资源简介

专题 06 阅读理解（说明文）
主题 01 人与自我
Passage 1
（24-25 高一下·浙江杭州·期中）
Jason, a straight-A student from the University of Pennsylvania, uses the term
“pseudo-working” to describe how many of us study. The pseudo-worker looks and feels like
someone who is working hard — he or she spends a long time in the library and is not afraid to push on late into the night — but, because of a lack of focus and concentration, he or she doesn’t actually accomplish much.
This phenomenon can be seen in most colleges. For example, at Dartmouth there was a
section of the main library that was open twenty-four hours a day and the students I used to see in there late at night crowded in groups, drinking coffee, were definitely pseudo-working.
By placing themselves in distracting environments and insisting on working long hours,
these students are damaging their brain’s ability to think clearly and efficiently to accomplish the task at hand. In the end they get half the results with twice the effort.
The bigger problem here is that most students don’t even realize that they’re
pseudo-working. To them pseudo-working is work — it’s how they’ve always done it, and it’s
how all of their friends do it. It never crosses their mind that there might be a better way.
Straight-A students, on the other hand, know all about pseudo-working. They fear it, and for good reason it not only wastes time, but it’s also mentally tiring.
In fact, the most important skill in becoming a better student is the ability to get work done quickly and with a minimum of wasted effort. Some cognitive science research concludes that
about 50 minutes is the optimal learning period to maximize the material learned per time unit.
So how can students manage to study efficiently? One key factor is captured in the
following simple formula: work accomplished = time spent×intensity of focus. Pseudo-working features a very low intensity of focus. Therefore, to accomplish something by pseudo-working,
you need to spend a lot of time. The straight-A approach, on the other hand, maximizes intensity in order to minimize time.
1 ．Which of the following phenomenon is an example of pseudo-working?
A ．Tom is busy taking notes while attending a lecture.
B ．Alice and Sara are sitting on the sofa reading their favorite books.
C ．Mike is sitting in the study room in preparation for a final exam quietly.
D ．Jack spends a long time in the library on his essay while listening to music.
2 ．What can be inferred from paragraph 3 and 4?
A ．Straight-A students believe some tasks are worth twice the effort.
B ．Too much thinking may weaken the brain’s ability of the students.
C ．Negative effects of pseudo-working are not fully realized by many students.
D ．Students will get good grades once they realize that pseudo-working is ineffective.
3 ．What does the underlined word “optimal’ mean in paragraph 5?
A ．Longest. B ．Best. C ．Least. D ．Effective.
4 ．Why does the author mention the formula in the text?
A ．To show the benefit of working hard.
B ．To prove the necessity of accomplishing work.
C ．To emphasize the importance of concentration.
D ．To explain the reason for spending much time.
Passage 2
（24-25 高一下·浙江宁波·期中）
Whether it is the childhood friend who had a baby or the thoughtful neighbor who moved away, many people can think of someone they care about but have lost touch with when they look at the contact list on their phones.
Research from across the social sciences has consistently shown that social relationships are critical for mental and physical health. However, a paper published in Nature Communications
Psychology, based on a series of studies conducted with more than 2,400 participants, discovered that people are surprisingly hesitant to initiate interactions to reconnect. There are various barriers to reaching out, many of which are identified similar to the ones that prevent people from talking
to strangers. This similarity made researchers wonder whether the passage of time makes old friends feel like strangers.
In one study, researchers asked 288 people how willing they were to engage in various
everyday actions, including picking up garbage, booking a dentist appointment, and critically,
talking to a stranger. Sure enough, people were no more willing to reach out to an old friend than the listed things.
Researchers have also worked on an intervention shown to ease anxieties about conversing with strangers. We decided to adapt that approach to the case of reconnecting with old friends. So we asked some of our study participants to complete a three-minute warm-up exercise in which
they sent messages to current friends and acquaintances. Meanwhile others-our control
group-simply scrolled (滑动) through social media. Afterward every participant was encouraged to contact an old friend. Only about a third of people in the control group sent a message while
about half the people in the warm-up group did so. That’s because practicing the behavior
involved in reaching out to others reminded people of how simple it is to send a message and how enjoyable it can be to connect.
Social relationships are a key source of happiness. Reaching out to old friends is easier after warming up, which benefits mentally and physically. So people could go through the contact list
on their phones and message a few folks they talk to often-and then find someone they haven’t spoken to in a while and have been missing and try to get hold of them, too.
5 ．What is the benefit of reconnecting an old friend?
A ．Interactions are initiated. B ．The passage of time is narrowed.
C ．Social relations are enlarged. D ．Overall well-being is improved.
6 ．Why are people hesitant to reach out to an old friend?
A ．They were more willing to talk to a stranger.
B ．They need to adapt some approaches to reconnecting.
C ．They prefer to send messages to some acquaintances.
D ．They feel distanced from someone out of contact for long.
7 ．What could we do to intervene when reconnecting with old friends?
A ．Scroll through social media. B ．Text current friends.
C ．Talk to a stranger. D ．Complete an exercise in the gym.
8 ．Which of the following can be a suitable title for the text?
A ．Warm up to get in touch with old friends
B ．Do not leave old friends familiar strangers
C ．Connect and enjoy personalized social relationships
D ．Stay in contact with old friends and find source of happiness
Passage 3
（24-25 高一下·浙江丽水·期中）
In a world where ever-changing high-end techniques are reshaping the lifestyles of
“Generation Z”, a game named Black Myth: Wukong, with its picturesque settings and Chinese culture genes, has brought about a craze among gaming fans worldwide.
Within 10 hours of its official release globally, the Triple-A game had over two million
players on Steam. The unexpected success of the game, developed by a private Chinese company over six years, has allowed people to appreciate exotic (异域的) Chinese traditional culture in
addition to the fun and joy of playing the game.
Wukong, or Monkey King is an iconic figure from Journey to the West — a Chinese classic novel dating back about 500 years. Feng Ji, the game’s producer, said that the game is good
enough in quality to attract gamers to be absorbed by the Chinese god-evil story. An ongoing hot discussion on Reddit’s online game community shows games are “hardworking” on every detail of the novel.
Games combining iconic cultural elements may be regarded as a form of cultural exchange. Indeed, enjoying the game could be a journey to experience the beauty of Chinese culture — its
music, landscapes, architecture, clothes, or even folk tales. “Traditional culture is right there, and you’ll like it when you see it,” said the game’s art director, Yang Qi. “What we can do is to give people a closer look through the game.”
China’s abundance of well-preserved historical buildings offered the domestic game
developer an advantage. Digitally scanning ancient buildings to present them in the game is more cost-saving and provides a better authentic experience. Of course, a game is a game. China will always welcome travelers from around the world who want to explore and learn more about its
profound culture.
As a Reddit user wrote, “I (American) have been waiting so long to have more Chinese influence in the Western game field. Chinese culture and mythology are rich. I hope we can get more stuff like this. I would love to go to China someday.”
9 ．What does Paragraph 2 mainly talk about?
A ．The release of the game.
B ．The contents ofthe game.
C ．The developer of the game.
D ．The popularity of the game.
10 ．What are games discussing on Reddit’s online game community?
A ．The plots of Journey to the West.
B ．The hard efforts of the producers.
C ．The pleasure of playing the game.
D ．The details of Chinese gaming culture.
11 ．According to Yang Qi, what’s the relationship between the game and traditional culture?
A ．Traditional culture must be modernized for the game.
B ．The game helps people better experience traditional culture.
C ．Traditional culture is too complex for full game presentation.
D ．The game only uses a bit of traditional culture for decoration.
12 ．What’s a suitable title for the text?
A ．“Black Myth: Wukong”: The Rise of China’ s Gaming Industry
B ．“Black Myth: Wukong”: A Cultural Bridge in the Gaming World
C ．“Black Myth: Wukong”: A Transition from Novel to Gaming Field
D ．“Black Myth: Wukong”: Technological Advancements in the Gaming World
Passage 4
（24-25 高一下·浙江台州·期中）
According to a well-known team of researchers, there are three kinds of smiles: sincere,
false, and painful. How can we distinguish them? In experiments where subjects are shown photos of fake and spontaneous (自发的) smiles, people are pretty good at telling the difference. But in
the real world, most people are less able to distinguish between them. They are distracted by other
elements of communication such as speech, hand gestures, and other body movements. However, if they were to focus only on the face, they would probably know whether a smile was sincere or not.
This is because two muscles are involved in spontaneous smiling. The first muscle is a
ring-like band of muscle around each eye. When it contracts, it causes what we know as “smiling eyes”. The other muscle extends from the top of the cheekbone to the corners ofthe mouth. It
moves the mouth upwards when we smile. This muscle on its own produces what we call the
“mouth smile”. When people sincerely smile, in a spontaneous burst of positive emotions, the
corners ofthe mouth move up and the muscles around the eyes also contract. It is these muscles that show that a smile is sincere.
Smiles can mean very different things in different countries. In the USA, for example, a smile is a friendly, positive gesture of trust. In contrast, in some Asian societies, people smile when they are happy, of course, but also when they feel anger, sadness, confusion, or
embarrassment, perhaps to mask their true feelings.
Cultural norms aside, some people tend to smile more than others and that seems to show they are cheerful, optimistic types. But that relationship isn’t strictly true. Some people rarely
smile and are quite happy. Others often have a smile on their face when they are actually feeling anxious. Human communication is full of uncertainties and we sometimes have a difficult time understanding each other, but a sincere, heartfelt smile that lights up a face can never be
misunderstood.
13 ．What did the experiments show?
A ．Most people tend to force a smile when taking pictures.
B ．People wearing a fake smile can be sincere sometimes.
C ．People using body language are often smiling sincerely.
D ．Most people fail to identify fake smiles in reality often.
14 ．Which of the following is a key feature of a sincere smile?
A ．Only the muscles around the mouth contract. B ．The corners ofthe mouth move downward.
C ．Both the mouth and eye muscles are involved. D ．The smile appears only in positive situations.
15 ．What is the main purpose of the passage?
A ．To compare cultural differences in smiling.
B ．To explain how to identify sincere smiles and their complexity.
C ．To criticize people’s inability to recognize fake smiles.
D ．To promote the importance of smiling in communication.
16 ．What can we infer from the last paragraph?
A ．Smiling is not directly related to personality B ．Smiling can clear up misunderstandings.
C ．People rarely smiling are hard to get on with.D ．Uncertain smiles cannot lead to close relationships.
Passage 5
（24-25 高一下·浙江·期中）
We’ve all experienced it: waking up naturally feels refreshing, while being suddenly woken by an alarm or someone else leaves us half-asleep. Why? To understand this, let’s explore the
science of sleeping.
The sleep cycle consists of four stages. One of these is REM, which stands for rapid eye
movements. The other three are non-REM stages. When you fall asleep, you first go into a state of feeling sleepy called non-REM Stage 1. This is followed by deeper stages of sleep, called
non-REM stages 2 and 3. Each stage of non-REM is deeper than the one before. Then, about 90 minutes after you first fall asleep, you enter the fourth stage, which is REM sleep. This is a stage
of lighter sleep where you do much of your dreaming. After a few minutes, you return to non-REM sleep again.
In sleep labs, researchers monitor brain waves, eye movements, and muscle tension like in the chin, using electrodes (电极) placed on the scalp, around the eyes, and on the chin. Brain
activity varies from low-amplitude (低频振幅) , fast waves when awake to high-amplitude, slow waves during deep non-REM sleep. Non-REM Stage 3 has the slowest, tallest waves, while REM sleep is similar to wakefulness with low-amplitude, fast waves and rapid eye movements. Both
stages are important for brain health and memory storage.
When you wake up in the morning on your own, it’s usually as you come to the end of
whatever stage of sleep you were in. Think of it like getting off the train when it comes to a stop at the station. But when an alarm or someone else wakes you up, it’s like jumping off the train
between stops, which can feel disturbing. That’s why it’s good to wake up naturally whenever possible.
People can actually train their brains to wake up at a scheduled time each day that is a
natural stopping point. Brains have an internal 24-hour clock that instructs when you first start to feel sleepy and when you wake up. This is related to our natural biological clock.
17 ．According to the passage, what happens during REM sleep?
A ．The body enters the deepest stage of sleep. B ．Brain waves are high in amplitude and slow.
C ．Frequent dreaming occurs during light sleep. D ．Muscle tension in the chin increases significantly.
18 ．Why does the author use two similes (明喻) in the fourth paragraph?
A ．To suggest the methods for improving sleep quality.
B ．To explain the role of non-REM in regulating sleep cycles.
C ．To emphasize the importance of consistent sleep schedules.
D ．To illustrate the difference between natural and sudden waking.
19 ．What will the author most likely discuss next?
A ．Methods for adjusting to natural morning awakenings.
B ．Advice on setting alarms to match natural stopping points.
C ．The great impact of sleep cycles on memory storage.
D ．New technologies for sleep stage monitoring in sleep labs.
20 ．Which of the following would be the most suitable title for the article?
A ．Why Natural Awakenings Feel Better? B ．The Role of Dreams in Sleep Cycles.
C ．How to Wake Up Early Without an Alarm? D ．The Impact of Biological Clock on Sleep Quality.
主题 02 人与社会
Passage 1
（24-25 高一下·浙江·期中）
Can you learn to be funny? The short answer is yes. The secret, it turns out, might not be so much about learning to be funny, but returning to being funny.
“Children are funny. They tell stories, and comedy is storytelling,” says Rachel Berger.
“It’s just that as we age, we tend to be driven by a need to impress. We’ve lost the trick of being
completely driven by the need to tell stories.” Rachel has been a comedian for over three decades
and believes that regaining this instinct（本能）can be incredibly powerful. So how can you do that?
Firstly, forget what you’ve been told about whether you’re funny. “People are often told
from a very young age that they’re not funny, so they believe it,” says Rachel. “Some people are shy and socially awkward, so they’re told that they’re not funny. Yet some of the best comedians are shy and socially awkward, like Hannah Gadsby and Luke McGregor.”
Don’t try to be funny. It’s one of the first things performer Happy Feraren tells her students. “When you try, it’s like you’ve seen someone who’s funny on television, and you want to be like that person, therefore you think you need to act like that person,” says Happy. “And I think that
totally throws off you the comedy because it’s not real.” What should you do instead?
Happy says a big part of being funny is being comfortable with yourself. “When you’re
comfortable with yourself, your listening skills heighten a lot,” says Happy. More than
memorizing jokes mechanically, learning to be funny is more about developing a type of intuition （直觉）and changing the way you see the world.
For many of us, laughter is the best medicine.
Some people believe it’s the only thing that can fix a broken heart. And with all the terrible things happening in the world, humor and laughter can bring daily relief.
21 ．In Rachel’s opinion, why do grown-ups often have no sense of humor?
A ．They think storytelling childish.
B ．They get less creative when they age.
C ．They don’t think being humorous is powerful.
D ．They care more about impressing others than telling stories.
22 ．Why are Hannah Gadsby and Luke McGregor mentioned in Para.3?
A ．To prove shyness can co-exist with humor.
B ．To urge people to learn from them.
C ．To encourage people to be outgoing.
D ．To show their great success in comedy.
23 ．Which of the following is effective to develop a sense of humor according to Happy?
A ．Following the examples of comedians on TV.
B ．Memorizing as many jokes as you can.
C ．Feeling at ease about who you are.
D ．Sticking to the way you view the world.
24 ．What can be a suitable title for the text?
A ．The Learning ofthe Art of Being Funny
B ．The Rediscovery of the Joy of Comedy
C ．The Reason for Some People Not Being Funny
D ．The Benefits of Being Humorous
Passage 2
（24-25 高一下·浙江杭州·期中）
For late 19th-century North Americans and Europeans, a display of tableware (餐具) could reveal much about someone’s social position, as the wealthy took great care to get different kinds of forks for everything. Before the 18th century, people of all classes usually ate with a knife and a spoon.
The fork’s path to the table was hard-won and slow. In ancient Egypt, Greece, and Rome, forks were used for slicing food into pieces or lifting meat from a pot or fire.
Following a reduction in size, the fork appeared to have entered dining areas in the courts
of the Middle East and Byzantine Empire by the eighth and ninth centuries, and became common among wealthy families there by the tenth century. Early in the 11th century, it appeared in
various pieces of European art. In the late 11th century, St. Peter Damian from Ostia wrote about a Byzantine princess who used forks and regarded her dying of a disease as punishment for such
“luxury”.
The fork’s slow conquest of Europe was carried out from Italy. Motivated by the same
concerns for hygiene (卫生), forks were bought by wealthy Britons, inspired by Queen Victoria, who regarded fork use as a sign of good manners.
The fork’s introduction to North America dates back to 1633, when John Winthrop, a founder of the Massachusetts Bay Colony, was gifted a set of forks. The Industrial Revolution strengthened the fork’s presence on dining room tables as production of flatware became less expensive. Writing in 1896 in Social Etiquette, Maud C. Cooke declared the fork had finally
conquered the knife in America and “any attempt to give the knife importance on table is looked upon as an offense (冒犯) against good taste.”
25 ．What can we learn about forks from the first paragraph?
A ．They were used improperly in the 18th century.
B ．They had many different types in the 19th century.
C ．They were popular in Europe before the 18th century.
D ．They led to North American’s rise in social position
26 ．What was a function of forks in ancient Egypt?
A ．To eat food. B ．To decorate tables.
C ．To cut food. D ．To create works of art.
27 ．Who was against the use of forks?
A ．St. Peter Damian. B ．Thomas Coryate.
C ．Queen Victoria D ．Maud
28 ．Which is the best title for the text?
A ．Forks Through the Ages B ．The History Behind Knives and Forks
C ．Why Forks Are Popular D ．The Development of Tableware
Passage 3
（24-25 高一下·浙江绍兴·期中）
Palaces are known for their beauty and splendor, but they offer little protection against
attacks. It is easy to defend a fortress (堡垒), but fortresses are not designed with the comfort of a king or queen in mind. When it comes to structures that are both fancy and well-defended, the
classic European castle is the best example of design. Across the ages, castles changed, developed, and eventually fell out of use, but they still command the fascination of our culture.
Castles were originally built in England by Norman invaders. In 1066, as William the
Conqueror advanced through England, he defended key positions to secure the land he had taken. The castles he built allowed the Norman lords to draw back to safety when threatened by English rebellion (叛乱). Castles also served as bases of operation for offensive attacks. Soldiers were
gathered, organized around, and deployed (部署) from castles. In this way castles served both offensive and defensive roles in military operations.
Not limited to military (军事的) purposes, castles also served as offices from which the lord would administer control over his kingdom. That is to say, the lord of the land would hold court in his castle. Those that were socially beneath the lord would come to report the affairs of the lands that they governed and pay tribute to the lord. They would address conflicts, handle
business, feast, and enjoy festivities, In this way castles served as important social centers in
medieval England. Castles also served as symbols of power. Built on important and noticeable sites overlooking the surrounding areas, castles always appeared in the background of many
peasants and served as a daily reminder of the lords strength.
Now, castles no longer serve their original purposes. However, the remaining castles
receive millions of visitors each year from those who wish to experience the glory of a time long passed.
29 ．The author introduces the topic of the text by .
A ．making an assumption B ．giving an example
C ．making comparison D ．giving a definition
30 ．Why did William the Conqueror build castles?
A ．He wanted to celebrate his victory. B ．He wanted to remind people of his influence.
C ．He wanted to live peacefully with the English. D ．He wanted to use them to his military advantage.
31 ．Which of the following is a way the lord would adopt to show his power?
A ．Dealing with conflicts in his castle. B ．Building his castle in an obvious place.
C ．Carrying out social activities in his castle. D ．Ordering peasants to live near his castle.
32 ．What attracts people to visit castles today?
A ．The history. B ．The architecture. C ．The beauty. D ．The surroundings
Passage 4
（24-25 高一下·浙江温州·期中）
The rapid spread of artificial intelligence has people wondering: who’s most likely to use AI in their daily lives? Many think it’s the tech-savvy – those who understand how AI works — who are most eager to adopt it.
Surprisingly, a new research, published in the Journal of Marketing, finds the opposite.
People with less knowledge about AI are actually more open to using the technology. We call this difference in adoption the “lower literacy-higher receptivity” link (低识字率 — 高接受度). This link exists across different groups, backgrounds and even countries. For instance, our analysis of data from market research company Ipsos across 27 countries shows that people in nations with
lower average AI literacy are more receptive towards AI adoption than those in nations with higher literacy.
The reason behind this link lies in how AI now performs tasks we once thought only
humans could do. When AI creates a piece of art, writes a heartfelt response or plays a musical
instrument, it can feel almost amazing — like it’s crossing into human land. Of course, AI doesn’t actually have human qualities. A chatbot might create an empathetic (共情的) response, but it
doesn’t feel empathy (共鸣). People with more technical knowledge about AI understand this,
making the technology less mysterious. On the other hand, those with less understanding may see AI as magical. We suggest this sense of magic makes them more open to using AI tools.
The lower literacy-higher receptivity link is strongest for using AI tools in areas where
people are more likely to ask for emotional support or consulting. When it comes to tasks that
don’t need human-like qualities, such as analysing test results, the pattern changes. To make the most of AI, businesses, educators and policymakers need to make this balance. And ideally, this will happen with respect that inspires many people to use this new technology.
33 ．Who are more likely to use AI in daily lives?
A ．People who are tech-savvy. B ．People in developed countries.
C ．People with higher average AI literacy. D ．People with less knowledge about AI.
34 ．How does the author prove the “lower literacy-higher receptivity” link?
A ．By giving examples of AI applications.
B ．By doing experiments on the use of AI.
C ．By analyzing data from a market research company.
D ．By interviewing people with different AI knowledge levels.
35 ．Why might people with low literacy about AI find it “magical”?
A ．They believe AI has human emotions.
B ．They do not understand how AI works.
C ．They have seen AI perform tasks better than humans.
D ．They are more likely to use AI for emotional support.
36 ．Which of the following can be a suitable title for the text?
A ．AI in Life: Who Uses It? B ．AI Use: The Hidden Magic
C ．AI Tools: Tech-savvy’s Choice D ．AI’s Future: A Threat or An Opportunity?
Passage 5
（24-25 高一下·浙江宁波·期中）
With the rapid development of artificial intelligence, DeepSeek, a Chinese AI company, has appeared as a pioneer in educational technology. Its latest model, DeepSeek-R1, combines
advanced machine learning methods to provide personalized learning solutions for students worldwide.
Unlike traditional AI models that rely on pre-programmed answers, DeepSeek-R1 uses reinforcement (强化) learning to simulate human reasoning. This allows it to guide students
through problem-solving step by step, much like a patient teacher. For example, when a student struggles with a math equation, DeepSeek-R1 doesn’t just give the answer; it breaks down the logic, identifies errors, and encourages critical thinking.
The model’s applications extend beyond academics. In language learning, it analyzes
students’ pronunciation through AI speech recognition and offers real-time feedback. For teachers, DeepSeek-R1 can generate lesson plans matched with curriculum standards and even predict
students’ learning difficulties based on historical data. Its “adaptive testing” feature creates customized quizzes that adjust difficulty according to individual progress.
However, challenges remain. Critics argue that over-reliance on AI might reduce human interaction in education. DeepSeek’s developers address this by emphasizing its role as a
“supplement, not a replacement.” As Dr. Li, a DeepSeek researcher, stated, “Our goal is to free teachers from repetitive tasks so they can focus on inspiring creativity.”
Looking ahead, DeepSeek aims to integrate virtual reality (VR) into its platform, allowing students to explore historical events or scientific concepts in immersive 3D environments. While ethical (道德的) debates about AI in education persist, one thing is clear: tools like DeepSeek are reshaping how we learn, blending technology with human wisdom.
37 ．What makes DeepSeek-R1 different from traditional AI models?
A ．It uses pre-programmed answers.
B ．It focuses on memorization techniques.
C ．It replaces teachers in classrooms.
D ．It employs reinforcement learning for reasoning.
38 ．The underlined word “customized” in Paragraph 3 most likely means .
A ．complicated B ．personalized C ．fixed D ．outdated
39 ．What can be inferred about DeepSeek’s future plans?
A ．It tends to replace teacher’s role in education.
B ．It will focus on solving the ethical problems.
C ．It aims to enhance students’ interactive learning.
D ．It cares more about making profits than education.
40 ．What is the main purpose of the passage?
A ．To advertise DeepSeek products.
B ．To compare different AI models.
C ．To analyze the risks of using AI in schools.
D ．To discuss AI’s role in transforming education.
Passage 6
（24-25 高一下·浙江·期中）
In a world of music streaming services, access to almost any song is just a few clicks away online. Yet, the live performance lives on. People still fill sweaty basements, dirty fields and
crowded concert halls to hear their favourite musicians play. And now neuroscientists might know why live music attracts the brain’s emotion centers more than its recorded one.
Concerts are immersive social experiences in which people listen to and feel the music together through key changes and rhythmic drops. Moreover, they are dynamic — artists can adapt their playing according to the crowd’s reaction.
It was this last difference that led neuroscientists, based at the Universities of Zurich and Oslo, to study the brain responses of people listening to music. In the “live” experiment,
participants lay in an MRI scanner (扫描仪) listening to the music through earphones, while a
pianist was positioned outside the room. The pianist was shown the participant’s real-time (实时
的) brain activity as a form of feedback. In the recorded condition, participants listened to pre-recorded versions of the same music.
The scientists were interested in how live music affected the areas of the brain responsible for processing emotions, particularly the amygdala, an area deep inside the brain. The results, just published in the journal PNAS, showed that live music had a significantly greater emotional
impact. Whether the music expressed happiness or sadness, live performances led to increased
activity not only in the amygdala but also other parts of the brain’s emotion processing network. The researchers also found that participants’ brain activity tracked the acoustic (声学的) features of the music, like tempo and pitch, far more closely when it was played live.
While the study didn’t fully recreate the live concert experience, the findings suggest that
artists’ ability to adjust their performance in real time contributes to the emotional connection with live music. Some musical companies now attempt to recreate live concerts, such as ABBA
Voyage, an immersive pre-recorded VR concert, but without artists’ capability to read audience’s emotions and respond accordingly, it will never quite match the real thing.
41 ．Why do people attend live shows despite music streaming services online?
A ．Because they prefer being with friends at a concert.
B ．Because they enjoy the process of finding popular music.
C ．Because they value the emotional connection live music brings.
D ．Because they intend to meet their favorite musicians in person.
42 ．The role of the pianist in the “live” experiment is to .
A ．observe the participants’ brain activity as a form of feedback
B ．provide live music accompaniment to participants inside the MRI scanner
C ．compare the effectiveness of live performances and recorded ones
D ．show participants’ ability to read and respond to the audience’s emotions
43 ．What did the study published in PNAS find about the impact of live music on the brain?
A ．Live music affected only the amygdala of the brain.
B ．The participants’ brain activity didn’t react to live music.
C ．Live music had a reduced emotional impact compared to recorded music.
D ．The participants’ brain responded more greatly to acoustic features of live music.
44 ．What does the author suggest by mentioning ABBA Voyage in the last paragraph?
A ．It lacks artists’ response based on audience’s feedback.
B ．It matches the sound quality of live performances.
C ．It greatly stirs up the audience’s emotional response.
D ．It fails to create a perfect performing atmosphere.
Passage 7
（24-25 高一下·浙江·期中）
Tourists across China have enjoyed a chain of cultural events from traditional to modern, and discovered new destinations during this year’s five-day May Day holiday.
Items on China’s traditional intangible cultural heritage list proved to be popular with
travelers in many regions. In Lantian county, northwest China’s Shanxi Province, tourists were amazed by the art of Dawaz, which means aerial tightrope (空中钢丝) walking in the Uygur
language. Meanwhile, in east China’s Changzhou City, music festivals attracted huge crowds of travelers, and local authorities introduced measures to ensure the comfort of visitors. They
arranged 500 coaches for long-distance travel, set up more than 10,000 free parking spaces and extended the operation hours of the subway network until 11:30 p. m.
And it’s not just big cities that drew in visitors during this holiday. Holiday makers decided to go for natural views, less-crowded scenic spots, and cost-effective travel experiences. Data
from Chinese travel booking platform Ctrip showed that orders for fourth-tier and below cities increased by 140 percent on a yearly basis, outperforming those in first and second-tier cities.
Wu Sa, deputy director of the Economic Research Institute of the National Development and Reform Commission, expressed belief that the popularity of usual major destinations like Beijing, Shanghai, Chongqing, Hangzhou and Chengdu is not decreasing, but explained that a good number of travelers are looking to diversify the range of their travels, towards new and
previously lesser-known places.
Scientific and space projects have also been a hit travel destination this week, from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center in northwest China to the world’s largest single-dish radio
telescope in the southwestern province of Guizhou. “I mainly wanted to take my child to
appreciate some of China’s leading space technology and the development trend of big data, so that he can understand the advanced technology of our motherland,” said a tourist named Hu
Wannping.
45 ．What attracted tourists to the Changzhou City?
A ．The launch of appealing music festivals.
B ．The Aerial tightrope walking performance.
C ．The celebration of traditional cultural events.
D ．The measures to provide comfort for tourists.
46 ．What may account for people’s choice of fourth-tier and below cities?
A ．Abundant parking spaces. B ．Famous scenic spots.
C ．Low travelling expenses. D ．Convenient booking platforms.
47 ．What can be inferred from the text?
A ．The growth of visitors is causing various social issues.
B ．Scientific and space projects receive the least attention.
C ．Orders for major destinations in big cities are decreasing.
D ．Tourists are open-minded as to the choices of spending holidays.
48 ．What can be the best title of the text?
A．Festivals and Celebrations across China B．New Trend for Labor Day Tourist Destinations C ．The Popularity of Well-known Destinations D ．China’s Traditional Intangible Cultural
Heritage
主题 01 人与自然
Passage 1
（24-25 高一下·浙江·期中）
As more and more species near extinction, scientists have been collecting samples from
animals, plants and other creatures and storing them in biobanks across the globe. But climate
change, environmental disasters and wars threaten them. Now, a team of researchers led by
Hagedorn is trying to build biobanks on the moon. A biobank in a permanently shadowed region at the moon’s south pole could be far more stable than those on Earth. Those areas usually remain
around -196°Celsius, the minimum temperature required to store most animal cells long-term.
“We were inspired by the Svalbard Global Seed Vault (库) in Norway, which takes
advantage of freezing Arctic temperatures to preserve millions of seeds from around the world. But in 2017, melting permafrost (冻土) flooded the vault and put its precious seeds at risk. That event showed the need for a backup plan,” Hagedorn says.
Given the shadowy south pole’s low temperatures, Hagedorn says, a vault there could store “one of the most powerful cells that we have today” — fibroblasts. Scientists can transform these animal cells into stem cells, “and then those stem cells can be used for cloning,” she says. The
cells could be valuable for regenerating populations of threatened or extinct species and for building ecosystems in future human colonies on the moon or Mars.
The new proposal has its share of obstacles, including what to do about radiation and the
long-term effects of microgravity on the samples. Hagedorn and colleagues are designing
radiation-proof sample storage containers. The next step would be to test out prototypes (原型) on a future moon mission. Some of the moon’s permanently dark regions also aren’t immune from
temperature swings, as more or less reflected light shines into the shadows, Greenhagen says.
“They are still cold but perhaps not always cold enough for this project without some level of heat management.” By far, the biggest challenge will be getting buy-in from the scientific community and other stakeholders, and to get nations to work together on the plan, Hagedorn says.
49 ．What is the main reason for proposing to build biobanks on the moon?
A ．To conduct biological experiments in low gravity environments.
B ．To protect genetic samples from threats like climate change and wars on Earth.
C ．To establish human colonies on the moon more quickly.
D ．To study the effects of extreme cold on animal cells.
50 ．What event inspired the need for an off-Earth biobank according to Hagedorn?
A ．A nuclear accident contaminating a seed vault.
B ．The success of the International Space Station’s biobank.
C ．The 2017 flooding of Svalbard Global Seed Vault due to melting permafrost.
D ．The discovery of frozen water on the moon’s surface.
51 ．What play(s)the most important role in biobanking?
A ．Species. B ．Temperature. C ．Location. D ．Dark.
52 ．What does Hagedorn think about building a biobank on the moon?
A ．A meaningful and challenging project. B ．A wild idea against the laws of nature.
C．A creative project that can’t be completed. D．A project whose costs don’t equal its benefits.
Passage 2
（24-25 高一下·浙江杭州·期中）
As ice sheets melted, they often left behind landscapes that typically take many years to become habitable for plants and wildlife. However, recent research has discovered that in just three years, these poor areas can be brought back to life by South American camelids (美洲鸵).
By the foot of Peru’s Uruashraju glacier (冰川), researchers partnered with local farmers to herd (放牧) camelids on four areas. For three days a month from 2019 to 2022, the camelids
grazed (吃草) the areas. By the end of that time, the otherwise dry and easily destroyed soil had become more stable, richer in nutrients (营养) and supported 57 percent more plant cover than before. This traditional South American way of camelids herding could potentially protect crops, animals and local communities from the impacts of climate change.
As is the case worldwide, glaciers are disappearing in Peru’s Cordillera Blanca mountains at an astonishing rate. And as the ice melts, nearby ecosystems lose access to summertime
supplies of freshwater and sometimes face harmful acidic (酸性的) minerals in rocks once
covered by the glaciers. Camelids may help ease some of these effects. Their transformation of the land could reduce rock weathering, thus limiting the acidic runoff that can damage farmers’ crops.
The idea that grass-eating animals grazing may positively impact a landscape is not new.
Nor is rewilding — the push to reintroduce key species to their native ecosystems — unique to the Cordillera Blanca mountains. In Finland, for example, local Sami are working to reintroduce
reindeer in areas where trees have been cut down. And a group in Spain hopes one day to lift the wild cattle known as the auroch out of extinction, putting it to use in grazing.
But the size and speed of the changes the camelids helped bring about surprised the
researchers. “Putting nutrients over the soil can produce similar effects on plant growth,” says
ecologist Kelsey Reider of James Madison University, but “the animals themselves are doing a
lot”. For one, animal waste is special. For another, the camelids weed out dominant plants, making space for new species.
53 ．What is paragraph 2 mainly about?
A ．Results of camelids herding. B ．Impacts of climate change.
C ．Reasons for the research. D ．Partnership with local farmers.
54 ．What might be a consequence of glaciers melting?
A ．Increased acidic runoff. B ．Reduced rock weathering.
C ．Decline in summer rainfall D ．Shortage of mineral resources.
55 ．Why are the underlined “reindeer” and “auroch?” mentioned in paragraph 4?
A ．To clarify a potential problem. B ．To explain a natural phenomenon.
C ．To compare different rewilding projects. D ．To support a conservation effort.
56 ．What is Kelsey Reider’s attitude towards camelids herding?
A ．Disapproving. B ．Unclear. C ．Doubtful. D ．Supportive.
Passage 3
（24-25 高一下·浙江·期中）
Some of life’s simplest mysteries can prove the hardest to solve. One such mystery is how a bird sleeps, especially while it’s on a branch.
The sleep cycle during our deepest sleep lasts for several minutes, but in birds, it lasts
hardly 10 seconds; they will keep one part of their brain awake, which you might notice when a bird has one eye open. This will allow birds to run away from a hunt at a moment’s notice, even when they’re in the middle of a sleep.
To fall asleep, a bird’s body goes through a series of changes, one of which is that the
muscles lose their hardness, which happens as a main result of reduced brain control of muscle
movement. To stand perfectly balanced on a branch while the muscles become weak isn’t easy.
Anyone who has tried to sleep while standing on a train would know this. So when a bird lowers itself, its talons (爪子) automatically and involuntarily bend and hold on tightly to the branch, and until the leg is straightened, the talons will not relax. The key behind this mechanism (机制) is the bird’s flexor tendons (屈肌腱) that connect muscles to bones. The flexor tendon stretches, thus
bending the bird’s toes.
But a recent paper found that sleeping European starlings (a common bird found in North America and Europe) don’t use the mechanism. The researchers observed that the birds bent their
knees only slightly, not enough for the mechanism to kick into action. The toes, as a result, were largely unbent, and the birds balanced on the central part of their feet while they slept.
“Birds are varied and unique, exhibiting different bodies, physiologies, and behaviors
depending on which species, genus, or family one studies. Sleep cycles differ just as widely.
While we may not know the whole story yet, there is no denying that it is remarkable that birds
manage this balancing act daily!” said Salama, who has a degree in life sciences and biochemistry from St. Xavier’s College, Mumbai.
57 ．What does the underlined word “This” in the second paragraph refer to?
A ．The continuation of deep sleep. B ．The difference in sleep cycles.
C ．Birds’ special brain structure. D ．Birds’ light sleep style.
58 ．What is the role offlexor tendons in helping birds balance on branches?
A ．Stretching to make talons bend and lock.
B ．Enabling the power of birds’ legs.
C ．Controlling muscles’ hardness and movement.
D ．Connecting muscles to strengthen their functions.
59 ．What can we infer from Salama’s words?
A ．Learning birds’ habits needs cooperation.
B ．Denying birds’ importance is unwise.
C ．Knowing birds’ balancing acts is useful.
D ．Studying birds’ sleep has challenges.
60 ．What can be the best title for the text?
A ．Why Do Birds Require Less Sleep?
B ．Why Don’t Sleeping Birds Fall Off Branches?
C ．Why Do Sleeping Birds Have One Eye Open?
D ．Why Do European Starlings Sleep Differently?
Passage 4
（24-25 高一下·浙江温州·期中）
Everyone knows the horrible feeling: An uncomfortable night, just a little too warm, leads to restless sleep, and then next morning, you feel like a slow shell of yourself. Now a new study
links sleep loss with climate (气候) change. Researchers from the University of Copenhagen found that ever-warmer nighttime temperatures push bedtimes later and wake times earlier, costing us valuable nighttime rest.
Sleepers tracked in the study lost rest even in places where temperatures weren’t so high, and had trouble getting used to even mildly challenging sleep temperatures. And sleep costs, the researchers warn, will rise as temperatures do, likely to cost sleepers an extra 13 to 15 days of
poor sleep each year by the end of the century.
It’s a very clear example of how climate change is playing out in people’s everyday lives. Sleep loss from climate change “is already happening,” says Kelton Minor, the lead author of the study at the University of Copenhagen.
Minor and his colleagues looked at data collected worldwide between 2021 and 2023 from nearly 50,000 people’s wristband (腕带) activity trackers. The trackers recorded when those
people fell asleep, woke up, and how they slept in between. The researchers could match sleepers’ locations with location-specific climate data. That let the researchers compare the sleep data with local outdoor temperatures. They were looking at continuous records of individual people. They
could see how someone slept on a cool night in June versus a hot one a few days later, or how they reacted to an unseasonably warm February night.
The dataset was unique in that it didn’t rely on self-reports. It spanned the world, while the few former studies looking at the direct relationship between climate and sleep focused on just a few people. What was more amazing were the results. People slept most when outside
temperatures were below 50℉ (10℃). Above that temperature, their chances of sleeping less than seven hours went way up. Above 77℉ (25℃), the losses increased rapidly. When outdoor
nighttime temperatures topped 86℉ (30℃), people lost an average of about 15 minutes a night.
61 ．What is the function of the first paragraph?
A ．To lead in the topic. B ．To show climate change.
C ．To present a terrible night. D ．To highlight nighttime rest.
62 ．What can we learn about the study?
A ．Small temperature change will affect the sleep quality.
B ．The trackers can match sleepers’ locations with climate data.
C ．Sleep loss from climate change will happen in the near future.
D ．Sleepers tracked in the study didn’t lose rest in high-temperature areas.
63 ．Which word has the similar meaning as the underlined word “span” in paragraph 5?
A ．Affect. B ．Cover. C ．Harm. D ．Surprise.
64 ．What is the text mainly about?
A ．High temperature is beneficial to sleep. B ．Climate change is costing valuable sleep.
C．Temperature change determines sleep quality. D．Poor sleep has big personal and economic costs.
Passage 5
（24-25 高一下·浙江杭州·期中）
Wildlife populations around the world are facing great falls, according to new numbers that have urged environmental campaigners to call for urgent action to rescue the natural world.
The 2022 Living Planet Index (LPI), tracking global biodiversity, produced by the
Zoological Society of London (ZSL), shows that wildlife populations of mammals, birds and fish have seen an average decrease of 69 percent since 1970, faster than previous predictions.
Mark Wright of WWF says the scale of decline is devastating and continues to worsen.
“We are not seeing any really positive signs that we are beginning to bend the curve of nature,” he says. At the same time, some of the most biodiverse regions of the world are seeing the greatest
falls in wildlife. Habitat loss is the largest driver of wildlife loss in all regions around the world, followed by species overkilling by illegal hunting and fishing.
In December, governments from around the world will gather in Montreal, Canada, for the COP15 Biodiversity Framework, a much-delayed summit that aims to agree a set of new targets intended to stop the loss of animals, plants and habitats globally by 2030. “We need governments to take actions to ensure that those goals deal with the complicated combined threats of climate
change and biodiversity,” says Robin Freeman of ZSL.
But some researchers are critical ofthe LPI’s use of a headline figure (主要指标) of
showing drops, warning it is easy to misunderstanding. The findings don’t mean all species or
populations worldwide are in decline. In fact, approximately half the populations show a stable or increasing trend, and half show a declining trend. “I think a more appropriate and useful way to
look at it is to focus on specific species or populations,” says Ritchie at Our World in Data.
But Wright says the LPI is a tool that accurately reflects the findings of biodiversity measurements. “Some of those figures show that there is something going really very badly wrong,” says Wright.
65 ．What can we infer from the 2022 Living Planet Index?
A ．We have known how to protect the endangered species.
B ．Urgent measures should be taken to save global biodiversity.
C ．There are positive signs that humans are changing the nature.
D ．The decline of wildlife populations is less rapid than expected.
66 ．What is the main reason for wildlife populations falling?
A ．The loss of habitat. B ．The warming climate.
C ．Improvements in technology. D ．Species overkilling.
67 ．What is paragraph 5 mainly about?
A ．Specific species should be ignored.
B ．The LPI shows all species are declining.
C ．Most populations are stable or increasing.
D ．The LPI’s decline figure can be misleading.
68 ．What does Mark Wright think of LPI?
A ．Outdated. B ．Functional. C ．Simple. D ．Unique.
Passage 6
（24-25 高一下·浙江·期中）
Take a walk down any major beach and it likely won’t be long before you come upon some trash. Countless types of plastics litter the world’s beaches, eventually making their way into the ocean where they break down over the course of decades or even centuries. Ocean Conservancy
estimates that volunteers from 97 countries and regions identified and removed around 4,000tons of plastic trash from beaches worldwide in 2023. For the most part, spotting the trash still depends on the naked eye and a great deal of walking. But that could one day change thanks to a new
satellite imaging technique developed by researchers from RMIT University in Australia.
The team developed a new tool that highlights unique spectra (光谱的) features in plastics. Armed with that knowledge, the researchers were then able to accurately identify plastic items on
beaches and distinguish them from sand, water, and plants. The researchers, whose work will be published in an upcoming issue of the journal Marine Pollution Bulletin, are hopeful that coastal cleanup organizations can use this new tool to expedite plastic removal efforts on beaches.
“This is incredibly exciting, as up to now we have not had a tool for detecting plastics in coastal environments from space,” said study co-author Maria Soto-Bereciov.
Satellite imagery has, for years, been used to help scientists identify plastics floating in the ocean, but it’s far less effective at spotting plastics on beaches. Coastal plastics often blend (混合) in with or are partially buried by sand. And coastal plastic trash can also have serious negative
effects on local wildlife. “Plastics can be mistaken for food, and animals can be trapped by plastics,” study lead author Jenna Guffogg said.
Those harmful effects aren’t limited to life on beaches. If plastics aren’t removed, they can often end up going into the ocean where they will slowly break down into smaller pieces. Those tiny plastic pieces are then eaten by fish and work their way up the food chain. Some researchers believe this cycle may even lead to increased cases of microplastics detected in humans. The full extent of the effects of microplastics on human health still isn’t fully known.
69 ．According to the passage, which is true about the traditional way of spotting plastic trash on beaches?
A ．It depends mainly on satellite imaging.
B ．It is highly efficient and accurate.
C ．It mostly relies on the naked eye and walking.
D ．It can easily distinguish plastic from sand.
70 ．What does the underlined word “expedite” in paragraph 2 probably mean in the text?
A ．Slow down B ．Make easier and faster
C ．Stop completely D ．Make more difficult
71 ．Which of the following can be inferred from the last paragraph?
A ．Microplastics have no impact on human health at present.
B ．Once in the ocean, plastics will never break down.
C ．The harm of plastics extends far beyond beach areas.
D ．It is easy to prevent plastics from entering the ocean.
72 ．What can we infer about the author’s attitude towards microplastics on the beaches?
A ．Optimistic. B ．Indifferent. C ．Concerned. D ．Positive.
Passage 7
（24-25 高一下·浙江·期中）
A new trend in urban design, often referred to as vertical (垂直的) gardening, is greatly
changing how we use available space in cities. This innovative approach enables city residents to grow plants and vegetables in or on buildings, using walls, balconies, and other vertical surfaces rather than only relying on traditional pieces of land. Vertical gardening champions
eco-friendliness, making efficient use of limited space while improving air quality in crowded areas.
The concept began to gain popularity as urban populations grew and green spaces became increasingly limited. Architects and landscape designers recognized the pressing need to combine greenery into their designs to create more livable and environmentally friendly urban
environments. By using hydroponic systems (水培系统) and wall-mounted planters, people can cultivate a wide variety of plants in small spaces, effectively bringing nature closer to urban life.
Well-known architect Patrick Blanc is among those who popularized this method,
showcasing vertical gardens that not only improve the look of buildings but also provide important ecological benefits. His impressive designs promote biodiversity by attracting birds and helpful
insects back into urban areas, helping to bring back natural ecosystems.
Creating a successful vertical garden requires careful planning and thoughtful
consideration. Gardeners must choose plants that do well in limited spaces and adjust them to the specific microclimate of each location. Moreover, by using vertical gardening techniques, urban residents can effectively reduce their carbon footprint, lessen the urban heat island effect, and
improve the overall quality of life in their communities. As more individuals adopt this
eco-friendly approach, vertical gardening is likely to become an essential part of modern urban landscapes, paving the way for greener and healthier cities for future generations.
This method is not merely a trend; it represents a significant change in how we think about and interact with our urban environments, making cities more livable and eco-friendly while
supporting our connection to nature.
73 ．What does the underlined word “champions” in the first paragraph mean?
A ．refuses. B ．supports. C ．balances. D ．processes.
74 ．Why has vertical gardening become increasingly popular in urban areas?
A ．To create more industrial zones in crowded areas.
B ．To enhance the user experience in public spaces.
C ．To address the shortage of green spaces in growing cities.
D ．To attract birds and insects back into urban areas.
75 ．According to the passage, what role does Patrick Blanc play in the vertical gardening movement?
A ．He promotes vertical gardens. B ．He designs buildings without gardens.
C．He focuses on plant breeding in cities. D．He is a city planner famous for green designs.
76 ．According to the passage, what must gardeners consider when creating a successful vertical garden?
A ．The economic factors of hydroponic systems.
B ．The types of plants suitable for limited spaces.
C ．The popularity of vertical gardening in their city.
D ．The plants’ ability to help battle climate change.
1 ．D 2 ．C 3 ．B 4 ．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍“伪学习”现象的表现、危害及高效学习的方法。
1 ．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“The pseudo-worker looks and feels like someone who is
working hard — he or she spends a long time in the library and is not afraid to push on late into
the night — but, because of a lack of focus and concentration, he or she doesn’t actually
accomplish much.(伪学习者看起来和感觉上都像是在努力学习的人——他或她在图书馆花很长时间，不怕熬夜到很晚——但由于缺乏专注和集中，他或她实际上并没有完成多少事情。)”可知，伪学习的特点是花费大量时间但注意力不集中，收效甚微。杰克在图书馆花很长时间写论文却听着音乐，符合这一特征。故选 D 项。
2．推理判断题。根据第三段中的“By placing themselves in distracting environments and insisting on working long hours, these students are damaging their brain’s ability to think clearly and
efficiently to accomplish the task at hand.(这些学生把自己置于容易分心的环境中，坚持长时间学习，这损害了他们清晰高效地思考以完成手头任务的能力。)” 以及第四段中的“The bigger problem here is that most students don’t even realize that they’re pseudo-working.(更大的问题是，大多数学生甚至没有意识到自己在伪学习。)”可知，伪学习有负面影响，但很多学生并未完全意识到。故选 C 项。
3 ．词句猜测题。根据第五段中的“Some cognitive science research concludes that about 50
minutes is the optimal learning period to maximize the material learned per time unit.(一些认知科学研究得出结论，大约 50 分钟是optimal 学习时间，以最大限度地提高每单位时间所学的材料。)”可知，对于学习来说，提高效率非常重要，为了效率的最大化，50 分钟的时间应该是“最适合的”或者“最佳的” ，所以，“optimal” 的意思与 Best 意义相近。故选 B 项。
4 ．推理判断题。根据第六段中的“One key factor is captured in the following simple formula: work accomplished = time spent×intensity of focus. Pseudo-working features a very low intensity of focus. Therefore, to accomplish something by pseudo-working, you need to spend a lot of time. The straight-A approach, on the other hand, maximizes intensity in order to minimize time.(以下简单公式体现了一个关键因素：完成的工作量=花费的时间×专注强度。伪学习的特点是专注强度很低。因此，通过伪学习来完成某件事，你需要花费大量时间。另一方面，优等生的方法是最大限度地提高专注强度，以最小化时间。)”可知，作者提到这个公式是为了强调专注的重要性，专注强度高才能在更少时间内完成更多工作。故选 C 项。
5 ．D 6 ．D 7 ．B 8 ．A
【导语】这是 篇说明文 文章主要讲述人们重新联系老朋友时会感到犹豫 研究表明给最
一 。 ，
近的朋友熟人发信息后，和老朋友破冰更容易，这对精神和身体都有益。
5 ．细节理解题。根据第二段的第一句话“Research from across the social sciences has
consistently shown that social relationships are critical for mental and physical health.(社会科学领域的研究一致表明，社会关系对身心健康至关重要)”和最后一段的第一句话“Social
relationships are a key source of happiness.(社会关系是幸福的重要来源)”可知，和旧友新建立联系可助益身心健康。干扰项 C 中，因为是旧友，所以 enlarge 这个说法不对。故选 D。
6 ．细节理解题。根据第二段中“This similarity made researchers wonder whether the passage of time makes old friends feel like strangers.(这种相似性让研究人员怀疑，时间的流逝是否会让老朋友觉得自己像陌生人)”可知，人们联系老朋友时感到犹豫是因为他们会觉得与长期失去联系的人疏远，其他干扰项也在细微处有差别，如 A 选项中，和旧友建立联系与陌生人说话应当是优先级相同。故选 D。
7 ．细节理解题。根据第四段中“Only about a third of people in the control group sent a message while about half the people in the warm-up group did so. That’s because practicing the behavior
involved in reaching out to others reminded people of how simple it is to send a message and how enjoyable it can be to connect.(对照组中只有约三分之一的人发了信息，而热身组中约有一半的人发了信息。这是因为练习与他人联系的行为提醒人们发送信息是多么简单，联系是多么愉快)”可知，文中 the behavior 就是指先和最近的朋友或者熟人互动发送消息做热身，以便于不联系旧友之间破冰。故选 B。
8．主旨大意题。根据全文内容，结合最后一段“Social relationships are a key source of happiness. Reaching out to old friends is easier after warming up, which benefits mentally and physically. So people could go through the contact list on their phones and message a few folks they talk to
often-and then find someone they haven’t spoken to in a while and have been missing and try to
get hold of them, too.(社会关系是幸福的重要来源。热身后更容易联系老朋友，这对身心都有好处。因此，人们可以浏览手机上的联系人列表，给几个经常联系的人发信息，然后找到一个他们有一段时间没有联系的人，也可以试着联系他们)”可知，最后两段的信息都指向答案A 。给最近的朋友熟人发信息后，和老朋友破冰更容易，这对精神和身体都有益。A 项“热身和老朋友联系”最适合作为标题。故选 A。
9 ．D 10 ．A 11 ．B 12 ．B
【导语】本文是篇说明文。文章主要介绍了正在全球游戏迷中掀起热潮的一款蕴含中国文化
底蕴的游戏《黑色神话：悟空》。
9 ．主旨大意题。根据第二段“Within 10 hours of its official release globally, the Triple-A game had over two million players on Steam.(在全球正式发布 10 个小时内，这款 3A 级游戏在 Steam上拥有超过 200 万玩家)”和该段内容可知，第二段主要讲述了这款游戏的受欢迎程度。故选D。
10 ．细节理解题。根据第三段“Wukong, or Monkey King is an iconic figure from Journey to the West — a Chinese classic novel dating back about 500 years.(悟空，或称孙悟空，是 500 年前中国经典小说《西游记》中的标志性人物)”和“An ongoing hot discussion on Reddit’s online game community shows games are “hardworking” on every detail of the novel.(Reddit 在线游戏社区正在进行的一场热议显示，游戏正“努力”于这部小说的每个细节。)可知，游戏正在 Reddit在线游戏社区讨论《西游记》这部小说的情节细节。故选 A。
11．细节理解题。根据第四段““Traditional culture is right there, and you’ll like it when you see it,” said the game’s art director, Yang Qi. “What we can do is to give people a closer look through the game.”(“传统文化就在那里，当你看到它的时候，你会喜欢它的，”游戏的艺术总监杨琪说。 “我们能做的就是让人们通过这款游戏更深入地了解。”)”可知，杨琪认为这款游戏能够帮助人们更好地了解和体验传统文化。故选 B。
12．主旨大意题。根据第一段“In a world where ever-changing high-end techniques are reshaping the lifestyles of “Generation Z”, a game named Black Myth: Wukong, with its picturesque settings and Chinese culture genes, has brought about a craze among gaming fans worldwide.(在一个不断变化的高端技术正在重塑“Z 世代”生活方式的世界里，一款名为《黑色神话：悟空》的游戏，以其风景如画的背景和中国文化基因，在全球游戏迷中掀起了一股热潮。)”和倒数第二段“Of course, a game is a game. China will always welcome travelers from around the world who want
to explore and learn more about its profound culture.(当然，游戏就是游戏。中国将一如既往地欢迎世界各地想要探索和了解中国深厚文化的旅行者。)”及最后一段“As a Reddit user wrote, “I (American) have been waiting so long to have more Chinese influence in the Western game
field. Chinese culture and mythology are rich. I hope we can get more stuff like this. I would love to go to China someday.”(一位 Reddit 用户写道：“我（美国人）期待中国在西方游戏领域发挥更大的影响力已经等了太久了。中国的文化和神话是丰富的。我希望我们能得到更多这样的东西。我希望有一天能去中国。”)可知，本文主要介绍了正在全球游戏世界掀起热潮的一款蕴含中国文化底蕴的游戏《黑色神话：悟空》，激发了世界各地人们想要探索和了解中国
文化的欲望。因此 B 项“《黑色神话：悟空》：游戏界的文化桥梁”可以作为本文的最佳标题。故选 B。
13 ．D 14 ．C 15 ．B 16 ．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了如何区分真诚的微

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