资源简介

Unit 4 Scientists who changed the world
Grammar and usage
语法感知
观察下面句子，说出黑体词成分的结构类型及句中的功能
①We saw abandoned farms which were built more than a hundred years ago.
②For many years，trained camels carried food and other supplies，and returned with wool and other products.
③We ate great meals cooked by experts!
④The report written by Zhang Li has been handed in.
⑤Finally the English government tried in the early twentieth century to form the United Kingdom by getting Ireland connected in the same peaceful way.
⑥You find most of the population settled in the south，but most of the industrial cities in the Midlands and the North of England.
⑦To her great surprise，Zhang Pingyu found the Queen’s jewels guarded by special royal soldiers who，on special occasions，still wore the four-hundred-year-old uniform of the time of Queen Elizabeth Ⅰ.
⑧It passes through Greenwich，so Pingyu had a photo taken standing on either side of the line.
自我归纳
1．①②③④句中的过去分词(短语)在句中作_________。
2．①②句中为单个的过去分词作定语，常常放在被修饰名词的 ________；③④句中为过去分词短语作定语，应放在被修饰名词的_________。
3．⑤⑥⑦⑧例句中的过去分词在句中作____________，它们与句子宾语之间的关系为逻辑上的___________。
4．以上例句⑥，⑦为动词________后接过去分词(短语)作宾语补足语。
5．以上例句⑤，⑧为使役动词_________和_________后接过去分词(短语)作宾语补足语。
语法精析
一、过去分词作定语
1．过去分词作定语的位置
(1)单个的过去分词作定语通常放在被修饰词之前；过去分词短语作定语则放在被修饰词之后，相当于一个定语从句。
The government decided to rebuild the damaged bridge.
政府决定重新修复那座被毁坏的大桥。
I am fond of the food cooked by your mother.
＝I am fond of the food that is cooked by your mother.
我很喜欢你妈妈做的饭菜。
The computer center，opened last year，is very popular among the students in this school.
＝The computer center，which was opened last year，is very popular among the students in this school.
电脑中心是去年开放的，很受这个学校的学生欢迎。
[名师点津]
有些过去分词表示特定含义，单独作定语也放在被修饰的名词之后。如：left(剩余的)，given(所给的)，concerned(有关的)等。另外，单个过去分词作定语修饰代词时，应该放在被修饰的词后面。
There is a little time left. Let’s hurry up.
剩余时间不多了，咱们快点吧。
He is one of those invited.
他是那些被邀请的人之一。
(2)有些过去分词作定语既可前置也可后置，意义不变，但有些过去分词置于被修饰词前后的位置不同，则意义也不相同。
All the broken windows have been repaired.
＝All the windows broken have been repaired.
所有坏了的窗户已经修理好了。
The method used is very efficient.
所用的这个方法很有效。
This is a used car worth only 5,000 yuan.
这是一辆价值5 000元的旧车。
2．及物动词和不及物动词的过去分词作定语
(1)及物动词的过去分词作定语，具有完成和被动两层含义。
steamed bread 馒头
respected leaders 受人尊敬的领导
excited children兴奋的孩子们
(2)不及物动词的过去分词作定语，只表示动作的完成，无被动之意。
a fallen tree 一棵倒下的树
a retired worker 一位退休工人
3．不同非谓语动词形式作定语的区别
过去分词作定语 表示被动或完成
现在分词作定语 表示主动或进行
现在分词的被动形式作定语 表被动和进行
不定式作定语 表示将要发生的动作
The meeting held yesterday was important.
昨天开的会非常重要。
Who is the man working there
在那儿工作的那个人是谁？
The bike being repaired is mine.
正在修的自行车是我的。
Do you want to see the doctor to be sent for from Beijing
你想见那位将从北京请来的医生吗？
二、过去分词作宾补
1．过去分词作宾语补足语时，与宾语有着动宾关系，宾语是过去分词所表示的动作的承受者。
He watched the TV set carried out of the room.
他看着电视机被搬出了房间。
Last year they had the house rebuilt.
去年他们让人重建了房子。
He got up late and hurried to his office，leaving the breakfast untouched.
他起床晚了，没吃早饭就匆忙去上班了。
2．能够接过去分词作宾语补足语的动词(短语)有以下几类：
(1)表示感觉或心理状态的动词(短语)，如see，watch，observe，find，look at，hear，listen to，feel，notice，think等。
When we saw the road blocked with snow，we decided to spend the holiday at home.
当我们看到道路被雪封住后，我们决定在家过假期。
The next morning people found the world outside their houses completely changed.
第二天早上，人们发现他们房子外面的世界全变了样。
(2)表示“致，使”意义的动词，如have，make，get，keep，leave等。
Claire had her luggage checked an hour before her plane left.
在飞机起飞前一个小时克莱儿对行李进行了安检。
While they were on holiday，they had their car broken into.
他们在度假时，汽车被撬开了。
注意：“have＋宾语＋过去分词”可以表示三种含义：
①表示“让某人做某事”
I’ll have my hair cut tomorrow.
明天我要去理发。
②表示“遭遇某种不幸；受到打击”
He had his wallet stolen.
他的钱包被偷了。
③做某事(主语可能参与其中)
I had my house repaired last week.
上周，我修补了房子。
(3)表示“希望，要求”等意义的动词，如like，want，wish，order等。
The teacher doesn’t wish such questions(to be)discussed in class.
老师不希望在课堂上讨论这样的问题。
The police，finding the film unhealthy，ordered it banned.
警察发现这部电影不健康，令其禁演。
3．在“with＋宾语＋过去分词”结构中，过去分词用作介词with的宾语补足语，这一结构通常在句中作时间、方式、条件、原因等状语。
With water heated，we can see the steam.
水被加热，我们就会看到水蒸气。
She stood in front of him，with her eyes fixed on his face.
她站在他面前，眼睛注视着他的脸。
【参考答案】
自我归纳
1.定语 2.前面; 后面 3. 宾语补足语; 被动关系 4. find 5. get; haveUnit 4 Scientists who changed the world
Reading
表层理解
速读教材P44－45课文，完成下列任务
Ⅰ.阅读判断
判断以下句子提供的信息是正确，还是错误，还是没有提及。
1．Tu Youyou is the first Chinese scientist to receive a Nobel Prize.
A．Right.　　B．Wrong.　　C．Not mentioned.
2．Tu Youyou was born in Zhejiang Province and studied medicine at Zhejiang University.
A．Right. B．Wrong. C．Not mentioned.
3．Tu Youyou came from a wealthy family，which will be very helpful for her future education.
A．Right. B．Wrong. C．Not mentioned.
4．Tu and her team can bear hardships and are not afraid of difficulties.
A．Right. B．Wrong. C．Not mentioned.
Ⅱ.补全信息
选择正确选项填入空白处，补全所给句子提供的信息。
A．Inspired by an over 1，600yearold text about preparing qinghao extract with cold water
B．awarded for her contribution to the fight against malaria
C．Born in 1930
D．increased chance of survival
E．Even with large amounts of qinghao extract produced
1．Tu Youyou has become the first female scientist of the People's Republic of China to receive a Nobel Prize，______，one of the deadliest diseases in human history.
2．Thanks to Tu Youyou's discovery of qinghaosu，malaria patients all over the world now have had a greatly ________．
3．________，in Ningbo，Zhejiang Province，Tu studied medicine at university in Beijing between 1951 and 1955.
4．________，Tu redesigned the experiments and tried extracting the herb at a low temperature in order not to damage its effective part.
5．________，however，they still faced another problem.
Ⅲ.表格填空
Part Details
Summary Tu Youyou has become the first 1. scientist of the People's Republic of China to receive a Nobel Prize，awarded for her contribution―qinghaosu.The solutions to the problems that Tu and her team met with
during extracting qinghaosu ※ In the 1960s，many people 2. ，and in 1969 Tu became head of a team that intended to find a cure for the disease.She made hundreds of extracts from different herbs.When they failed to produce any promising results，Tu referred to the ancient books of traditional 3. again.4. by an over 1，600yearold text about preparing qinghao extract with cold water，Tu redesigned the experiments and tried extracting the herb at a low temperature.After many failures，she 5. making qinghao extract that could treat malaria in mice. ※ However，it was hard to produce enough qinghao extract for large trials，because research resources and good equipment were 6. ．They had to put qinghao into household water containers. ※ With large amounts of qinghao extract produced，however，they didn't have sufficient data to start 7. on real patients.8. speed up the process and ensure its safety，Tu and her team volunteered to test qinghao extract on themselves first.
Achievement The efforts of Tu and her team finally 9. ．In 1972，they successfully isolated the effective extract and named it 10. ．
深度感悟
细读教材P44－45课文，完成下列任务
Ⅰ.主旨匹配
段落 主旨大意
1.Part 1(Para. 1) 2.Part 2(Para. 2) 3.Part 3(Paras. 3-5) 4.Part 4(Para. 6) A.Succeeding in isolating qinghaosu and winning the Nobel Prize. B．Tu Youyou―the first female Chinese Nobel Prize winner. C．The brief introduction of Tu Youyou. D．The problems and solutions during extracting qinghaosu.
Ⅱ.单项选择
1．What's the main idea of the whole passage
A．Qinghaosu，a pure，stronger qinghao extract.
B．Tu Youyou，the first female Chinese Nobel Prize winner.
C．Tu Youyou's contribution to the traditional Chinese medicine.
D．Solutions to the problems that Tu and her team met with in extracting qinghaosu.
2．What's Tu Youyou's major at university
A．Science and nature. B．Agriculture.
C．Chinese medicine. D．Chemistry.
3．Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage
A．Tu Youyou only knows the traditional Chinese medicine.
B．Tu and her team discovered qinghaosu easily and smoothly.
C．Qinghaosu was discovered after many difficulties.
D．Tu was awarded the Nobel Prize as soon as qinghaosu was discovered.
4．What can be inferred from the passage
A．All sufferings have their reward.
B．There is no royal road to learning.
C．A man becomes learned by asking questions.
D．It is never too old to learn.
5．Where is the passage probably taken from
A．Fashion magazine.
B．Travel brochure.
C．Medicine report.
D．A news report in a newspaper.
Ⅲ.概要写作微技能(三)——提取关键词
阅读下列课文中的句子，并提取句中的关键词。
A．Tu Youyou has become the first female scientist of the People's Republic of China to receive a Nobel Prize，awarded for her contribution to the fight against malaria，one of the deadliest diseases in human history.
B．Tu's education was soon to prove very useful.
C．It was hard to produce enough qinghao extract for large trials because research resources were limited.
D．The trials on patients were likely to be postponed because they did not have sufficient safety data.
E．The efforts of Tu and her team finally paid off.
【参考答案】
表层理解
Ⅰ.1-4　BBCA
Ⅱ.1-5　BDCAE
Ⅲ.1.female 2.were dying of malaria 3.Chinese medicine 4.Inspired 5.succeeded in 6.limited 7.trials 8.To 9.paid off 10.qinghaosu
深度感悟
Ⅰ.1-4　BCDA
Ⅱ.1-5　BCCAD
Ⅲ.A．Tu Youyou，the first female scientist of the People's Republic of China
B．Tu's education
C．hard，research resources，limited
D．did not have sufficient data
E．The efforts，paid offWriting
写一篇关于节日的记叙文
文体指导
本单元的写作任务是写一篇和节日庆祝有关的叙事类记叙文。该类作文以叙述事件为主，要通过完整的故事情节和生动形象的语言，使读者在享受故事情节的同时有所感悟。写作时要注意把记叙文的六要素(时间、地点、人物、事件的起因、经过和结果)交代清楚。
[基本框架]
1．开头——点明文章主题。
2．主体——详细介绍经历。
3．结尾——简要归纳总结。
[常用词块]
1．wear special clothes 穿专门的衣服
2．eat special food 吃特殊的食物
3．gifts of toys for the children送给孩子们的玩具礼物
4．a family holiday合家度假
5．take part in a traditional ceremony 参加传统的仪式
6．dance and listen to music 听着音乐跳舞
7．enjoy yourself with friends or family 和朋友、家人一起玩得很开心
8．have a wonderful time过得愉快
9．a time of family reunion家庭团聚的日子
10．in honour of the great poet向这位伟大的诗人表示敬意
11．go on holiday together一起去度假
12．cook delicious food做美食
13．the custom dating back thousands of years追溯到几千年前的习俗
14．look forward to the New Year盼着过新年
15．on special occasions在特殊场合
16．set off fireworks燃放烟火
17．our traditional foods我们的传统食品
[常用语句]
精彩开头
1．The Mid-Autumn Festival，which falls on the fifteenth day of the eighth lunar month，is a festival with a history of about 2，000 years.
中秋节在农历八月的第十五天举行，是一个有着大约2 000年历史的节日。
2．As Teachers' Day was approaching，our class decided to hold a party to celebrate the important day for a change this year.
随着教师节的临近，今年为了换一种方式来庆祝这个重要的日子，我们班决定举办一场晚会。
3．The Mid-Autumn Festival is a traditional festival of China，which is actually a day for family reunion.
中秋节是中国的传统节日，实际上是家人团聚的日子。
4．I'd like to invite you to join us for a visit to the nearby nursing home next Saturday for the Double Ninth Festival.
我想邀请你下周六和我们一起去附近的敬老院过重阳节。
5．I was pleased that one of my pen pals in China invited me to stay with her during the past Spring Festival.
很高兴，我的一个中国笔友邀请我和她一起度过了上一个春节。
丰满主体
1．On the Eve of the Spring Festival，firstly，family members get together and have big meals. Secondly，they watch the Spring Festival Gala on TV.
除夕夜，首先，家庭成员聚在一起吃大餐。其次，他们在电视上看春节联欢晚会。
2．The Spring Festival in China is a special occasion for Chinese families to get together，so we visited some of her families and relatives together.
在中国，春节是家庭团聚的特殊日子，所以我们一起拜访了她的一些家人和亲戚。
3．We'll also spend some time together singing，dancing and playing games，which we hope will make them happy.
我们也会花一些时间在一起唱歌，跳舞和玩游戏，我们希望能让他们开心。
4．Besides，we tried some traditional foods，watched Dragon and Lion dance and participated in some other celebration activities，such as a temple fair.
此外，我们尝试了一些传统食品，看了舞龙舞狮，并参加了一些其他的庆祝活动，如庙会。
5．After the meal they watch TV until the clock strikes twelve.
饭后他们看电视，直到钟敲响十二点。
余味结尾
1．In my point of view，it's indeed worthwhile to explore a foreign culture.
在我看来，探索外国文化确实值得。
2．This is a time for relaxation and celebration when people usually take this opportunity to reunite with their families or have a rest.
这是一个放松和庆祝的时间，人们通常利用这个机会与家人团聚或休息。
3．Although it happened three years ago，I never forget the evening party.
虽然那是三年前的事了，但我从未忘记那个晚会。
4．This will be an unforgettable experience.
这将是一段难忘的经历。
5．Thus it can be seen that with the improvement of living standard，people begin to pursue a high quality of life.
由此可见，随着生活水平的提高，人们开始追求高质量的生活。
学以致用
假如你是李华，请根据下面五幅图画写一篇短文介绍你和家人庆祝春节的经过。
年夜饭　　　看春晚　　放鞭炮
吃饺子　　　　　大拜年
注意：1.词数80左右；
2．标题和开头已给出，不计入总词数。
参考词汇：春晚 the Spring Festival Gala；除夕夜 the Lunar New Year Eve
The Spring Festival
The Spring Festival was really full of fun._________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【参考答案】
[参考范文]
The Spring Festival
The Spring Festival was really full of fun. First，on the Lunar New Year Eve，we all gathered around having a big dinner. Then followed the Spring Festival Gala. As was reported，the Spring Festival Gala was really a hit. Many stars turned up on the stage，bringing us so much pleasure. The midnight saw us setting off the fireworks to celebrate the beginning of a new year. Then we ate dumplings. At dawn，we all dressed up and paid a visit door to door. We do hope we will have a good luck in the following new year.

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