资源简介

Unit 2 Natural disasters
Extended reading
阅读理解
阅读教材P25－26中的材料，选出最佳选项
1．In which country was Pompeii located
A．Greece.　B．Roman.　C．Peru.　D．England.
2．What rhetoric (修辞) is used to describe the volcanic eruption
A．Parallelism (排比)．
B．Personification (拟人)．
C．Simile (明喻)．
D．Exaggeration (夸张)．
3．Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage
A．The city of Pompeii was a typical model of the whole Roman empire with little shops，tiny palaces，forum and theatre.
B．During the volcanic eruption，all men and women cried with fear.
C．It is almost seven centuries before the city of Pompeii was discovered again.
D．The walls of Pompeii city were covered with ash and dirt long after being buried in the earth.
知识点
rescue n．& vt.救援，营救，抢救
(教材P27)Dogs have been very helpful in rescue efforts on land.
狗在陆地上的救援工作中很有帮助。
1. They were eventually rescued by helicopter.
他们最后被直升机救走了。
2. We had given up hope of rescue.
我们那时已经放弃了获救的希望。
归纳拓展
1. come/go to one's rescue 营救某人，帮助某人
rescue workers 营救人员
rescue sb.from... 从……中营救某人
2. rescuer n. 营救人员
单句语法填空
①The firemen rescued a baby ____ the burning house.
②The two men on the fishing ship ____________(rescue) before it sank.
③We came __ his rescue and pulled him out of the river.
④The woman is comforting the boy _______(rescue) from the old building.
翻译句子
他救了一名溺水儿童。
_________________________________
阅读技能
推理判断题——一步推导法
推理判断题主要考查学生对文章深层意义的理解，在解答这类题时，可采用“一步推导法”。即推理判断题的最近答案原则：推得近的要比推得远的好，直接推出的要比间接推出的好。
思维建模——熟练3步解题流程
[技巧点拨]
推理判断题不是考查我们的想象力，它实际是考查我们原文中的某一个点或几个点所涉及的问题读透了没有。因此做题时不能想得太多，推得过远，是否把原文读懂才是关键。在推理判断时要牢记以下几点：
(1)忠实原文原则：严格按照阅读材料中所提供的信息进行推理，千万不要掺杂自己的主观想法或经验。
(2)深层推断原则：如果某选项中的内容是阅读材料的简单重复，那它就不是推论，也就不是正确答案。
(3)全面分析原则：如果某个选项表达的内容虽在文中提到，但很片面或很不完整，那也不是正确答案。
[名师点津]　某些过渡词，如however，but，on the contrary，what's more等后面所表达的内容往往能反映作者的观点和态度。
[例文]
Languages have been coming and going for thousands of years，but in recent times there has been less coming and a lot more going.When the world was still populated by hunter gatherers，small，tightly knit (联系) groups developed their own patterns of speech independent of each other.Some language experts believe that 10，000 years ago，when the world had just five to ten million people，they spoke perhaps 12，000 languages between them.
※What can we infer about languages in hunter gatherer times
A．They developed very fast.
B．They were large in number.
C．They had similar patterns.
D．They were closely connected.
[答案]　B
[即学即练]
请快速确定下面这段文字的推理判断题的答案。
Just outside our gate，all down Jabu Ndlovu Street，as the day begins to fade，security guards take their places.They're cheerful.And they sleep right through their shifts.No one expects a security guard to stay awake.That's why the whole street knew Solly.He not only stayed awake，but also walked around to check the block，picked up litter，and knocked on doors and asked residents to turn their music down.
※What made Solly different from other guards
A．His skin color. B．His hard work.
C．His friendly manner. D．His lovable character.
[答案]______
【参考答案】
阅读理解
1－3　BCA
单句语法填空
①from ②were rescued ③to ④rescued
翻译句子
He rescued a child from drowning.
阅读技能
[即学即练] 　BGrammar
动词不定式作定语
动词不定式的结构
to+动词原形
二、动词不定式作定语
1、动词不定式与其所修饰的词之间往往有动宾关系，如果该不定式是不及物动词，或者该不定式本身有宾语，其后应有必要的介词。
例句：
He wants water to drink. 他要喝水。
She has a child to take care of. 她有一个孩子要照顾。
Are you going to the conference to be held next week 你准备参加下周举行的会议吗？
2、作定语的不定式可以表示情态意义。作定语的不定式有时含有情态意义，相当于may, can, will, would或should所具有的含有。
例句：
He has no friend to depend on. 他没有可以依靠的朋友。(to depend on=whom he can depend on)
He is not the kind of man to do such things. 他不是可能做这种事的人。(to do such things=whom may do such things)
I have a lot of work to finish today. 我今天有许多工作要完成。(to finish=which I should finish或which I must finish)
3、不定式可以修饰there be结构中做主语名词。
例句：
There is a good rule to go by. 有一项应该遵守的好制度。
There is not a moment to lose. 刻不容缓。
She knows all there is to know. 所有的事情她全都知道。
4、不定式常用于“have + the + 抽象名词”结构中。
例句：
She has the kindness to help you. 她出于好意帮助你。
I didn’t have the heart to tell you the bad news. 我不忍心把这个坏消息告诉你。
5、有些名词后常跟不定式作定语。例如time, way, right, chance, reason, effort, ambition, movement。
例句：
It is already time to start spring sowing. 是开始春播的时候了。
Thank you for giving me the chance to make the speech. 谢谢你给我发言的机会。
6、有些动词和形容词后常跟不定式，这些动词和形容词派生出来的名词后也可用不定式作定语。例如ability, agreement, anxiety, decision, plan, need, determination, willingness, readiness, impatience, inclination, obligation, eagerness。
例句：
His eagerness to get back home was quite obvious. 看得出他急于回家。
She made an attempt to overcome her weaknesses. 她努力克服自己的缺点。
7、不定式可以修饰做主语的名词，相当于一个定语从句，表明动作即将发生。
例句：
The future to greet us will be bright. 我们的未来将是美好的。
The plans to be made are of vital importance. 要制定的计划至关重要。
8、the first, the second, the last, the best, the only thing等常跟不定式作定语。
例句：
She is always the first to answer questions. 她总是第一个回答问题。
He would be the last to agree to the plan. 他决不会同意这项计划。
9、当go, spare作“剩下”解时，可作定语；另外还有“with/without+名词+不定式”结构。
例句：
With much money to spend, the boy was spoiled. 那个男孩花钱如流水，被惯坏了。
He left on a cold morning, without anyone to see him off. 他在一个寒冷的早上离开的，没有人为他送行。
10、a much-to-be-longed-for place——不定式作前置定语。不定式作定语时一般需后置，但由连字符连接的不定式短语作定语则要前置，为一种简洁的表达法，其组成结构一般有“动词+名词/代词”、“动词+动词”、“动词+副词”、“形容词+动词”几类。
例句：
a do-nothing man（一个无所事事的人）
a strong-to-be-desired travel（一次十分渴望的旅行）
the take-home pay(带回家的工资）
a never-to-be-executed plan(一个永远也施行不了的计划）Unit 2 Natural disasters
Reading
表层理解
速读P16－17课文，完成下列任务
Ⅰ.阅读判断
判断以下句子提供的信息是正确，还是错误，还是没有提及。
1．An earthquake that hit the county killed 7 students and more than 200 people were injured in the disaster area.
A．Right.　　 B．Wrong.　　 C．Not mentioned.
2．The teachers and students reacted correctly when the earthquake hit.
A．Right. B．Wrong. C．Not mentioned.
3．Sabrina Andron，a 12 year old girl，helped around 100 people escape danger with her knowledge of tsunamis.
A．Right. B．Wrong. C．Not mentioned.
4．Sabrina Andron has a strong sense of danger on a daily basis，especially earthquake and tsunami.
A．Right. B．Wrong. C．Not mentioned.
Ⅱ.补全信息
选择正确选项填入空白处，补全所给句子提供的信息。
A．laughing，crying and hugging each other
B．caused by an undersea earthquake
C．of 7 killed and over 200 injured in the disaster area at large
D．enjoying the warm sea air and the soft wind that brushed their hair
E．to protect themselves during the earthquake
1．Only 5 students suffered slight injuries，despite the current figures ________．
2．The kids were calm enough ________．
3．After a roll call confirmed that all were safe and sound，they relaxed, ________．
4．On 20 December，a series of huge waves ________ raced across the ocean near Goldshore and left thousands dead.
5．People were walking，running or simply sitting on the sandy beach, ________．
Ⅲ.表格填空
Earthquake Tsunami
When On 17 March 6.
Where Falmont Primary School Newdale
What 476 students and 36 teachers escaped an 1. that hit the county at 2：27 p．m. Only 5 students suffered slight injuries，despite the current figures of 7 killed and over 200 injured in the disaster area at large. A series of huge waves caused by an undersea earthquake raced across the ocean near Goldshore and left thousands dead.A 10 year old girl，Sabrina Andron，helped 7. 100 people escape danger with her knowledge of tsunamis.
How The students reacted correctly when the earthquake hit. They 2. ，head first，and held on to the legs of the desks. There were loud crashes of glass breaking and things falling to the ground，but the students remained still and waited 3. . The moment the shaking stopped，Miss Brown sensed it was the best time for the class to make their escape. She signalled to her students to exit the classroom in an orderly line covering their heads with their hands. After a roll call confirmed that all were 4. ，they relaxed，laughing，crying and hugging each other. People were walking，running or simply sitting on the sandy beach， 8. the warm sea air and the soft wind. Sabrina was one of the happy tourists until she noticed something odd. It immediately 9. her that these were signs of an approaching tsunami. She was frightened，but she soon kept her head. She warned her parents of the danger and kept asking her parents to talk to a safety officer. 10. her great relief，the beach was rapidly cleared of people，just before the huge waves crashed into the coast.
Why The school practises earthquake safety procedures 5. a year，so the kids were calm enough to protect themselves during the earthquake. The girl had learnt about the signs of a tsunami in a Geography lesson.
深度感悟
细读教材P16－17课文，完成下列任务
Ⅰ.主旨匹配
段落 主旨大意
1. Para. 1 2. Paras. 2－4 3. Para. 5 4. Paras. 6－7 A．The details of the Falmont earthquake. B．An overview of the Falmont earthquake. C．Detailed information about the tsunami. D．The general information of a tsunami caused by an undersea earthquake.
Ⅱ.单项选择
1．How many deaths and injuries did the earthquake cause
A．5；200.　　 B．36；476.
C．7；more than 200. D．36；over 200.
2．Why did Miss Brown open the classroom quickly
A．To signal the students to exit the classroom quickly.
B．To let the other students come into the classroom.
C．To ask her students to hide behind the door for safety.
D．To avoid damaging the door during the shaking.
3．What did Sabrina notice about the sea
A．She noticed something strange and different from the regular day.
B．She found more people walking and running on the sandy beach.
C．She found the sea wind was more fierce than ever.
D．She found more seagulls were flying over the sea.
4．Who did Sabrina tell first when she sensed a tsunami was coming
A．A tourist on the beach. B．A safety officer.
C．Her parents. D．The police.
5．Where does the passage probably come from
A．Website. B．Newspaper.
C．Magazine. D．Science report.
Ⅲ.概要写作微技能(二)——动作描写
1．阅读课文中含有动作描写的语句。
A．Her students' reaction was quick and correct―they moved under their desks，head first，and held on to the legs of the desks.
B．There were loud crashes of glass breaking and things falling to the ground，but the students remained still and waited calmly and quietly.
C．After a roll call confirmed that all were safe and sound，they relaxed，laughing，crying and hugging each other.
D．People were walking，running or simply sitting on the sandy beach，enjoying the warm sea air and the soft wind that brushed their hair.
2．判断下列语句中哪些没有动作描写。
A．The boy raised the last bag onto his shoulder，and a bright smile flashed on the face.
B．He stooped，the basketball was clapping around and around his hands，and his eyes were rolling slightly.
C．Astonished and excited，he yelled，“Mum and Dad，you bought a new friend to keep Poppy company！”
D．She leaned forward，grabbed the umbrella，went further，stepped back，and staggered forward.
E．Lin Xiangru stepped back，holding Bi in both hands，and stood against the pillar.
【参考答案】
表层理解
Ⅰ. 1－4　BABC
Ⅱ. 1－5　CEABD
Ⅲ. 1. earthquake 2. moved under their desks 3. calmly and quietly 4. safe and sound 5. twice 6. On 20 December 7. around 8. enjoying 9. occurred to 10. To
深度感悟
Ⅰ. 1－4　BADC
Ⅱ. 1－5　CDACB
Ⅲ. 2．CUnit 2 Natural disasters
Writing
本单元的写作项目是写一篇介绍自然灾害的说明文。写此类文章需要注意以下几点：
1．描述自然灾害首先要说明该灾害的基本情况：如时间、地点、最后造成的损失和危害等。
2．有时需要介绍地理原因、发生的过程，以及人类对这种自然灾害的认识等。
3．写好自然灾害类文章的关键是实事求是、简明扼要。
[基本框架]
1．开头——说明什么地方发生了什么样的自然灾害。
2．主体——具体介绍自然灾害造成的损失。
3．结尾——表达自己的祝愿。
[常用词块]
1．hesitate before replying 犹豫了一下才回答
2．unable to save his life 不能救他的命
3．cut off the enemy's retreat 切断敌人的退路
4．a house looking as if to fall down 看上去好像要倒的房子
5．feel a sudden urge to run away突然想赶快逃走
6．seriously injured his legs 他的双腿严重受伤
7．cause a great loss 造成巨大损失
8．cut down a tree 砍倒一棵树
9．turn into a nightmare变成一个噩梦
10．take safety measures 采取安全措施
11．cause damage to property 造成财产损失
12．leave the area in ruins 使这个地区成为废墟
13．hope to find their missing son希望找到他们失踪的儿子
14．a path washed away by the sea被海浪冲坏的小路
15．are killed in a crash在一次撞车事故中丧生
16．call in the police 打电话报警
17．send him to hospital 送他去医院
18．lost his life in an earthquake 他在地震中丧生
[常用语句]
精彩开头
1．A big fire broke out...
2．An earthquake happened in/occurred in/hit/struck the district.
3．There have been many natural disasters such as floods，droughts...
正文佳句
1．The storm caused great damage to the crops.
2．After the earthquake，water，gas and electricity were all cut off.
3．The big floods，which occurred in 1998，caused great losses.
4．Millions of people suffered from the disasters which caused many deaths，destroyed many homes and wiped up many pieces of land.
5．Tens of thousands of people lost their precious lives owing to the strong earthquake in Sichuan Province.
余味结尾
1．The fire lasted about two hours and was finally put out in the afternoon.
2．Fortunately，the injured people were sent to hospital without delay.
3．It is time for us to stop damaging it and to do our best to protect it and make it suitable to live in.
作文讲解示例
假如你是李华，得知你的美国网友Bill的家乡发生山火，房屋被烧毁，他现在住在临时避难所。请你写一封邮件慰问他，内容要点如下：
1．询问受灾情况，表示关心；
2．鼓励他振作起来，重建家园。
注意：1．词数80左右；
2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
参考词汇：山火 mountain fire
Dear Bill，
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
Yours，
Li Hua
【学生习作】
Dear Bill，
Hear you have mountain fire and I am sad. Are you OK，now I am worried about you.
Your houses were burned down and you are living outside. That's so bad. How do you live now？Do you have water and food I can help you. The mountain fire is not easy to put out，so you should be patient and cheer up! I am sure you will be better.
Come on，be happy and confident.
Yours，
Li Hua
点评：
1．句式简单，不能学以致用；
2．虽表示关心，但浮于表面客套。
【参考范文】
Dear Bill，
On hearing the news that the destructive mountain fire broke out in your hometown, I am extremely worried about you.
Are you or your family injured I heard that your house was burned down and you are living in the temporary shelter now. How about the conditions there Do you have enough clothes and food
The fire has caused great damage to your family, but I firmly believe that all things will get better. Cheer up! I'm sure you will rebuild your hometown soon. Anyway, tomorrow is another day!
Yours，
Li Hua
跟踪训练
去年夏天，南方发生了严重的洪涝灾害，造成了很大的损失。请根据下面三个方面的内容，写一篇英语短文：
1．损失：农田被毁，房屋被冲走，很多人无家可归；
2．洪涝灾害的原因：下雨达数月，森林被砍伐，湖泊被改造成农田；
3．补救措施：保护河边树木，重建堤坝，还田造湖。
注意：词数80左右。
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
【参考答案】
跟踪训练
【参考范文】
Last summer，a big flood occurred in the south.Fields were ruined，houses were washed away and many people became homeless.
There are three reasons for the floods.Firstly，it had kept raining for months.Secondly，many forests had been cut down and the soil was washed away.Finally，some lakes had been turned into fields，which seriously blocked the waterway.
Now，some measures have been taken to prevent floods from happening again.The trees along the rivers have been protected.Old dams have been rebuilt and some fields have been turned back into lakes again.

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