资源简介

(共41张PPT)
名词和冠词
课堂讲解及答案
人教2026中考二轮复习 语法基础
考点精讲
考点一　可数名词
1.可数名词的复数形式
(1)规则变化
规则 例词
词尾加-s map-maps, day-days, month-months
以s, x, ch, sh结尾的名词后加-es class-classes, speech-speeches, dish-dishes
以-f或-fe结尾的词 大多数变-f或 -fe为v再加-es 妻子(wife-wives)持刀(knife-knives)去宰狼(wolf-wolves),小偷(thief-thieves)吓得发了慌;躲在架(shelf-shelves)后保己(self-selves)命(life-lives),半(half-halves)片树叶(leaf-leaves)遮目光。
以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,变y为i加-es party-parties, family-families, story-stories, city-cities
以-o结尾的名词 一般加-s piano-pianos, photo-photos, bamboo-bamboos, kilo-kilos
少数加-es 英雄(heroes)爱吃土豆(potatoes)和西红柿(tomatoes)
(2)常见的不规则变化
规则 例词
改变单词中的元音字母 man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, tooth-teeth
单复数同形 sheep, Chinese, deer, Japanese
无规则变化 child-children, mouse-mice
考点二　不可数名词
1.初中阶段常见的不可数名词
单词 词义 单词 词义
advice 建议 noise 噪音
coal 煤炭 togetherness 和睦相处
grammar 语法 homework 家庭作业
information 信息 knowledge 知识
money 钱 news 新闻;消息
progress 进步 traffic 交通
happiness 快乐;幸福 meat 肉
medicine 药 cotton 棉;棉花
music 音乐 housework 家务
fun 乐趣 wealth 财富
milk 牛奶 weather 天气
metal 金属 food 食物
work 工作 paper 纸
bread 面包 trouble 麻烦
2.不可数名词的数量表达
用法 示例
用much, (a) little, a lot of, lots of, plenty of, some, any等表示多少 I need some food.
The rich man has a lot of money.
Do you have any information about the concert
用“数词或冠词+表计量的名词+of+不可数名词”的结构 a piece of paper
a drop of water
two cups of tea
3.既是可数名词,又是不可数名词的单词
单词 可数名词含义 不可数名词含义
room 房间 空间
time 次;回;倍 时间
experience 经历 经验
fruit 水果种类 水果
food 食物种类 食物
chicken 鸡 鸡肉
glass 玻璃杯 玻璃
work 作品 工作
paper 试卷;论文;文件 纸
exercise 练习 锻炼
difficulty 难题 困难
考点三　名词所有格
1.’s所有格
用法 示例
单数名词在末尾加’s the boy’s father, Jack’s book
复数名词 以s结尾的复数名词在末尾加’ the teachers’ room, the twins’ mother
不规则复数名词后加’s the children’s toys, women’s rights
表示各自拥有时,各名词末尾均须加’s Jane’s and Mary’s rooms
表示共有拥有时在最后一词末尾加’s Jane and Mary’s father
表示“某人的家”“店铺”“诊所”等所有格后名词省略 the doctor’s, my uncle’s
’s所有格的也可用于表示时间、距离等
用法 示例
1 表示时间、距离、重量、价格等 five minutes’ walk, a mile’s journey, five pounds’ weight
2 表示国家、城市等地方的名词 the world’s population, China’s industry
2.of所有格
用法 示例
1 用于无生命的名词的所有关系 the legs of the chair, the cover of the magazine
2 用于名词化的形容词的所有关系 the problem of the young
3.双重所有格
双重所有格有两种形式:
(1)名词+of+名词性物主代词。如:a friend of mine我的一位朋友
(2)名词+of+’s所有格。如:a book of Tom’s汤姆的一本书
考点四　不定冠词
不定冠词a/an一般只用来修饰可数名词单数。a用于以辅音音素开头的单词前,如a map; an用于以元音音素开头的单词前,如an umbrella等。
常见用法
用法 示例
1 指一类人或事 A plane is a machine that can fly.
2 第一次提及某人或某物 A boy is waiting for you.
3 表示“每一”,相当于every, one We study eight hours a day.
4 表示“相同”,相当于 the same We are nearly of an age.
5 用于固定搭配中 have a talk, have a look, in a word, as a result, make a living, once upon a time, in a hurry, after a while
考点五　定冠词
用法 示例
1 用于特指的人或事前 He knows a lot about the city.
2 用于世上独一无二的事物名词前 the moon, the stars
3 表示说话双方都了解的人或事 Would you mind opening the door
4 用于上文已提到过的人或事 He gave me a pen. The pen is very expensive.
5 用于乐器名词前 play the violin, play the erhu
6 用于形容词前表示一类人 the rich, the old
7 用于姓氏复数前,表示“一家人”或“夫妇” the Greens, the Wangs
8 用于序数词和形容词的最高级前 He is the tallest in his class.
9 用在由普通名词构成的专有名词前 the Great Wall, the United States
10 用在江河、海洋、山脉、群岛等的名称前 the Yangtze River, the Himalayas
11 用于固定搭配中 in the morning, in the end, by the way, at the same time, the same as, on the way to…, all the time, on the left/right
考点六　零冠词
用法 示例
1 季节、月份、星期、非中国传统节日、一日三餐前 March, spring, have breakfast/lunch/dinner
2 学科、语言、球类运动、棋类游戏名词前 learn English, play soccer
3 表示职位、身份、头衔的名词前 President of America
4 专有名词前 Beijing Opera
5 与by连用表示交通工具的名词前 by train, by air, by land
6 名词前有物主代词、指示代词、名词所有格等修饰时 this girl, Mary’s son
7 固定搭配 at first, on show, by mistake, on holiday, at present, in need, go to bed, go to school, have fun, at home
命题方向1　名词的数
1.(2025·杭州西湖区一模第62题)If you want to make a good impression on others, you should follow three _______(步骤).
2.(2025·杭州市余杭区、临平区一模第72题)It used its sharp _______(tooth) to bite through the net even if they were enemies.
考点精练
　steps　
　teeth　
3.Qomolangma is one of the greatest natural _________ (奇迹) in the world.
4.There are three ________(月) in spring, including March, April and May.
5.At a _________(一刻钟) past seven last night, I was watching a documentary about space.
6.The local ____________(政府) is paying more attention to environmental protection.
　wonders　
　months　
　quarter　
　government　
7.Nowadays, more and more _________(story) are written in e-books and read on a screen.
8.Please take those _________(shelf) to the yard.
9.Look! There are some _______(sheep) eating grass on the hill.
10.The young men are seen as ________(hero) because of their brave performance.
　stories　
　shelves　
　sheep　
　heroes　
命题方向2　名词所有格
11.I volunteer three hours every week to cheer the sick kids up at the ____________(child) hospital.
12.Mr.Smith took fifty __________(minute) ride to visit his friend Mr.Green.
13.__________________(Tony and Peter) father is a pilot. He has been to many countries around the world.
14.Look at those books of _________(Henry). What a mess they are!
　children’s　
　minutes’　
　Tony and Peter’s　
　Henry’s　
15.Who won the ________(girl) 100-meter race
16.I visited a friend of ______(I) in Nanjing yesterday.
17.My pen pal Eric sent a photo _____ his family to me.
18.Mrs.Green’s children bought some nice gifts on __________ (mother) Day.
19.In China, ___________(teacher) Day is on September 10th.
20.He got some advice and medicine at the __________ (doctor).
　girls’　
　mine　
　of　
　Mother’s　
　Teachers’　
　doctor’s　
命题方向3　名词词义辨析
(一)
habit　bottle　choose　newspaper　suggest
21.If you want to build a stronger friendship, please read the following _____________.
22.The last bus has left. Let’s take a taxi. Maybe that’s our only ________ now.
23.Reading for an hour every day is a good _______.
　suggestions　
　choice　
　habit　
24.Tim was so thirsty that he drank up two _________ of water.
25.The poor boy had to make his living by selling ___________.
　bottles　
　newspapers　
(二)
26.　 ice　geography　city　information　level
Last week in a ___________ class, we learned that if all the _____ in the North and South Poles melted, sea _______ would rise, and many ________ on the earth would be flooded and disappear. This _____________ started to worry me, especially when I began to think about what would happen if our own city was flooded.
　geography　
　ice　
　level　
　cities　
　information　
命题方向4　冠词
27.(2025·绍兴市一模第66题)The language-learning app Duolingo did _____ survey on how students study languages.
28.He doesn’t look well. What’s _____ matter
29.My sister likes playing _____ violin, while I like playing _____ soccer.
　a　
　the　
　the　
　/　
30.This is _____ interesting book. I’ve read it for _____ hour.
31.Teachers always tell us to try to be _____ honest student today and _____ useful man tomorrow.
　an　
　an　
　an　
　a　
1.A friend of my __________(father) and I are going to visit the ________(Brown) next week.
2.When Dave goes back home from school, his dog always greets him at the door with ____________(excite).
3.—How far is your home from school, Ben
—Oh, it’s only _____ five-minute walk.
考点整合训练
　father’s　
　Browns　
　excitement　
　a　
4.We help the farmers near our school to pick __________ (tomato) every year.
5.Children mustn’t play with dangerous objects like _________ (knife).
6.When swimming, we should put ________(safe) first.
7.I hope the gift can bring you ___________(happy) and good luck.
8.Look! _____ tourists on the Great Wall are taking photos happily.
　tomatoes　
　knives
　safety　
　happiness　
　The　
9.A friend of ______(I) sent a photo of my favorite singer to me.
10.The chef, staff and manager are all _________(Chinese).
　mine　
　Chinese　
Passage 1
the　culture　instruction　work　experience
　　Some students from Australia recently got the chance to take part in traditional Chinese 1._________ and sports events hosted by East China Normal University. 2._____ events were held from Thursday to Monday. On Thursday, students experienced calligraphy(书法) and seal carving(篆刻) under the 3.__________ of professors and students from China.
综合提能
　culture　
　The　
　instructions　
Oliver Smith, a 12-year-old student from Australia, was satisfied with his 4.______ in carving the Chinese character zhong, or middle. “The teachers from China told me what it meant. It was a very cool and fun 5.____________,” he said.
　work　
　experience　
Passage 2
　　I’m the eldest kid in my family, so I need to set a good 1._________(实例) for my two sisters. I learned from my mother. There are three 2.__________(孩子) in her family and she is the eldest. Mum was always calm, fair, and wise beyond her 3._____ (年龄). Even when Mum was only six years old, she used to share with her brothers. If there were new 4.______(玩具) they all liked, Mum would let her brothers play with them first.
　example　
　children　
　age　
　toys　
Mum says that I should be my sisters’ 5.______(角色) model. I work hard at school, and I try to be helpful and kind at home all the time. I always help Grandma with 6._____________ (家务) and help my sisters with their 7._____________(难题) in study.
Sometimes, there’s a lot of 8.__________(压力) to be a good eldest brother, but I feel really 9._______(幸运) to have Mum, and what I do bring my family 10.________(接近的).
　role　
housework
　problems　
　pressure　
　lucky　
　closer　
Thanks!
21世纪教育网（www.21cnjy.com)
中小学教育资源网站
有大量高质量资料？一线教师？一线教研员？
欢迎加入21世纪教育网教师合作团队！！月薪过万不是梦！！
详情请看：
https://www.21cnjy.com/help/help_extract.php/ 让教学更有效 英语学科
【2026中考二轮复习 语法基础 】名词和冠词 课堂讲解
考点精讲
考点一　可数名词
1.可数名词的复数形式
(1)规则变化
规则 例词
词尾加-s map-maps, day-days, month-months
以s, x, ch, sh结尾的名词后加-es class-classes, speech-speeches, dish-dishes
以-f或-fe结尾的词 大多数变-f或-fe为v再加-es 妻子(wife-wives)持刀(knife-knives)去宰狼(wolf-wolves),小偷(thief-thieves)吓得发了慌;躲在架(shelf-shelves)后保己(self-selves)命(life-lives),半(half-halves)片树叶(leaf-leaves)遮目光。
以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,变y为i加-es party-parties, family-families, story-stories, city-cities
以-o结尾的名词 一般加-s piano-pianos, photo-photos, bamboo-bamboos, kilo-kilos
少数加-es 英雄(heroes)爱吃土豆(potatoes)和西红柿(tomatoes)
(2)常见的不规则变化
规则 例词
改变单词中的元音字母 man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, tooth-teeth
单复数同形 sheep, Chinese, deer, Japanese
无规则变化 child-children, mouse-mice
考点二　不可数名词
1.初中阶段常见的不可数名词
单词 词义 单词 词义
advice 建议 noise 噪音
coal 煤炭 togetherness 和睦相处
grammar 语法 homework 家庭作业
information 信息 knowledge 知识
money 钱 news 新闻;消息
progress 进步 traffic 交通
happiness 快乐;幸福 meat 肉
medicine 药 cotton 棉;棉花
music 音乐 housework 家务
fun 乐趣 wealth 财富
milk 牛奶 weather 天气
metal 金属 food 食物
work 工作 paper 纸
bread 面包 trouble 麻烦
2.不可数名词的数量表达
用法 示例
用much, (a) little, a lot of, lots of, plenty of, some, any等表示多少 I need some food. The rich man has a lot of money. Do you have any information about the concert
用“数词或冠词+表计量的名词+of+不可数名词”的结构 a piece of paper a drop of water two cups of tea
3.既是可数名词,又是不可数名词的单词
单词 可数名词含义 不可数名词含义
room 房间 空间
time 次;回;倍 时间
experience 经历 经验
fruit 水果种类 水果
food 食物种类 食物
chicken 鸡 鸡肉
glass 玻璃杯 玻璃
work 作品 工作
paper 试卷;论文;文件 纸
exercise 练习 锻炼
difficulty 难题 困难
考点三　名词所有格
1.’s所有格
用法 示例
单数名词在末尾加’s the boy’s father, Jack’s book
复数名词 以s结尾的复数名词在末尾加’ the teachers’ room, the twins’ mother
不规则复数名词后加’s the children’s toys, women’s rights
表示各自拥有时,各名词末尾均须加’s Jane’s and Mary’s rooms
表示共有拥有时在最后一词末尾加’s Jane and Mary’s father
表示“某人的家”“店铺”“诊所”等所有格后名词省略 the doctor’s, my uncle’s
3.双重所有格
双重所有格有两种形式:
(1)名词+of+名词性物主代词。如:a friend of mine我的一位朋友
(2)名词+of+’s所有格。如:a book of Tom’s汤姆的一本书
考点四　不定冠词
不定冠词a/an一般只用来修饰可数名词单数。a用于以辅音音素开头的单词前,如a map; an用于以元音音素开头的单词前,如an umbrella等。
常见用法
用法 示例
1 指一类人或事 A plane is a machine that can fly.
2 第一次提及某人或某物 A boy is waiting for you.
3 表示“每一”,相当于every, one We study eight hours a day.
4 表示“相同”,相当于 the same We are nearly of an age.
5 用于固定搭配中 have a talk, have a look, in a word, as a result, make a living, once upon a time, in a hurry, after a while
考点五　定冠词
用法 示例
1 用于特指的人或事前 He knows a lot about the city.
2 用于世上独一无二的事物名词前 the moon, the stars
3 表示说话双方都了解的人或事 Would you mind opening the door
4 用于上文已提到过的人或事 He gave me a pen. The pen is very expensive.
5 用于乐器名词前 play the violin, play the erhu
6 用于形容词前表示一类人 the rich, the old
7 用于姓氏复数前,表示“一家人”或“夫妇” the Greens, the Wangs
8 用于序数词和形容词的最高级前 He is the tallest in his class.
9 用在由普通名词构成的专有名词前 the Great Wall, the United States
10 用在江河、海洋、山脉、群岛等的名称前 the Yangtze River, the Himalayas
11 用于固定搭配中 in the morning, in the end, by the way, at the same time, the same as, on the way to…, all the time, on the left/right
考点六　零冠词
用法 示例
1 季节、月份、星期、非中国传统节日、一日三餐前 March, spring, have breakfast/lunch/dinner
2 学科、语言、球类运动、棋类游戏名词前 learn English, play soccer
3 表示职位、身份、头衔的名词前 President of America
4 专有名词前 Beijing Opera
5 与by连用表示交通工具的名词前 by train, by air, by land
6 名词前有物主代词、指示代词、名词所有格等修饰时 this girl, Mary’s son
7 固定搭配 at first, on show, by mistake, on holiday, at present, in need, go to bed, go to school, have fun, at home
考点精练
命题方向1　名词的数
1.(2025·杭州西湖区一模第62题)If you want to make a good impression on others, you should follow three _______(步骤).
2.(2025·杭州市余杭区、临平区一模第72题)It used its sharp _______(tooth) to bite through the net even if they were enemies.
3.Qomolangma is one of the greatest natural _________ (奇迹) in the world.
4.There are three ________(月) in spring, including March, April and May.
5.At a _________(一刻钟) past seven last night, I was watching a documentary about space.
6.The local ____________(政府) is paying more attention to environmental protection.
7.Nowadays, more and more _________(story) are written in e-books and read on a screen.
8.Please take those _________(shelf) to the yard.
9.Look! There are some _______(sheep) eating grass on the hill.
10.The young men are seen as ________(hero) because of their brave performance.
命题方向2　名词所有格
11.I volunteer three hours every week to cheer the sick kids up at the ____________(child) hospital.
12.Mr.Smith took fifty __________(minute) ride to visit his friend Mr.Green.
13.__________________(Tony and Peter) father is a pilot. He has been to many countries around the world.
14.Look at those books of _________(Henry). What a mess they are!
15.Who won the ________(girl) 100-meter race
16.I visited a friend of ______(I) in Nanjing yesterday.
17.My pen pal Eric sent a photo _____ his family to me.
18.Mrs.Green’s children bought some nice gifts on __________ (mother) Day.
19.In China, ___________(teacher) Day is on September 10th.
20.He got some advice and medicine at the __________ (doctor).
命题方向3　名词词义辨析
(一)
habit　bottle　choose　newspaper　suggest
21.If you want to build a stronger friendship, please read the following _____________.
22.The last bus has left. Let’s take a taxi. Maybe that’s our only ________ now.
23.Reading for an hour every day is a good _______.
24.Tim was so thirsty that he drank up two _________ of water.
25.The poor boy had to make his living by selling ___________.
(二)
26.　
ice　geography　city　information　level
Last week in a ___________ class, we learned that if all the _____ in the North and South Poles melted, sea _______ would rise, and many ________ on the earth would be flooded and disappear. This _____________ started to worry me, especially when I began to think about what would happen if our own city was flooded.
命题方向4　冠词
27.(2025·绍兴市一模第66题)The language-learning app Duolingo did _____ survey on how students study languages.
28.He doesn’t look well. What’s _____ matter
29.My sister likes playing _____ violin, while I like playing _____ soccer.
30.This is _____ interesting book. I’ve read it for _____ hour.
31.Teachers always tell us to try to be _____ honest student today and _____ useful man tomorrow.
考点整合训练
1.A friend of my __________(father) and I are going to visit the ________(Brown) next week.
2.When Dave goes back home from school, his dog always greets him at the door with ____________(excite).
3.—How far is your home from school, Ben
—Oh, it’s only _____ five-minute walk.
4.We help the farmers near our school to pick __________ (tomato) every year.
5.Children mustn’t play with dangerous objects like _________ (knife).
6.When swimming, we should put ________(safe) first.
7.I hope the gift can bring you ___________(happy) and good luck.
8.Look! _____ tourists on the Great Wall are taking photos happily.
9.A friend of ______(I) sent a photo of my favorite singer to me.
10.The chef, staff and manager are all _________(Chinese).
综合提能
Passage 1
the　culture　instruction　work　experience
Some students from Australia recently got the chance to take part in traditional Chinese 1._________ and sports events hosted by East China Normal University. 2._____ events were held from Thursday to Monday. On Thursday, students experienced calligraphy(书法) and seal carving(篆刻) under the 3.__________ of professors and students from China.
Oliver Smith, a 12-year-old student from Australia, was satisfied with his 4.______ in carving the Chinese character zhong, or middle. “The teachers from China told me what it meant. It was a very cool and fun 5.____________,” he said.
Passage 2
I’m the eldest kid in my family, so I need to set a good 1._________(实例) for my two sisters. I learned from my mother. There are three 2.__________(孩子) in her family and she is the eldest. Mum was always calm, fair, and wise beyond her 3._____ (年龄). Even when Mum was only six years old, she used to share with her brothers. If there were new 4.______(玩具) they all liked, Mum would let her brothers play with them first.
Mum says that I should be my sisters’ 5.______(角色) model. I work hard at school, and I try to be helpful and kind at home all the time. I always help Grandma with 6._____________ (家务) and help my sisters with their 7._____________(难题) in study.
Sometimes, there’s a lot of 8.__________(压力) to be a good eldest brother, but I feel really 9._______(幸运) to have Mum, and what I do bring my family 10.________(接近的).
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)

展开更多......

收起↑