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题型三 选择型阅读
考情解读
解题有法
四步通关
六技突破
方法应用
典例演练一 整篇试练
1．Why are more and more people choosing audiobooks over paper books
A．They are easier to take.
B．They offer choices in content.
C．They improve people's eyesight.
D．They free people in time and place.
2．What did researchers find in the study
A．People recalled more information from reading paper books.
B．Listening activated different parts of the brain from reading.
C．People can read and listen to the same content at the same time.
D．Listening makes no difference in recalling information from reading.
3．What can we infer from the text
A．People need to stay focused while reading.
B．People often do other tasks while listening.
C．People actually learn better from audiobooks.
D．People have to activate the brain to learn better.
4．How is the text organized （①=Paragraph 1, ②=Paragraph 2,...）
A． B．
C． D．
方法探究
略读知意明中心
整篇概要：对比听有声书和读纸质书两种获取知识的方式。
预测主题：讨论两种方式的利与弊。
审题览项瞄关键
任务1：．定位文中画波浪线的关键信息，在括号内填入对应的题号。
定方向：根据题干确定题目类型，再“对症下药”，用对应的方法解题。
细读揣摩定答案
任务2：基于文中线索和解题技巧，再次推敲，填写关键信息。
1．细节理解
找 同义表达 从第1题的四个选项中，找出与该题关键线索“...you can listen to audiobooks anytime and anywhere you like...”的同义表达，为选项 _ _ _ _ 。
2．细节理解
找 同义表达 ①从四个选项中，找出与该题关键线索一“...they recalled as much information, whether they listened to or read it.”的同义表达，为选项 _ _ _ _ 。选项 _ _ _ _ 中的“more”与该线索关键信息“as much”是（√）否（×）为同义表达？（ ）
辨干扰项 ②四个选项中与关键线索二“...listening to audiobooks activated almost the same parts of the brain as reading did.”意义相反的一项为 _ _ _ _ 。其中该选项中的单词 _ _ _ _ 与对应线索中的 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 互为反义词。③选项 _ _ _ _ 为文章并未提及的“无中生有”干扰项。
3．推理判断
析 特定的细节①选项 _ _ _ _ 在文中未提及。②选项 _ _ _ _ 与线索“...they learn better from reading paper books.”相悖。③选项 _ _ _ _ 能直接从原文“...when we listen to audiobooks, we are often doing some other tasks at the same time.”中找到（一般不选能直接从原文找到的选项）。④最后分析文中第3题的特定细节线索“You need to find time available and a quiet place to sit down and read.”，可知答案选 _ _ _ _ 。
4．篇章结构
理 段落大意①从下列选项中选出对应的段落大意，将序号写在横线上。
P（Paragraph）1: _ _ _ _ P2: _ _ _ _ P3: _ _ _ _ P4: _ _ _ _ P5: _ _ _ _
A.通过对比分析有声书流行的原因。 B.通过实验表明：无论听有声书还是读纸质书，人们回忆起的信息量一样多。 C.探讨争议：为什么一些人认为读纸质书更好。 D.描述有声书越来越受欢迎的现象并提出问题。 E.引用其他研究，表明听有声书和读纸质书几乎激活了大脑相同的区域。
理 段间关系②分析段间关系：第 _ _ _ _ 段引入（提出问题）；第 _ _ _ _ 段对比两种方式，第 _ _ _ _ ~ _ _ _ _ 段说明研究结论（分析问题）；第 _ _ _ _ 段补充说明（探讨争议），确定答案选 _ _ _ _ 。
再读核查保周全
检查答案是否尊重原文，确定材料中的信息和观点是否判断正确。
典例演练二 节选补充
（一）词义猜测
[2024东营中考节选]Camels are like sponges. They can take in more than 130 litres of water in one short drink. In only a few minutes, all of this water goes directly to the camel's blood cells （细胞）.
1．What does the underlined word “sponges” mean
A．海绵 B．弹簧 C．水桶 D．吸管
方法探究
① 判 语境 此处将骆驼比作了一种物品，根据画线词后的句子可知此物品和骆驼具有相似的特征：能短时间吸收大量水分。
② 结合常识，确定答案选 _ _ _ _ 。
（二）归纳总结（段落大意）
[聊城中考节选]Xie knows the difference between special education and general education. She takes care of each student according to their physical conditions. And she also helps them with learning and their daily life. She used to help carry a student to restrooms, the dining hall, classrooms and the dormitory for nine years until the student graduated （毕业） from the school.
2．What does Paragraph 3 （第3段） mainly tell us
A．What Xie knows.
B．How long Xie helped carry the student.
C．How Xie takes care of the students.
D．What the students' physical conditions are.
方法探究
① 览 首尾句找主题速览整段，重点关注首尾句，是（√）否（×）有主题句？（ ）
② 览 高频词（若有主题句，根据上面步骤①找出主题句即可得出答案，若无主题句，再进入②） 细读本段内容，找出本段多次出现的高频动词 _ _ _ _ ,以及该词的同义短语_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 。
③ 根据上一步找出来的高频词，锁定选项B与C，再分析选项中的疑问词：how long表时间，how表方式，结合语境，可排除干扰项，答案为 _ _ _ _ 。
（三）代词指代
[2024滨州中考节选]The government encourages local people to learn lantern-making widely. Without doubt, at the heart of the Zigong Lantern Festival's success is the local tradition of pulling together. Zigong lanterns are getting more and more popular. Driven by the collective efforts of the whole city, they have reached over 80 countries. It's believed that Zigong lanterns will reach every corner of the world in the future.
3．What does the underlined word “they” in Paragraph 4 refer to
A．People in Zigong. B．Zigong lanterns.
C．The makers of Zigong lanterns. D．Many museums.
方法探究
① 返回原文，找出原词并判断代词是单数还是复数。本题为 _ _ _ _ 数。
② “就近原则”找指代 向上搜索，找最近的名词、名词性短语或句子（单数代词找单数名词，复数代词找复数名词），可找到“the collective efforts”和 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （先从最近的开始找，找不到再找第二近的，一般答案不会离得太远）。
③ 将找到的内容替换该代词，查是否通顺：将“they”替换为“the collective efforts”，该句意思不通，不符合逻辑，故确定答案选 _ _ _ _ 。
（四）跨学科迁移——跨数学
[2024滨州中考节选]Peng was born in Shandong Province in 2004. Her hearing was damaged （损伤） because she had a high fever at the age of 2. It changed her life. For her disability, she was so shy that she was even afraid to speak to others.
4．When was Peng's hearing damaged
A．In 2004. B．In 2006.
C．At the age of 6. D．2 years ago.
方法探究
① 阅读题干，标记题干中的关键词:“ _ _ _ _ ”“hearing” “damaged”。
②在原文中寻找标记的关键词，同时标记体现时间的相关信息。
③ 迁 加减乘除巧破解 理清题干询问的时间与原文提到的时间的关系。她出生于2004年，2岁时听力受损，故她听力受损的时间是：2004+ _ _ _ _ = _ _ _ _ , 故答案选 _ _ _ _ 。
注意 更多“解题有法”演练任务见本册“第二部分主题语篇课时练”
答案
典例演练一 整篇试练
1．D 2．D 3．A 4．B
方法探究
任务1： 3； 1； 2； 2； 3
任务2：
1．D
2．①D； A； × ② B； different； same ③ C
3．①D ②C ③ B ④ A
4．①D； A； B； E； C ②1； 2； 3； 4； 5； B
典例演练二 节选补充
（一）词义猜测
1．A
方法探究
② A
（二）归纳总结（段落大意）
2．C
① ×
② help； take care of
③ C
（三）代词指代
3．B
① 复
② Zigong lanterns
③ B
（四）跨学科迁移——跨数学
4．B
① When
③ 2； 2006； B
实战演练
练1
[2025潍坊中考]体裁：新闻报道 话题：人类发明与创新 词数：250左右
难度： 5 min
中国研发六足机器人导盲犬 Scientists from China's Shanghai Jiao Tong University are developing a robot “guide dog” to help blind people. The robot dog is about the size of an English bulldog but a little wider. It has six legs instead of four. The extra legs make it more stable and help it move faster.
The robot is being tested in Shanghai. With the help of cameras and AI, the robot dog can see, hear and speak with blind people. It can help them during daily trips outside and be a “friend” at home. Blind people can also use a cane （手杖） to control the robot's walking and running speed. The robot can even recognize the traffic lights—real guide dogs are unable to do that.
Li Fei and Zhu Sibin are helping test the robot. Li is totally blind and Zhu can only see a little. Zhu often uses a cane to move around. “The robot dog will make it easier to get into public places than with real guide dogs. I am happy to join in the test. It could change our lives in the near future,” Li said.
In China, there are about 17.31 million people with vision problems, but there are only about 400 guide dogs. The new robot is trying to solve this problem. “We believe our robot will act as ‘a pair of eyes' for blind people,” said Professor Gao Peng, one of the scientists. He thinks there could be a large market for these robot dogs.
1．Why do scientists develop the robot dog （ ）
A．To help blind people. B．To improve AI technology.
C．To beat the British bulldog. D．To create a six-legged machine.
2．What is Paragraph 2 mainly about （ ）
A．How the robot dog works. B．Where the robot dog can go.
C．What the robot dog can do. D．When the robot dog comes out.
3．How does Li Fei help develop the robot dog （ ）
A．He designs it. B．He helps test it.
C．He brings it into public places. D．He controls it with a cane.
4．What is Professor Gao Peng's opinion about the robot dog （ ）
A．It can treat blindness.
B．It costs a lot of money.
C．It has taken the place of real guide dogs.
D．It will have a large number of customers.
练2
[2025济南历城区一模]体裁：议论文 话题：安全意识 词数：300左右
难度： 6 min
自动驾驶汽车面临的道德困境 Imagine you are in an autonomous vehicle （AV） and face this terrible choice: The car must either turn left and hit a young boy, or turn right and hit many pedestrians （行人）. On top of this “moral dilemma （道德困境）”, if the car doesn't turn, you might get hurt. What decision would you expect the AV to make
In life-and-death situations, should AVs put passengers first or pedestrians Should AVs prioritize （优先考虑） the greater good or one person's safety These have been a central topic for several years. However, there can be no completely perfect solution.
“A moral dilemma is a dilemma; it has no exact solution （解决方法） by design,” wrote Derek Leben, a professor of ethics at the Tepper School of Business, US, in his paper.
When studying these questions of AVs, Iyad Rahwan, an MIT scientist, found that people are selfish. “People buying these cars want cars that prioritize the passenger,” Rahwan told Science News. “But they want other people's cars to protect pedestrians instead.”
AVs bring not only moral dilemmas but also other challenges. When there is an accident, who should be responsible for it, the company of the AV, or the “driver”
In July, a self-driving taxi by Baidu hit a pedestrian in Wuhan, Hubei, who ran a red light. Baidu worked with the police and took the pedestrian to the hospital. In another accident in April in Seattle, US, the responsibility fell on the “driver” since the “driver” was on his phone while in the full self-driving supervised mode.
The situations of different accidents caused by AVs are so complicated （复杂的） that “now there are no clear rules”, Ji Xuehong, a researcher from North China University of Technology, told National Business Daily. “And the rules for different levels from L2 to L4 are also different,” Ji added.
1．新考法 开篇方式 How does the writer introduce the topic of moral dilemmas faced by AVs （ ）
A．By giving an example of a hard decision.
B．By explaining what moral dilemmas mean.
C．By introducing how self-driving cars work.
D．By introducing the rules for self-driving cars.
2．What does Derek Leben think about the moral dilemma （ ）
A．It can be dealt with easily. B．There is no perfect solution.
C．It can be avoided by design. D．It won't happen in real life.
3．According to Iyad Rahwan's research, what kind of AVs do people want for themselves （ ）
A．One that can make moral decisions.
B．One that protects everyone well.
C．One that keeps its passengers safe.
D．One that puts pedestrians' safety first.
4．What is Paragraph 6 mainly about （ ）
A．Some arguments caused by AV accidents.
B．Real-life examples of AV accidents in China.
C．Different solutions of accidents caused by AVs.
D．Ways to stop accidents between AVs and pedestrians.
5．What can we infer from Ji Xuehong's words in the last paragraph （ ）
A．AVs can cause a lot of trouble.
B．It's hard to make rules for AVs.
C．It's hard to control self-driving cars.
D．The rules for AVs will come out soon.
练1
1．A
2．C
3．B
4．D
[解析]观点态度题。根据“He thinks there could be a large market for these robot dogs.”可知，他认为其市场需求大。故选D。
练2
1．A
[解析]开篇方式题。根据文章第1段“Imagine you are in an autonomous vehicle （AV） and face this terrible choice...”可知，作者通过一个道德困境的例子引入话题。
2．B
3．C
4．C
[解析]段落大意题。根据文章第6段“In July, a self-driving taxi by Baidu hit a pedestrian...”和“In another accident in April...”可知，本段主要列举了中国和美国的两起自动驾驶汽车造成的事故及其不同的责任认定和处理方式。故选C。
5．B

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