondly”和“Thirdly”可知，本段介绍的是第一个原因。选项B“首先，中国国土面积大”符合语境。
4．C
[解析]根据上文中的“The local people prefer other fruits that were known earlier to watermelons.”可知，与西瓜相比，当地人更喜欢其他更早为人知的水果，空处需要引出结果。选项C“所以，西瓜不像其他水果那样受欢迎”符合语境。
5．F
[解析]根据“Thirdly, according to some reports, watermelons from foreign countries may not taste good.”以及“Wu Mingzhu...cheaper watermelons.”可知，空处需要一个转折，使论述从“外国西瓜可能口感差”转到“中国西瓜更美味”上。选项F“然而，在中国，我们很少吃到口感不好的西瓜”符合语境。
三、完形填空 2025烟台芝罘区一模
1．C
[解析]空后的“them”指代“24 Solar Terms”，空处需要一个词来表示雨水是24节气中的一个。among表示“在……中”，用于三者或三者以上。故选C。
2．C
[解析]根据“The ground temperature...rises as the rain falls”及自然规律可知，温度是随着雨水降落而逐渐上升的。故选C。
3．A
[解析]根据“Birds migrate back to the north, ducks swim in the water, and plants grow new buds.”可知，此处描述的是自然界的景象。故选A。
4．B
[解析]根据“guiding them on...to plant seeds for the best harvest”可知，此处描述的是季节性日历指导农民何时播种。日历解决的核心问题是“时间”。故选B。
5．D
[解析]根据“‘Rain Water’ tells the farmers that it's the perfect time they started...”可知，此处讨论的是农业活动，且前文也提到“plant seeds”。故选D。
6．B
[解析]根据“making everything wet without a sound”可知，春雨是悄然而至的。故选B。
7．C
[解析]根据“only a lantern on a boat can be seen in the distance”可知，田野被乌云笼罩，所以只能看到远处船上的灯笼。故选C。
8．B
[解析]分析句子可知，此处是“so+形容词+that从句”结构，表示“如此……以至于……”。故选B。
9．A
[解析]根据“the spring rain...brings life and hope to the earth”可知，空处引导定语从句，指代先行词“the spring rain”（指物），且在定语从句中充当主语。故选A。
10．C
[解析]根据“He sees...all living things.”可知，此处指春雨作为一种温和而善良的力量，滋养并关怀所有生物。故选C。
四、阅读表达 2025济宁任城区一模改编
1．By making video calls.
2．She made the Lunar New Year's Eve dinner simpler.
3．They sat around, chatting about their hopes for the new year.
4．太多的活动和走亲访友会让节日变得更像一项累人的任务，而不是一个放松的假期。
5．New Ways to Celebrate the New Year （答案不唯一）

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