资源简介

Unit 1 Wish you were here
Extended reading and Other parts
课文预读
An adventure in Africa
30 June, Morocco
My parents and I had just driven down the narrow mountain road from Marrakesh, with all its sharp bends, and had finally arrived at Merzouga. Before us stretched the unending① sand dunes② that marked the beginning of the Sahara[1]. A small boy walked past with a group of noisy goats③ as I took a long look at the yellow roadside sign that told us we were entering a “fragile④ natural environment”[2]. I made a resolution⑤ to respect and protect this unique landscape while I was here[3]. We set off⑥， our vehicle quietly running over the sand and small stones[4]. It wasn't long before we were surrounded by enormous sand dunes towering⑦ above us on all sides[5]. The wind was blowing grains⑧ of sand from the tops of the dunes, the sun was beating down⑨ hard and bright, and the sky was a deep shade of blue that I had never seen before[6]. The wild beauty of the desert was about to reveal itself. There was not a plant to be seen. The desert appeared completely empty, which was calming and threatening at the same time[7]. The colours of the dunes contrasted⑩ strikingly with the blue of the cloudless sky.
[1]that引导定语从句，修饰先行词sand dunes。
[2]本句中as引导时间状语从句；that引导定语从句，修饰先行词sign。
[3]while引导时间状语从句。
[4]our vehicle quietly running ...为独立主格结构。
[5]before引导时间状语从句；动词 ing形式短语towering ...作后置定语，修饰名词sand dunes。
[6]that引导定语从句，修饰先行词a deep shade of blue。
[7]which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰整个主句。
Eventually, as the last rays of sunlight were falling on the sand, we arrived at our desert camp. Stars were already shining brightly in the darkening sky and it was getting cold with the approach of the night. Three camels ， slowly chewing [8], were resting on their knees and watching our arrival with interest . “So, which one of you lucky animals will be my ride tomorrow？” I said out loud as I grabbed my bag and headed towards the warm campfire. I was starving and rushed to put a steak on the barbecue .
[8]动词 ing形式短语slowly chewing作伴随状语，修饰整个句子。
3 July, Kenya
A few days after our departure from the camp, our car was well and truly stuck in the mud21. We were very near to our rest camp in Amboseli National Park located on the border22 of Kenya when my father, against23 my mother's advice, decided to drive through a large pool of water that stretched across the dirt road[9]. Two tall slim local people were standing by the roadside watching us with amusement[10]. They must have realized that we were totally helpless, for after a few moments, they wandered over and pushed us free. My father smiled weakly and we drove on as my mother and I waved from the car window.
[9]that引导定语从句，修饰先行词pool of water。
[10]动词 ing形式短语watching us with amusement作状语。
We found a parking24 space next to our hut25， which was round and made from brick26[11]. The walls, painted brilliant white[12], reflected the afternoon sun. There were five similar huts, all lined up facing Mount Kilimanjaro, the highest mountain in Africa. The mountain rose up over the plains before us. Tall grasses and trees dotted27 the plains, which were alive with the African wildlife we had come to see[13]. Giraffes, with their long necks, were pulling leaves from the highest branches. In the distance, elephants were eating grass, ears flapping28 lazily[14] as they moved slowly over the plains. I had never seen anything like this before. It was indeed the greatest show on the Earth.
[11]which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词hut。
[12]动词 ed形式短语painted brilliant white作定语，修饰名词walls。
[13]which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词plains；we had come to see为定语从句，修饰先行词wildlife，从句中省略了关系代词which/that。
[14]ears flapping lazily为独立主格结构。
We got out of the car, carrying our suitcases and boxes of food into the hut[15]. I placed ham29 sandwiches, sausages30 and a bunch of31 bananas on a small wooden table. I returned to the car and fetched32 more possessions33. It was then that I noticed a small grey monkey sitting on a tree a few metres away and eating a banana.[16] “So cute，” I thought to myself, until I realized it was my banana that he was eating! He was looking at me intently34 as he enjoyed the final mouthful. I was sure he was saying, “Thank you.” “You're welcome，” I replied.
[15]动词 ing形式短语carrying ... hut作状语。
[16]本句为强调句型，强调时间状语then。
①unending adj.　 无尽的，源源不断的
②dune n. 沙丘
③goat n. 山羊
④fragile adj. 脆弱的；易碎的；精巧的
⑤resolution n. 决心，决定；决议；解决
⑥set off 出发
⑦tower vi. 高耸
⑧grain n. 细粒，颗粒；谷物
⑨beat down (阳光)强烈照射，曝晒
⑩contrast vi. 形成对比
vt. 对比，对照
n. 差异，差别；对照物
contrast with 与……形成对比
strikingly adv. 异乎寻常地；显著地
ray n. 光线，射线
with the approach of ... 随着……的来临
camel n. 骆驼
chew vi.& vt. 咀嚼，嚼碎；咬住
with interest 饶有兴趣地，兴致勃勃地
starve vi.& vt. (使)饿死，(使)挨饿
barbecue n. 烤架；户外烧烤
departure n. 离开，起程
be stuck in 被困在……中，陷入……困境
21. mud n. 泥，淤泥
22. border n. 国界，边界
vi.& vt. (与……)接壤
23. against prep. 违背，违抗(愿望、劝告或命令)
24. parking n. 停车；停车位
25. hut n. (简陋的)小屋，棚屋
26. brick n. 砖块；积木
27. dot vt. 遍布；使布满，
点缀；加点
n. 点
28. flap vi.& vt. 拍打，摆动；振(翅)
29. ham n. 火腿，火腿肉
30. sausage n. 香肠，腊肠
31. bunch n. 串，束；大量
a bunch of 一束，一把，一群
32. fetch vt. (去)拿来，(去)请来
33. possession n. 私人物品，个人财产；具有，拥有
34. intently adv. 热切地，专注地
[译文参考]
非洲探险
6月30日，摩洛哥
我的父母和我刚刚从马拉喀什开车沿着狭窄的山路走下，这条路有很多急转弯，最后到达了默佐加。在我们面前，绵延不绝的沙丘标志着撒哈拉沙漠的开始。一个小男孩带着一群吵闹的山羊走过，我看了很长时间路边的黄色标志，上面写着我们正在进入一个“脆弱的自然环境”。当我在这里的时候，我下定决心要尊重和保护这片独特的风景。我们出发了，我们的车静静地驶过沙滩和小石子。很快我们就被四周高耸的巨大沙丘包围住。风吹动着沙丘顶上的沙粒，阳光猛烈而耀眼地照射着，天空是我以前从未见过的深蓝色。沙漠的野性之美即将显露出来。一株植物也看不见。沙漠似乎完全空无一人，这里平静和威胁共存。沙丘的颜色与万里无云的蓝天形成了鲜明的对比。
最后，当最后一缕阳光落在沙滩上时，我们来到了沙漠营地。星星在昏暗的天空中明亮地闪烁着，随着夜晚的来临，天气变得越来越冷。三只骆驼慢慢地咀嚼着，跪在地上，饶有兴趣地看着我们的到来。“那么，你们哪一个幸运的动物明天会是我的坐骑？”我大声说，我拿起包朝温暖的篝火走去。我饿极了，急忙把牛排放在烤肉架上。
7月3日，肯尼亚
我们离开营地几天后，我们的车完全陷在泥里了。我们离肯尼亚边境安博塞利国家公园的休息营地非常近，当时我父亲不顾母亲的反对，决定开车穿过一个横跨土路的大水池。两个身材瘦高的当地人站在路边，兴致勃勃地看着我们。他们一定意识到我们会完全无助的，因为过了一会儿，他们走过来把我们推了出来。父亲懦弱地笑了笑，我们继续开车，我和母亲在车窗外挥手致意。
我们在小屋旁边找到了一个停车位，小屋是圆形的，是砖砌的。墙壁刷成了明亮的白色，反射着午后的阳光。有五间类似的小屋，都排成一排，面向非洲的最高山脉——乞力马扎罗山。这座山在我们面前的平原上拔地而起。高高的草和树点缀着平原，那里生活着我们所看到的非洲野生动物。长颈鹿长着长长的脖子，从最高的树枝上拽树叶。远处，大象正在吃草，耳朵懒洋洋地拍打着，慢慢地在平原上移动。我以前从未见过这样的事。这确实是世界上最伟大的演出。
我们下了车，提着手提箱和食品盒进了小屋。我把火腿三明治、香肠和一串香蕉放在一张小木桌上。我回到车上，又拿了些物品。就在那时，我注意到一只灰色的小猴子坐在几米外的树上吃香蕉。“好可爱，”我心想，直到我意识到他吃的是我的香蕉！当他享受完最后一口时，他聚精会神地看着我。我肯定他在说：“谢谢。”“不客气，”我回答。
课文理解
Ⅰ.Read and match the main idea with each paragraph.
Paragraph 1　A．Description of the huts and the surroundings.
Paragraph 2 B．Travel experience and scenery in the desert.
Paragraph 3 C．A funny thing after we have arrived at the huts.
Paragraph 4 D．Arriving at our desert camp.
Paragraph 5 E．Travel from the camp to our rest camp in Amboseli National Park.
答案：Paragraphs.1～5　BDEAC
Ⅱ.Read the text carefully and choose the best answer.
1．What do we know about the writer's trip from Marrakesh to Merzouga
A．The road is wide and flat.
B．The road is narrow and flat.
C．There are many sharp bends.
D．There are unending sand dunes.
2．What was the weather like during the writer's trip between Merzouga and his desert camp
A．Snowy.　　　　　 B．Rainy.
C．Cloudy. D．Sunny.
3．When did the writer arrive at his desert camp
A．In the morning. B．At noon.
C．At dusk. D．At midnight.
4．Which of the following descriptions of the hut is NOT true
A．It was round and made from brick.
B．The writer found a small grey monkey in it.
C．Its walls were brilliant white.
D．The family carried their suitcases and food into it.
5．Which of the following words can best describe the writer according to the last paragraph
A．Shy. B．Serious.
C．Honest. D．Humourous.
答案：1～5　CDCBD
Ⅲ.Master the key content of the text.
Judge the following statements True (T) or False (F)．
1．The writer travelled with his parents and brother. (F)
2．The writer decided to respect and protect this unique landscape there.(T)
3．The writer saw many plants during his trip to the desert camp.(F)
4．The writer was very hungry when he arrived at the desert camp.(T)
5．The writer's mother advised driving through a large pool of water. (F)
Ⅳ.Fill in the blanks using the proper words according to the text.
An adventure in Africa
My parents and I finally arrived at Merzouga. A yellow roadside sign told us that we were entering a “fragile natural environment”. I made a resolution 1.to_respect(respect) and protect this unique landscape while I was here. We set off, our vehicle quietly 2.running (run) over the sand and small stones. It wasn't long before we 3.were_surrounded (surround) by enormous sand dunes towering above us on all sides. The colours of the dunes contrasted strikingly 4.with the blue of the cloudless sky. Eventually, as the last rays of sunlight were falling on the sand, we 5.arrived (arrive) at our desert camp.
A few days after our 6.departure (depart) from the camp, our car was well and truly stuck in the mud. Two tall slim local people, 7.who were standing by the roadside, wandered over and pushed us free. In the distance, elephants were eating grass, ears flapping 8.lazily (lazy) as they moved slowly over the plains. It was indeed the 9.greatest (great) show on the Earth. I returned to the car and fetched more possessions. 10.It was then that I noticed a small grey monkey sitting on a tree a few metres away and eating a banana.
词句自主检测
Ⅰ.重点单词
1．cross the border 　　　　　　　 穿越边界
2．fetch a doctor 去请医生
3．contrast sharply with 与……形成鲜明的对比
4．chew the food slowly 慢慢地咀嚼食物
5．a bunch of red roses 一束红玫瑰
6．his sudden departure 他的突然离去
7．the polar regions 极地地区
8．two black dots 两个黑点
9．transform from liquid to solid 从液体变为固体
10．We can park the cars here because I have found a free parking space. (park)
11．Last year's drought starved many people to death, and more people are facing starvation now. (starve)
12．He used to be possessed of a big company but now all his possessions are lost in a big fire. (possess)
13．Your problems won't be resolved if you do nothing so you should make a resolution now. (resolve)
14．We should work together to create a harmonious society where everyone can live in harmony with each other. (harmony)
15．After moving into his new flat, he furnished his house with many pieces of new furniture. (furnish)
1．“财富，财产”相关名词小聚
①fortune　　　　　 ②treasure
③wealth ④possession
⑤property ⑥riches
2．“动词＋ ing”转换为名词
①warn→warning　　　　　　　 警告
②understand→understanding 理解
③suffer→suffering 痛苦；苦难
④train→training 训练
⑤say→saying 谚语
⑥park→parking 停车；停车位　　　　
Ⅱ.重点短语
1．Her parents kissed her goodbye as she set_off (出发) from her home.
2．When the sun beats_down (强烈曝晒), it is very hot and bright.
3．We arrived at the meeting late because our car was_stuck_in (被困在……中) the traffic jam.
4．With_the_approach_of (随着……的来临) winter, many animals begin collecting food.
5．This cold weather contrasts_with (与……形成对比) last week's heat.
6．Speaking of football, he would continue saying it with_interest (饶有兴趣地).
7．He bought a_bunch_of (一串) bananas for his daughter on the way home.
Ⅲ.典型句式
1.
教材原句 In the distance, elephants were eating grass, ears flapping lazily as they moved slowly over the plains. 远处，大象正在吃草，耳朵懒洋洋地拍打着，慢慢地在平原上移动。
句式分析 独立主格结构
佳句仿写 Tom lay on the lawn, his_eyes_looking_at_the_sky. 汤姆躺在草坪上，眼睛看着天空。
2.
教材原句 It was then that I noticed a small grey monkey sitting on a tree a few metres away and eating a banana. 就在那时，我注意到一只灰色的小猴子坐在几米外的树上吃香蕉。
句式分析 强调句型
佳句仿写 It_was_at_a_birthday_party_that we met up again. 在一次生日晚会上我们又见面了。
重点词汇
1．resolution n．决心，决定；决议；解决
(教材p.11)I made a resolution to respect and protect this unique landscape while I was here.
当我在这里的时候，我下定决心要尊重和保护这片独特的风景。
(1)pass/adopt/reject a resolution 通过/采纳/否决一项决议
a resolution to do sth 做某事的决心
make a resolution to do sth 下定决心做某事
(2)resolve vt. 决定，决心；解决(问题或困难)
resolve an issue/a dispute/a conflict/a crisis解决问题/争端/冲突/危机
resolve to do sth 决心/决定(做)某事
[佳句]　Always bear in mind that your own resolution to succeed is more important than any other thing.
永远记住，你自己成功的决心比其他任何东西都重要。
[练透]　单句语法填空
①They made a resolution to_lose (lose) all the weight gained during the Spring Festival.
②There are hopes that the conflict can be_resolved (resolve) without violence.
③The nurse resolved to_report (report) the matter to the hospital's nursing manager.
[写美]　一句多译
④她小时候就决心成为一名舞蹈演员。
→She made_a_resolution_to_become a dancer when she was very young. (resolution)
→She resolved_to_become a dancer when she was very young. (resolve)
2．contrast vi.形成对比vt.对比，对照 n．差异，差别；对照物
(教材p.11)The colours of the dunes contrasted strikingly with the blue of the cloudless sky.
沙丘的颜色与万里无云的蓝天形成了鲜明的对比。
(1)contrast ...with/and ... 把……和……相对比
contrast with (通过对比)和……显出差异；和……形成对照
(2)in contrast with/to 与……相比(对照)
by contrast 与……相反；相比之下 (相当于副词)
(3)contrasting adj. (在式样、颜色或态度上)极不相同的，迥异的
[佳句]　Her actions contrasted sharply with her promises.
她的行动与她的诺言形成鲜明的对照。
[练透]　单句语法填空
①Contrast fresh vegetables with/and frozen ones and you'll find the fresh ones taste better.
②Most people work because it's unavoidable. By contrast, there are some people who actually enjoy work.
③They hold contrasting (contrast) views on whether to buy the house or not.
④In contrast with/to my previous impression, the atmosphere here is not tense at all.
[写美]　补全句子
⑤His enthusiastic attitude contrasts_sharply_with that of other people.
他的热情态度与其他人形成鲜明的对比。
3．dot vt.遍布；使布满，点缀；加点n.点
(教材p.12)Tall grasses and trees dotted the plains, which were alive with the African wildlife we had come to see.
高高的草和树点缀着平原，那里生活着我们所看到的非洲野生动物。
(1)be dotted with 　　　 点缀着……，布满了……
(2)on the dot 准时地；在指定的时刻
[练透]　单句语法填空
①The helicopters looked like two black dots (dot) in the sky.
②He's very punctual and always arrives on the dot.
③Everything looked quite romantic under the night sky dotted (dot) with thousands of stars.
[写美]　补全句子
④The lawn is_dotted_with various colors of small flowers.
草地上点缀着各种颜色的小花。
4．bunch n．串，束；大量
(教材p.12)I placed ham sandwiches, sausages and a bunch of bananas on a small wooden table.
我把火腿三明治、香肠和一串香蕉放在一张小木桌上。
a bunch of 　　　　　　　　 一群；一束；一扎
the best/pick of the bunch 出类拔萃的人(或事物)；精英；精品
[佳句]　He sent her a bunch of flowers.
他给她送了一束花。
[练透]　单句语法填空
①The girl bunched (bunch) the flowers and sold them at two dollars each bunch.
②He presented a bunch of flowers to the honored guest.
[写美]　补全句子
③The pears in this basket are the_best/pick_of_the_bunch:_sweet, juicy and delicious.
这篮子里的梨是精品，美味多汁，香甜可口。
[点津]　bunch还可用作动词，意为“(使)变紧；(使)成皱褶”。
5．possession n．私人物品，个人财产；具有，拥有
(教材p.12)I returned to the car and fetched more possessions.
我回到车上，又拿了些物品。
(1)be in possession of 　　　　 拥有……(主语为人)
be in the possession of (某物)为(某人)所拥有/控制
take possession of 占有，占据，拥有
(2)possess vt. 有，拥有；支配，控制
be possessed of 具有某种品质(或特征)
[佳句]　You have to learn to take care of your possessions.
你得学会保管好自己的财物。
[练透]　单句语法填空
①Now he is in possession of a big company and has a high position in society now.
②Now the old house is in the possession of the government.
③Though plain looking, Mary is possessed of extraordinary intelligence.
[写美]　补全句子
④We can't take_possession_of the house until all the papers have been signed.
直到所有的文件都签字以后，我们才能拥有这座房子。
词汇深度理解
1．starve vi.& vt.(使)饿死，(使)挨饿
单句语法填空
①Drought has left more than two million people close to starvation (starve).
②More food supplies are needed to feed the starving (starve) population.
2．departure n．离开，起程；背离
写出下列句中departure的词性及含义
①A computer screen shows arrival and departure times. n．离开，起程
②The choice of colour represents a departure from his usual style. n．背离
3．border n．国界，边界vi.& vt.(与……)接壤
写出下列句中border的词性及含义
①No one can cross the national border without formal permit. n．国界，边界
②The United States borders on Canada in the north and Mexico in the south. vt.(与……)接壤
重点句式
句型公式：独立主格结构
(教材p.12)In the distance, elephants were eating grass, ears flapping lazily as they moved slowly over the plains.
远处，大象正在吃草，耳朵懒洋洋地拍打着，慢慢地在平原上移动。
独立主格结构是由名词或代词加上分词等构成的一种结构，在形式上与主句没有关系，在句中主要起状语作用，相当于一个状语从句。独立主格结构基本构成形式如下：
(1)名词(代词)＋动词 ing形式(表示主动和正在进行)
(2)名词(代词)＋动词 ed形式(表示被动和已完成)
(3)名词(代词)＋动词不定式(表示将要发生的动作)
(4)名词(代词)＋形容词/副词/介词短语(用来说明名词或代词的性质、特征或所处的状态)
[佳句]　More time given, we should have done the job much better.
如果给我们更多的时间，我们会把工作做得更好。
[练透]　单句语法填空
①The girl staring (stare) at him, he didn't know what to say.
②All things considered (consider), you'd better invite him to your birthday party.
③So much housework to_do (do), my mother will not have time to go shopping this afternoon.
[写美]　句型转换
④Her glasses were broken, so she couldn't see the words on the blackboard.
→Her_glasses_broken,_she couldn't see the words on the blackboard.
⑤Here are the first two volumes and the third one will come out next month.
→Here are the first two volumes, the_third_one_to_come_out_next_month.Unit 1 Wish you were here
Grammar and usage
学习目标学习目标
1、学会本节单词、短语。
2、掌握本节句型表达与运用。
知识运用
1. surrounding
词性： _______________ 意思：_____________
be surrounded by/with被……环绕/包围
surround vt.环绕，围绕；包围
surrounding adj.周围的，附近的
surroundings n.环境
练习：Steve arrived and sat in the front row, _______________ (被他的家人团团围住).
2. harmony
词性： _______________ 意思：_____________
in harmony with... 与……融洽/和睦
live/work in harmony 和睦/融洽地生活/工作
harmonious adj.(关系）友好和睦的，和谐的
练习：Deeply touched, Nancy felt extremely fortunate in living in such a _________ (harmony) family.
3. manner
词性： _______________ 意思:_____________
in a(n)…manner 以……方式
table manners餐桌礼仪
have good/bad manners 有礼貌/没礼貌
It is good/bad manners to do sth.做某事是礼貌/不礼貌的。
练习：It is good manners for an Arab ___________ (stand) close to his friend when they are talking.
语法精讲
非限制性定语从句
非限制性定语从句往往是对先行词或整个主句进行附加说明，主从句的关系并不十分密切，如果省略非限制性定语从句，主句的意义仍然完整清楚。从句和主句之间往往用逗号隔开。
一、非限制性定语从句的关系词
关系词 所指 所作成分
关系代词 who 指人 主语
whom 指人 宾语（不能省略，不能用 who替代）
which 指代整个主句或主句的一部分 主语/宾语等
whose 指人或指物 定语
as 指代整个主句或主句的一部分 主语/宾语等
关系副词 when 时间名词 时间状语
where 通常是地点名词 地点状语
Mr Zhang, who came to see me yesterday, is an old friend of my father.
张先生是我父亲的一位老朋友，昨天他来看我了。
Peter, whom you met in London, is now back in Paris.
彼得现在回巴黎了，你在伦敦见过他。
Laura couldn't come to our party, which was a pity.
劳拉不能来参加我们的聚会，这真遗憾。
Jack told me he would join the Poetry Club, which surprised me greatly.
杰克告诉我他要加入诗歌俱乐部，这让我很吃惊。
That evening, which I will tell you more about later, I ended up working very late.
那天晚上我工作到很晚，稍后我会告诉你更多关于那天晚上的事。
Mr Smith, whose daughter went to Tsinghua University last year, retired yesterday.
史密斯先生昨天退休了，他女儿去年上了清华大学。
Mr Brown has written a novel, whose name I completely remember.
布朗先生写了部小说，我完全记得它的书名。
More and more people in the world, as we see, have come to realize the significance of pollution control.
正如我们所见，世界上越来越多的人已经意识到控制污染的重要性。
The story in the book happened in Canada, where Norman Bethune was born.
书中的故事发生在加拿大，白求恩大夫就是在那里出生的。
I left on Sunday, when everyone was at home.
我星期日离开的，那天所有人都在家。
注意：
as引导非限制性定语从句时常用于以下结构：as we all know/as is known to all众所周知，as is often the case情况常常如此，as is hoped正如所希望的那样，as was expected/as we had expected正如所预料的那样，as has been said above 如上所述。
As is well known to all/As we all know, the famous American writer, Mark Twain, wrote many humorous stories.
众所周知，著名的美国作家马克·吐温写了很多幽默的故事。
as和which引导非限制性定语从句的区别
关系代词 意义 从句位置
as 正如，就像 可位于句首、句中或句末
which 这一点，这/那 一般位于主句之后
二、与限制性定语从句的区别
区别 限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句
形式 不用逗号与主句隔开。如： I still remember the teacher who taught us English. 我仍记得教我们英语的那个老师。 用逗号与主句隔开。如： I still remember the English teacher, who taught us a lot.我仍记得那个英语老师，他/她教了我们很多。
意义 是先行词不可缺少的定语，如省略，主句意义将不完整。如： This is the book (which/that) he lost yesterday. 这就是他昨天丢的那本书。 只是对先行词或整个主句的附加说明，如省略，主句意义仍然完整、明确。如： The book, which he lost yesterday, has been found. 那本书已经找到了，是他昨天丢的。
译法 通常译成先行词的定语。如： He is the man who lives next to me.他就是住在我隔壁的那个人。 通常译成与主句并列的分句。如： He is a generous man, who lives next to me. 他是一个慷慨的人，住在我隔壁。
关系词的使用 1.作宾语时可省略 2.可用that 1.不可省略 2.不可用that
三、非限制性定语从句需要注意的问题
1.that不能引导非限制性定语从句。
2.非限制性定语从句常常位于句末，但也可位于句中，这时前后都需要用逗号隔开。
Disneyland, which consists of several theme areas, is a popular tourist destination.
迪士尼乐园是颇受欢迎的旅游目的地，包括好几个主题园区。
3.“介词+关系代词”也可以引导非限制性定语从句。先行词指人时关系代词用whom，不可用who/that；先行词指物时关系代词用which,不能用that。
In our class there are 46 students, of whom half wear glasses.
我们班有46名学生，其中有一半戴眼镜。
The colourless gas, without which we can't live, is called oxygen.
这种无色的气体就是氧气，离了它我们无法生存。
4.“名词/代词/数词+介词of+关系代词”引导的定语从句通常是非限制性定语从句。
Julie is good at German, French and Russian, all of which she speaks fluently.
朱莉擅长德语、法语和俄语，所有这些语言她说得都很流利。
Her sons, both of whom work abroad, ring her up every week.
她的两个儿子每周都给她打电话，他们都在国外工作。
注意：“名词+介词of+关系代词”有时可以用“whose+名词”或“of+关系代词+名词”替换。
那幢楼房曾经被整修过，但在一场大火中，楼顶又被烧毁了。
The building had been repaired, the roof of which was destroyed again in a big fire.
The building had been repaired, of which the roof was destroyed again in a big fire.
The building had been repaired, whose roof was destroyed again in a big fire.
练习：
1. The very first Federal Duck Stamp was designed by J. N. “Ding” Darling, a political cartoonist from Des Moines, Iowa, _______at that time was appointed by President Franklin Roosevelt as Director of the Bureau of Biological Survey.
2. Dr. Rowan, _______ secretary resigned two weeks ago, has had to do all his own typing.
3. A 90-year-old has been awarded “Woman Of The Year” for being Britain’s oldest full-time employee—still working 40 hours a week. Now Irene Astbury works from 9am to 5pm daily at the pet shop in Maccles field, ________ she opened with her late husband Les.
4. For this work, titled “Truckload of Plastic,” Von Wong and a group of volunteers collected more than 10, 000 pieces of plastic, ______ were then tied together to look like they’d been
dumped(倾倒) from a truck all at once.
5. When walking down the street, I came across David, _______ I hadn’t seen for years.
6. _________ is often the case with children, Amy was better by the time the doctor arrived.
7. It was a big deal for us to load up and go to the local library, ________ my kids could pick out books to read or books they wanted me to read to them.
8. My life as a tax-paying employed person began in middle school, ________, for three whole days, I worked in a baking factory.
【参考答案】
知识运用
词性：形容词 意思：周围的，附近的
1. surrounded by his family
词性：名词 意思：融合，和睦；和谐
2. harmonious
词性：名词 意思：方式，方法；举止；（manners）礼貌
3. to stand
语法解析
1.who 2.whose 3.which 4.which 5.whom 6.As 7.where 8.whenUnit 1 Wish you were here
Integrated skills
写一篇关于旅行的计划
[写作指津]
本单元写作要求为写一篇关于旅行计划的邮件。要求对旅行的地点、时间和出行方式等进行准确的描述，注意描述的重点和顺序。
[词句助力]
一、写作常用词汇
1．destination n．　　　　　 目的地
2．take a tour 游览
3．set out/off 出发
4．a seven day trip 七日游
5．enjoy the scenery 欣赏风景
6．leave for 动身去某地
二、写作常用句式
1．I'm writing to tell you something about my travel plan.
我写信是想告诉你我的旅行计划。
2．I have an exciting travelling plan to share with you.
我想和你分享一个令人兴奋的旅行计划。
3．The May Day is coming/approaching, and I am going to travel to Shanghai to see its beautiful scenery.
五一就要到了，我要去上海旅游，看看它的美丽风景。
4．We'll be leaving at 8:00 in the morning and a school bus is available for us at the school gate. 我们将在早上八点离开，校车将在校门口等候我们。
5．I'm planning to go there by train and come back by bus.
我计划乘火车去那儿，乘公共汽车回来。
6．I think it is a wise choice to travel during winter as the air fare is cheaper.
我认为冬天旅行是个明智的选择，因为飞机票更便宜。
7．Would you like to join me
你想和我一起去吗？
8．Looking forward to your early reply.
期待你尽快回复。
[典题导学]
假定你是李华，寒假即将来临，你打算和父母去上海游玩。请给你的好友Mary写一封邮件，分享你的出行计划。
要点：1.1月21日下午2点左右从济南乘高铁去上海，到达后入住预订酒店，休息一晚；
2．第二天上午参观上海科技馆，下午登上东方明珠塔，欣赏上海全貌；
3．1月23日乘高铁返回。
注意：1.词数80左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考词汇：高铁high speed railway；上海科技馆Shanghai Science and Technology Museum；东方明珠塔the Oriental Pearl Tower
[五步成文]
第一步：审题谋篇很关键
审题 审人称：第一人称为主
审时态：一般将来时为主
谋篇 1.确定写作主题：介绍旅行计划； 2．确定写作要点：旅行的目的地、出发及返回时间、出行方式、旅行景点等； 3．确定常用的表达方式：定语从句； 4．确定前后逻辑的衔接； 5．注意细节，如拼写、标点符号或句式结构等。
语言 要注意逻辑顺序
第二步：核心词汇想周全
1．book vt.　　　　　　　　　　 预约；预订
2．share_sth_with_sb 和某人分享某事
3．set_off_from_...for_... 从……动身去……
4．in_advance 提前
5．enjoy_the_whole_view_of_... 欣赏……的全景
第三步：由词扩句雏形现
1．我写信是想和你分享我的旅行计划。
I'm writing to share_my_travel_plan_with_you.
2．我将和父母去上海进行三天的旅行。
I will have_a_three day_trip to Shanghai with my parents.
3．我们将于1月21日下午2点左右乘高铁从济南动身去上海。
We will set_off_from_Jinan_for_Shanghai by the high speed railway at 2：00 pm on 21 January.
4. 一到达上海，我们将入住一家酒店。
Upon_arriving_in_Shanghai,_we will live in a hotel.
5．我们已经提前在网上预订了这个酒店。
We have_booked_the_hotel online in advance.
6．我们将在下午登上东方明珠塔，在那里欣赏上海的全景。
We will climb up the Oriental Pearl Tower in the afternoon, and we will enjoy_the_whole_view_of Shanghai there.
第四步：句式升级造亮点
1．将句4和句5合并为含有定语从句的句子。
Upon_arriving_in_Shanghai,_we_will_live_in_the_hotel_that_we_have_booked_online_in_advance.
2．将句6改为含有“介词＋关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句的句子。
We_will_climb_up_the_Oriental_Pearl_Tower_in_the_afternoon,_from_where_we_will_enjoy_the_whole_view_of_Shanghai.
第五步：过渡衔接连成篇
Dear Mary，
How is everything going I'm writing to share my travel plan with you.
I will have a three-day trip to Shanghai with my parents. We will set off from Jinan for Shanghai by the high-speed railway at 2：00 pm on 21 January. Upon arriving in Shanghai, we will live in the hotel that we have booked online in advance. On the second day, we will visit Shanghai Science and Technology Museum in the morning. Besides, we will climb up the Oriental Pearl Tower in the afternoon, from where we will enjoy the whole view of Shanghai. On 23 January, we will take the high-speed railway back.
How about the plan for your winter holiday I am looking forward to your reply.
Yours，
Li Hua
[即时演练]　
假定你是Tom，你打算今年10月份来中国旅游，请写一封邮件告诉你的中国笔友李华你的旅行计划，并征求他的建议。
第一站：北京 长城the Great Wall 紫禁城the Forbidden City
第二站：山东 泰山Mount Tai
第三站：杭州 西湖the West Lake
注意：
1.词数80左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Li Hua，
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours，
Tom
【参考范文】
Dear Li Hua，
I'm glad to tell you that I'm going to visit China in October.
First, I'll visit Beijing, where I am looking forward to enjoying the Great Wall, the Forbidden City and some beautiful parks. Then I intend to go to visit Mount Tai in Shandong Province. I've heard that it is one of the most famous mountains in China and I can't wait to enjoy the amazing sunrise there. After that, I am also going to visit Hangzhou. It is said that it is a beautiful modern city with breathtaking natural sights, among which the West Lake is a well known tourist attraction.
What do you think of my travel plan Would you please be my guide I'm looking forward to your early reply.
Yours，
Tom
核心词汇
1．make one's way to去，前往
(教材p.9)Make your way to the main hall and admire the 8.8 metre high statue of the Buddha.
前往主殿，瞻礼8.8米高的佛像。
by the way 　　　　　　　 顺便说一句
under way 在进行中
in the/sb's way 妨碍……；挡某人的路
in a way 在某种程度上
on the way (to) 在(去……)的途中
give way to 向……让步，向……妥协；被……替代
[佳句]　After we got off the train we made our way to the hotel.
我们下了火车后，就前往宾馆。
[练透]　单句语法填空
①Don't stand in the way. Move aside and let others pass.
②Tom has just finished his task. By the way, do you think Tom is qualified for the job
③I disagreed with him, although in a way he was correct.
④My car broke down on the way (to) work so I had to push it to a garage.
⑤Investigation into the cause of the accident is under way.
⑥I believe old farming methods should give way to improved modern ones.
[写美]　补全句子
⑦She made_her_way_to_the_kitchen,_hoping to find someone preparing dinner.
她前往厨房，希望看到有人在准备晚饭。
2．furniture n．家具
(教材p.9)Appreciate amazing antiques, including Ming vases and Qing furniture.
欣赏令人惊奇的古董，包括明代花瓶和清代家具。
(1)furnish vt.　　　　　 布置；为(房间或建筑物)配备家具
furnish ...with ... 用……装备……；向……提供/供应……
be furnished with ... 陈设着……；安装有……
(2)furnished adj. 配备好装备的；带家具的
[佳句]　They made a clean sweep of their old furniture and replaced it with brand new pieces. 他们把旧家具全部去掉，换成全新的。
[练透]　单句语法填空
①All the furniture in my grandparents' room is (be) made of wood.
②My father liked to furnish his room with a great deal of Chinese style furniture.
③Though simply furnished (furnish), the room of my grandmother is very clean and tidy.
[写美]　补全句子
④The scientist's bedroom is_furnished_with_the_simplest_furniture.
这位科学家的卧室里陈设着最简单的家具。
[点津]　furniture是表示总称的物质名词，它没有复数形式；如果要表示“量”，可用much、little、a little、a lot of或者lots of等修饰，但是绝不能用many、few、a few等修饰；如果要表示“数”，则可以用a piece of、an article of、an item of等修饰。Unit 1　Wish you were here
Welcome to the unit & Reading
学习目标
1、学会本节单词、短语。
2、掌握本节句型表达与运用。
知识运用
1. distinct
词性：_________ 意思：________
distinctly adv.清楚地；明显地；非常
distinction n.差别；区别；优秀；特质
distinctive adj.独特的；特别的；有特色的
distinguish v.区分；辨别；分清
distinguished adj.著名的；卓越的；显得重要的；高贵的；有尊严的
练习：He could remember everything very _____________ (distinct).
2. minority
词性：_________ 意思：________
be in a/the minority 占少数；成为少数派
be in a minority of one 是唯一持不同意见者/投此票者
a/the minority of少数……
the rights of ethnic/racial minorities少数民族/族裔的权利
minority languages少数民族语言
minor adj.较小的；次要的n.未成年人；辅修科目v.辅修
major adj.主要的；重要的 n.少校；专业课v.主修
majority n.大部分；大多数；（获胜的）票数；多数票
练习：A minority of their interest __________ (sell) to the public and is traded on the stock market.
3. depth
词性：_________ 意思：________
be out of one's depth在水深没顶（或够不着底）的地方；为某人力所不及
in depth全面；深入；详细
deep adj.深的，厚的；纵深的，宽的adv.深深地
deeply adv.很，非常，极其；深刻地
deepen v.（使情感、感觉等）加强，（使）恶化；（使）变深
练习：Humans may be able to live in the _________ (depth) of the ocean some day.
阅读探究
1. Where are the grand Rocky Mountains
2. What can reflect the diversity of Canada's residents
3. In what ways can you feel the subcultures there
4. What can you do on Cape Breton Island
5. What makes Canada a unique place to live and visit
句型梳理
1. Wish you were here. 希望你在这。
语法：wish后接宾语从句用虚拟语气的用法
（1）表示与现在事实相反的愿望时，从句的谓语动词用一般过去时：did/be (be动词通常用 were)。
I wish I knew what was going to happen.但愿我能知道将要发生什么事。
She wishes she were a bird and could fly in the sky.
她希望她是一只鸟，能够在天空中飞翔。
（2）表示与过去事实相反的愿望时，从句的谓语动词用过去完成时：had done。
How he wished he had attended the meeting!
他多么希望他参加了会议！
I wish I had taken your advice.要是我那时听从你的建议就好了。
（3）表示与将来相关的不太可能的愿望时，从句的谓语动词用“would/could/might +动词原形”形式。
How I wish I could have a good holiday this Spring Festival!
我多么希望这个春节我能有一个愉快的假期啊！
2. Canada is like a blooming flower, unfolding with breathtaking beauty and richness to win the heart of those who enjoy what it has to offer.
加拿大就像一朵盛开的鲜花，以惊人的美丽和丰富的姿态绽放着，赢得了那些享受它所提供的一切的人的心。
语法：“with+名词+非谓语动词”复合结构的用法
此复合结构在句中通常作状语，表示伴随、方式、原因或条件等。其中的非谓语动词可以为现在分词（短语）、过去分词（短语）、动词不定式等，即现在分词（短语）：doing（表示主动或动作正在进行）
with+宾语+过去分词（短语）：done(表示被动或动作已完成）
动词不定式：to do（表示动作尚未进行）
（1）“with+名词+现在分词（短语）”的复合结构。
当名词后面的非谓语动词所表示的动作与名词之间是主动关系时，使用现在分词（短语）作宾语补足语。
Now he can walk only with Jim supporting him.
现在他只能在吉姆的搀扶下走路了。
He fell asleep with the light turning on.他开着灯睡着了。
注意：在这个结构中，名词是现在分词的逻辑主语。
（2）“with+名词+过去分词（短语）”的复合结构。
当名词后面的非谓语动词所表示的动作与名词之间是被动关系时，使用过去分词（短语）做宾语补足语。
With the problem solved, we have actually finished this work.
问题解决了，我们实际上已经完成了这项工作。
He stood for an instant with his hand still raised.
他站了一会儿，手还举着。
With the trees grown tall, we can get more and more wood.
随着树木的长高，我们可以得到越来越多的木材。
注意：在这个结构中，非谓语动词若是及物动词，则与前面的名词应是被动关系；若是不及物动词，则与前面的名词是主动关系。
（3）“with+名词+动词不定式”的复合结构。
当名词后面的非谓语词所表示的动作还未发生时，使用动词不定式作宾语补足语。
With so many books to read, he couldn't go to see the film with me.
由于有很多书要看，他不能和我一起去看电影。
With so much work to do, I won't be free today.
由于有这么多工作要做，我今天没空。
Here are the two volumes, with the 3rd one to come out next week.
这儿有两册，第三册下个星期出版。
3. Should you find yourself in one of these subcultures, languages, cuisine, architecture, art and music will define your encounter.
如果你发现自己置身于其中一种亚文化中，那么（它的）语言、饮食、建筑、艺术和音乐都会说明你邂逅的是何种文化。
语法：连词if的省略
在含有虚拟语气的条件句中，若含有should，had或者were等词，可以把连词if省略，再把should，had或were放在主语的前面。
Should I have 200,000 yuan, I would buy a good car.
我要是有20万元，我就会买一辆好车。
Had he come yesterday, he would have known it.
如果他昨天来的话，他早就知道了。
Were he here now, he would certainly help me.
他要是现在在这里肯定会帮我的忙。
Were they to get married they would not be happy.他们要是结了婚，他们是不会幸福的。
注意含有否定词的虚拟语气条件句的省略：
If it hadn't been for the PLA, we wouldn't have been able to beat the flood.
=Had it not been for the PLA, we wouldn't have been able to beat the flood.
要不是中国人民解放军，我们是无法战胜洪水的。
在这种情况下，一旦句子使用了省略，就必须把hadn't分开，把否定词not放在主语之后，不可写成Hadn't it been for…的形式。
【参考答案】
知识运用
词性：形容词 意思：截然不同的，有区别的，不同种类的；清楚的，清晰的
1. distinctly
词性：名词 意思：少数民族，少数群体；少数，少数人
2. is/has been sold
词性：名词 意思：最深处；深（度）；深刻；深厚
3. depths
阅读探究
1. They are in the east of the Pacific coast.
2. Canada's many rural areas and urban centers.
3. When we encounter the languages, cuisine, architecture, art and music there.
4. We can dance to fiddle tunes and enjoy the cultures and traditions of Celtic settlers.
5. Canada's geographical wonders, ethnic groups and their cultures.

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