资源简介

专题 03 阅读理解 说明文
主题 01 人与社会
Passage 1
（24-25 学年高二下·福建福州一中·期中）
During the Spring Festival, Ne Zha 2 has become a phenomenon-level animated film, with cinema attendance rate reaching over 90%. When Ne Zha and Ao Bing had a fierce battle with
Infinite Immortal, the vivid sound effects made me feel as ifI were right there on the scene.
Suddenly, a question popped into my mind: How were these impressive sounds created Out of curiosity, I started searching back home and then entered the mysterious world of Foley artists.
The term Foley was coined in memory of Jack Foley and his contribution to the art of
sound effects. When sound effects were first added into movies, he innovated a unique way of creating sound effects, recording sounds onto a single track of audio and adding them to actions happening on the screen accordingly.
Foley artists are like magicians of sound, adding vitality to films. Their working scenes
seem simple but are filled with all kinds of tools and equipment. Ordinary objects are often
transformed into precise sound effects: Shaking an umbrella can simulate (模拟) the howling of a violent storm. Even though Foley artists often work behind the scenes, their cooperation with
actors is crucial to getting the essence of a film. “You have to act the scene…You have to be the actors and get into the spirit of the story the same as the actors did, on the set. It makes a big
difference,” Jack Foley once stressed.
In general, attention to detail is fundamental to successful Foley artists.
They also need to have the ability to recreate sounds themselves, which requires creativity and imagination. Getting the perfect sound requires trial and error, which is why patience and
persistence are equally important. In order to simulate the sound of a character running in the mud, Foley artists have to try countless materials, constantly adjusting the force and rhythm of stepping.
As I was digging deep, titles like “Fewer than 100 Foley Artists Remain Active
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Worldwide” indeed struck me hard. I found the sad truth that while Foley work is an incredible addition to movies, the small number of working artists today may put it on the path to becoming a dying art. However, Foley work, to my relief, may change as virtual reality develops. Next time you’re watching a movie, remember those subtle sounds. They are like secret messages from
Foley artists, reminding us they' re always there.
1 ．What contribution did Jack Foley make to the film industry
A ．He pioneered sound effect creation.
B ．He invented recording equipment.
C ．He improved background music.
D ．He advanced live recording methods.
2 ．What did Jack Foley value most in his work
A ．Practising trial and error.
B ．Working closely with actors.
C ．Being sensitive to details.
D ．Stimulating active imagination.
3 ．What does the last paragraph suggest
A ．Foley work is becoming unnecessary with new tools
B ．Modern audiences clearly understand Foley work.
C ．Foley artists may be fully replaced by virtual reality.
D ．Foley work may be reshaped in the future.
4 ．What is the author’s main purpose in writing this passage
A ．To persuade readers to engage in Foley work.
B ．To introduce Foley work and explain its importance.
C ．To explore the reasons for Ne Zha 2’s success.
D ．To highlight future challenges in Foley work.
Passage 2
（24-25 学年高二下·福建福州联盟校·期中）
We all know the routine by heart: “Please ensure your seats are in the upright position, folding tables are closed, window shades are up, laptops are stored in the overhead bins and
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electronic devices are set to flight mode.”
Now, the first four are reasonable, right Window shades need to be up so we can see if
there is an emergency. Folding tables need to be closed and seats upright so we can get out of the row quickly. Laptops can become dangerous in an emergency, as the seat back pockets are not
strong enough to contain them. But why are airplane passengers asked to put their phones in airplane mode
According to the FAA website’s Safety Information page, “The FCC and FAA restrict the use of cell phones for airborne because their signals could interfere (干扰) with critical aircraft
instruments. Devices must be used in airplane mode. You may use the Wi-Fi connection on your device if the plane has an installed Wi-Fi system and the airline allows its use.” If passengers
don’t switch to airplane mode in-flight, the concern is that a phone’s radio transmissions could get in the way of the systems that planes use during the fight.
What’s more, if the captain considers it necessary for safety, such as in a reduced-visibility landing, they have the authority to tell passengers to switch off their phones completely to make absolutely sure they don’t interfere with on-board communications and navigation (导航)
equipment.
However, the rules are different in different countries. This depends on the communications technology used in different countries and their airline safety regulations.
5 ．Where can the words in paragraph 1 probably be heard
A ．On the bus. B ．On the subway. C ．On the street. D ．On the plane.
6 ．How are the passengers likely to feel about the routine according to paragraph 2
A ．Worried. B ．Confused. C ．Embarrassed. D ．Disappointed.
7 ．What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about
A ．Why Wi-Fi can be used on planes.
B ．How the FAA’s safety department works.
C ．Why phones are required to be in airplane mode.
D ．What rights passengers have on the plane.
8 ．Which section of a newspaper is the text most probably taken from
A ．Travel. B ．Sport. C ．Environment. D ．Art.
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Passage 3
（24-25 学年高二下·福建福州联盟校·期中）
An art exhibition that combines scientific knowledge with creative inspiration was recently presented in Albany. The exhibition featured artworks from MIX Artists in the Great Southern
that showcased unique art-science cooperation between contemporary artists and marine (海洋的) scientists working in the region. The waters of the south coast and around Albany are well-known for their unique diversity of plants and animals, and the works conveyed important marine science knowledge and current research to a broad audience.
The Western Australian Marine Science Institution (WAMSI) provided opportunities for the artists to learn from marine scientists through talks, presentations and field trips. The artists also followed up with ongoing self-research and observation of their environment.
Dr Jenny Shaw, WAMSI Research Director, said, “It’s been a great opportunity to move science into the community and also see different interpretations of marine research topics.” The scientists benefited from explaining their work to different audiences, and the interest from the artists was incredibly high, contributing to a shared appreciation for the marine environment.
MIX Artists coordinator Annette Davis said the cooperation gave the artists fantastic insight into another world, and working with the scientists was fundamental to how the artworks had
developed. “Responding with intuition (直觉), curiosity and imagination, the artists have
interpreted their findings through chosen materials and techniques and created artworks to help move this understanding into the wider community,” Davis said.
The pursuit of marine science inspired some artists, whose artworks often centre around the finely-balanced coastal environment and the impact of structural change. Catherine Higham used seagrass and bamboo to make a large listening horn (喇叭) to listen to underwater life. Christine Baker’s work, titled Micro Plastic Menu, was inspired by a talk on microplastic pollution and how it enters food chains.
9 ．How did WAMSI assist the artists
A ．By aiding in materials creation. B ．By providing technical guidance.
C ．By offering a platform for art sales. D ．By organizing educational events.
10 ．What can we infer from the text
A ．The art exhibition of scientists is very eye-catching.
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B ．People are much more interested in science than in art.
C ．The participation of artists contributes to the spread of marine knowledge.
D ．Artists should go into the classroom to learn cultural knowledge.
11 ．Why is the work Micro Plastic Menu mentioned in the text
A ．To highlight the personal experiences ofthe artist.
B ．To illustrate that artists draw inspiration from science.
C ．To demonstrate the use of technology in contemporary art.
D ．To emphasize the role ofart in environmental conservation.
12 ．Which is the best title for the text
A ．An Art Exhibition by a Famous Marine Artist.
B ．A Cooperative Art and Marine Science Exhibition.
C ．An Exhibition Showcasing Traditional Art Forms.
D ．A Conference Discussing Marine Science Advancements.
Passage 4
（24-25 学年高二下·福建南安·期中）
The livestreaming and fast delivery industry have attracted so many young people that the industrial sector is short of manpower. “My advice is to encourage more young people to work in the factories and less in the express delivery sector,” Zhang Xinghai, a deputy to the National
People’s Congress, China’s top legislature, said during the ongoing NPC annual session.
Zhang wants more young people to work in the factories so that China’s manufacturing (制造业) sector continues to flourish.
Whatever job young people do is a matter of choice, but the manufacturing sector is facing a labor crunch (短缺) for too many people prefer jobs in other sectors.
A survey conducted by the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security in the third quarter of 2021 found that of 100 jobs that were facing a manpower crunch, 58 were in the
manufacturing sector. By 2025, the shortage in 10 key manufacturing industries could be as high as 30 million.
It is time some strong measures were taken to attract people back to the factories. This can be done by raising the salaries of factory workers.
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According to a survey in Guangzhou, capital of Guangdong province, the annual income of express delivery workers in the city is more than 100,000 yuan ($15,831). In contrast, the average monthly salary of those doing blue-collar jobs in Guangdong in 2020 was just 7,108 yuan, or
about 84,000 yuan a year. That gap surely needs to be reduced.
Besides, the legal rights and interests of those doing blue-collar jobs need to be better
protected. Express delivery workers can decide when they want to work, but factory workers have to work whenever the factory demands.
Therefore, the authorities should protect factory workers’ rights to weekends, 8-hour working schedules and paid leave.
Also, the promotion and salary growth structure of factory workers must be clearly defined. In a nutshell, to lure young people back to the factories, it is necessary to make blue-collar jobs
more attractive.
13 ．What can we infer from Zhang Xinghai’s words
A ．The future of the express delivery sector is hopeless.
B ．Working in factories in China are attractive to young people.
C ．Most young people are unwilling to work in the manufacturing sector.
D ．Working as a delivery man is quite easy for young people.
14 ．What does Paragraph 4 mainly tell us
A ．A lot of jobs in China are facing a labor crunch.
B ．Employment rate in China will be dramatically increased by 2025.
C ．There are 10 manufacturing industries facing manpower shortage in total.
D ．The industrial sector is facing a severe labor shortage.
15 ．Which is NOT the reason for manpower shortage in factories
A ．Flexible working hours. B ．Lower incomes.
C ．Undefined promotion structure. D ．Unprotected legal rights.
16 ．What is the author’s attitude towards the current situation of manufacturing industry
A ．Indifferent. B ．Concerned. C ．Unclear. D ．Neutral.
主题 02 人与自我
Passage 1
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（24-25 学年高二下·福师大附中·期中）
“Digital switching” is a term that refers to the modern habit of swiping (刷) through and fast-forwarding online videos. Researchers from Canada did some exploration of it.
Kay Y.Y.Tam, a psychology researcher, launched the study after noticing herself — and pretty much everyone else — swiping through online videos. This behavior was connected with the “Boredom Feedback Model”, a theory she had published in 2021. Boredom, she proposed, is rooted in attention shifts. These shifts often occur when there’s a gap between how engaged
people actually feel and how engaged they want to feel. The unpleasant emotion can develop when a situation lacks novelty or meaning.
“As digital switching involves frequent attention shifts, I wondered how this behavior might influence our feelings of boredom,” Tam said.
In her study, more than 1,200 participants, many of them university students, first watched a single video for ten minutes. They were then presented with seven shorter videos, with the
option to skip to the next. On average, they skipped eight times — but reported feeling more bored and less engaged when they watched the single video. Participants had a similar experience in
another similar experiment.
“I’m convinced that switching, when it comes to videos, is not a good idea if the goal is to have an enjoyable experience,” said Erin Westgate, a professor of psychology. “Sitting and
toughing it out is likely a better choice.”
The new findings add to a growing body of evidence that boredom is on the rise, despite a world filled with content we can access at all times. People who are bored often turn to their
phones, only to feel more bored. Swiping on social media has also been linked to increased feelings of boredom.
Boredom can motivate people to explore their environment and to stop investing time in an activity that has little to offer. However, if we rely too much on quick escapes, it would be like an animal jumping from tree to tree in search of food without staying long enough to see if a tree
bears fruit. That animal risks starvation.
17 ．What is the cause of attention shifts according to Tam’s theory
A ．The feeling of boredom. B ．The unsatisfied desire.
C ．The degree of engagement. D ．The lack of emotion.
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18 ．What does Tam’s study of“digital switching” focus on
A ．Its reason. B ．Its consequence. C ．The theory behind it. D ．The solution to it.
19 ．What is the main purpose of the last paragraph
A ．To solve a problem. B ．To make a suggestion.
C ．To raise a question. D ．To give a warning.
20 ．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text
A ．Digital Switching: the End of Endless Boredom
B ．Digital Switching: the Result of Endless Boredom
C ．Digital Switching: the Trap of Endless Boredom
D ．Digital Switching: the Root of Endless Boredom
Passage 2
（24-25 学年高二下·福建莆田八中·期中）
Following its move into podcasting (播客) two years ago, streaming platform Spotify
started an audiobook (有声书) business. Though it has yet to start making its own recordings, last autumn it made a deal for 200,000 audiobooks to be available to its VIP users.
Not to be beaten, Amazon-owned Audible, which had been used to being the market leader, upped its game, hiring Oscar-winning director Sam Mendes to record multi-voice versions (版本 ) of Dickens’ novels Oliver Twist and David Copperfield, and announcing last month that it had
reached an agreement for a recording of J. K. Rowling’s Harry Potter series, voiced by more than 100 actors and featuring a “groundbreaking new soundscape”.
Dramatised audiobooks are not an entirely new phenomenon. The use of multiple voices
made them accessible to readers who might not have had the patience for the written versions. For example, George Saunders’s Lincoln in the Bardo, which surrounded the dead son of Abraham
Lincoln with a group of spirit voices, became a great game of “spot the big name” .
Even single-voice readings can significantly change literature in which style is at the heart. Lucy Ellmann’s hit Ducks, Newburyport, is a case in point: a thousand-page stream of an Ohio
woman’s thoughts, written in a single sentence. It unfolds on audio as a 45-hour monologue (独白), which is not the same thing at all, if only because an actor needs to breathe.
To say that audio versions are different does not mean they are not as good as printed texts,
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as brain scans (扫描) have shown that they excite the same parts of the brain. Additionally,
listening to stories makes hearts beat stronger than watching them, according to a latest study. For people with dyslexia (阅读障碍), they can even be a lifeline — as they can be for those who do not have time for, or the habit of, reading books.
So while we celebrate what audiobooks have in common with their printed versions — both enable the brain to create its own pictures in a world where pre-produced images too often do all
the work for us — we should also recognize that they are translations into a different medium, even when read by the authors themselves. What is certain is that there is room for both.
21 ．What strategy did Audible use to maintain its market leader position
A ．Creating its own prize-winning audiobook content.
B ．Focusing on single-voice audiobook productions.
C ．Offering low-priced audiobooks to its new customers.
D ．Inviting a well-known director to record classic novels.
22 ．How does the author present the effects of different versions of audiobooks
A ．By giving examples. B ．By sharing readers’ experiences.
C ．By presenting data. D ．By referring to experts’ words.
23 ．What is the purpose of the last but one paragraph
A ．To show the advantages of audiobooks.
B ．To compare audiobooks with printed texts.
C ．To inform readers of findings about audiobooks.
D ．To stress audiobooks’ value in treating dyslexia.
24 ．What is the author’s view on the future of audiobooks and printed texts
A ．It depends on the choices of readers.
B ．Both of them hold the future of reading.
C ．Audiobook popularity is not expected to last.
D ．Audiobooks will eventually replace printed texts.
Passage 3
（24-25 学年高二下·福建泉州七中·期中）
While AI can beat us at chess, driving cars, and even composing music, making us laugh
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seems to be its final boundary.
My musical comedy, Artificially Intelligent, was inspired by the time I asked AI to write me a show based on my life, and it gave me some madly terrible results. I performed some of its
materials in the show, and I even made AI write a song for an audience member live on the spot, and it was always funny in its terribleness. It generated songs telling the audience member who is a doctor to hit the eyes of her co-worker who she is always arguing with. However, this wasn’t
independent thinking; we had to feed AI as much information as possible to get any results from it. When it comes to actually getting AI to craft jokes on its own, it can’t.
The problem with AI and comedy is its lack of human nuance (细微差别) for humor. AI
might be able to create a joke structure, but it does not have the ability to pull from personal
experience. It lacks a point of view, situational awareness, context, and cultural awareness needed for good comedy. Irony (讽刺), a complex form of human communication, is hard for AI because of its reliance on context, tone, and cultural knowledge. Unlike humans, AI can’t infer meaning
beyond clear statements. Irony involves saying one thing but meaning another, relying on shared context, but AI only processes text and can’t pick up audio and visual cues for irony. AI must
signal it’s making a joke.
As of now, though AI has made impressive progress in some areas, it is absolutely not
funny, but in the future theoretically yes. When technology advances to the point where robots are walking around with free will and independent thinking, experiencing life and potentially even
emotions, they would theoretically begin to have enough viewpoints to create comedy, or an
activity that voices their experience of being an AI. However, this would create its own culture and would only be relatable to other AIs.
The truth is that audience is really enjoying the AI-generated material in my show, even if the joke is bad. But — technically — does that make it funny
25 ．How does the author illustrate AI’s limitation in making jokes in Paragraph 2
A ．By providing data. B ．By giving an example.
C ．By showing a survey result. D ．By making a comparison.
26 ．What does the author try to explain in Paragraph 3
A ．What AI jokes are made up of. B ．How AI understands the meaning of irony.
C．Why AI fails to create a good joke actually. D．Whether AI can learn from funny experiences.
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27 ．What does the author think of AI in the future
A ．It will relate its culture to humans. B ．It will teach itself the theory of comedy.
C ．It will be free to express others’ feelings. D ．It will develop its own culture of humor.
28 ．Which can be a suitable title for this passage
A ．Will AI ever be funny B ．Is AI going to learn to laugh
C ．Is AI the future of entertainment D ．Will AI be the pioneer in new fields
Passage 4
（24-25 学年高二下·福建泉州科技中学·期中）
Self-confidence is trusting in our abilities or qualities. It’s usually seen as a good thing. But is it possible that we might benefit from a little less confidence in our beliefs
For many years, Dr. Mark Leary, a neuroscientist at Duke University in Durham, N.C. , has studied the role of people’s beliefs in their behavior. He found overconfidence is very common,
especially when it comes to what people believe to be true, and can lead us to disastrous decisions. In 1986, NASA believed that the risk of loss for any space flight was roughly 1 in 100,000. It was an overconfident belief and might have led to the explosion of the Challenger. The good news is
that there’s a “vaccine (疫苗)” for overconfidence, and that’s what scientists call “intellectual humility”— recognizing that your beliefs could be wrong.
A survey of 144 college students to measure their intellectual humility found that students who saw their thinking could be wrong tended to be more curious and more likely to seek out new knowledge. They ended up knowing more at the end of the day. But does it actually help you
beyond that
To find out more, Dr. Tenelle Porter at Ball State University conducted a series of studies with high school students. She found that students with intellectual humility were much more
likely to test themselves to see whether they really understood the material and seek out potential holes in their understanding. When they got test scores, they’d change their study strategics to
improve their performance and master the material for the next test.
Students who didn’t see their knowledge could be wrong might instead just sail through
their studying and wouldn’t stop to ask themselves if they truly understood what they read, heard, or did. Such students thought they got a subject down pat, but when asked to explain it on a test,
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they found they didn’t actually understand as much as they had thought.
Although it might be good for you, researchers recognize that questioning your beliefs can be truly hard. Still, it’s important to remember that questioning beliefs isn’t always about
replacing old ones with new ones. If you find it hard to question a belief, try taking “baby steps.”
29 ．Why does the author mention the explosion of the Challenger
A ．To express his sorrow for the loss.
B ．To stress the high risk of space flights.
C ．To show the result of wrong operation.
D ．To give an example of overconfidence.
30 ．What do we know about intellectual humility according to Porter’s research
A ．It urged students to gain recognition.
B ．It encouraged students to take exams.
C ．It helped students to adjust learning methods.
D ．It motivated students to memorize knowledge.
31 ．What do the underlined words “got a subject down pat” mean in paragraph 5
A ．Fully mastered a subject. B ．Put great effort into a subject
C ．Really enjoyed a subject. D ．Benefited a lot from a subject.
32 ．What will probably be discussed in the following paragraphs
A ．Why questioning our belief is hard.
B ．Why intellectual humility is helpful.
C ．How to become a confident person.
D ．How to practice intellectual humility.
主题 03 人与自然
Passage 1
（24-25 学年高二下·福建福州一中·期中）
Edward Wilson is America's, if not the world’s, leading naturalist. In The Future of Life, he takes us on a tour of the world's natural resources. How are they used What has been lost
What remains and is it able to continue with the present speed of use Wilson also points out the need to understand fully the biodiversity of our earth.
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Wilson begins with an open letter to the pioneer in environment protection, Henry David Thoreau. He compares today’s Walden Pond with that of Thoreau’s day. Wilson will use such comparisons for the rest ofthe book. The problem is clear: man has done great damage to his
home over the years. We may wonder whether the earth, with human help, be made to return to biodiversity levels that will be able to support us in the future
Biodiversity, Wilson argues, is the key to settling many problems the earth faces today
Even our agricultural crops can gain advantages from it. A mere hundred species are the basis of our food supply, of which around twenty carry the load. Wilson suggests changing this situation by looking into ten thousand species that could be made use of, which will be a way to reduce the clearing of the natural homes of plants and animals to enlarge farming areas.
At the end of the book, Wilson discusses the importance of human values in considering the environment. If you are to continue to live on the earth, you may well read and act on the ideas in this book.
33 ．What does Wilson care most about
A ．The environment for plants.
B ．The ecological variety of life on earth.
C ．The wastes of natural resources.
D ．The importance of human values.
34 ．Why is the open letter to Thoreau mentioned in paragraph 2
A ．To express Wilson's longing for the past.
B ．To highlight the desperation of mankind.
C ．To emphasize man-caused damage to the environment.
D ．To call for more help to change the current situation.
35 ．How many species are most important to our present food supply
A ．Twenty. B ．Eighty. C ．One hundred. D ．Ten thousand.
36 ．What is this text most likely
A ．An advocacy article. B ．A research report.
C ．A book review. D ．An introduction to a scientist.
Passage 2
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（24-25 学年高二下·福建莆田十五中·期中）
Climate change is causing Europe to heat up more quickly than any other continent, and that heat is deadly, according to a new report by European climate officials.
The whole planet is warming up because of heat-trapping pollution (吸热污染) from oil,
gas and coal. But Europe is getting warmer faster. Samantha Burgess is the deputy director of the Copernicus Climate Change Service, which is the EU’s official weather and climate organization. She says Europe is warming about twice as fast as the global average. “Globally, we’re looking at about a 0.2 degrees Celsius change per decade, whereas Europe is, I think, about 0.4 degrees
Celsius per decade.”
Those tenths of a degree add up quickly. Europe is already more than 4 degrees Fahrenheit warmer than it was in the late 1800s. One reason Europe is heating up so quickly is that it’s very close to the Arctic, and the polar regions feel the effects of climate change more intensely.
Another reason is that the ocean and atmospheric currents around Europe are warmer in general than those at similar latitudes (纬度) in other parts of the world. That’s why London’s winters are so much more temperate than Chicago’s, even though London is farther north. And it means that as the oceans and atmosphere heat up, Europe feels it in a big way.
Last year was tied for the hottest year on record in Europe. A new report by the Copernicus Climate Change Service and the United Nations finds that the number of deaths from hot weather in Europe has grown by at least 30% in the last 20 years.
Last summer was a prime (最典型的) example. During a heat wave in July, intense heat and humidity made it feel like it was 110 degrees Celsius or hotter in nearly half of southern
Europe. That’s the kind of heat that can kill people if they don’t have access to air conditioning. Preliminary estimates say tens of thousands of people likely died. European cities are scrambling to make sure residents have access to air conditioning and reliable electricity for that air
conditioning.
37 ．Why does the author mention what Samantha Burgess said in Paragraph 2
A ．To indicate that Europe used the most oil, gas and coal.
B ．To suggest that Europe had the most people killed by heat.
C ．To prove that Europe was getting warmer the fastest.
D ．To tell us that Europe is in the Arctic region.
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38 ．What caused London’s winter to be warmer than that of Chicago
A ．The difference of latitudes.
B ．The distance from the equator.
C ．The impact of heat-trapping pollution.
D ．The effect of ocean and atmospheric currents.
39 ．What does the underlined word “scrambling” in the last paragraph mean
A ．Climbing hard to the top of a mountain.
B ．Writing words too casually to be readable.
C ．Competing with others in order to get something.
D ．Managing to do something in a hurry.
40 ．Which column of a newspaper does this article belong to
A ．Environment. B ．History. C ．Source. D ．Health.
Passage 3
（24-25 学年高二下·福建泉州中远学校·期中）
Europe’s series record-breaking hot and dry summers have broken an easy link to climate change. Climate models show Europe warms faster than the rest ofthe planet and the Arctic
melting eventually causes massive ocean currents (洋流) and regional hot air circulation patterns.
Arctic melting is adding roughly 6000 cubic kilometers of water or more to the ocean per
decade. As that fresh-water pours into the North Atlantic Ocean, it sits on top of heavier ocean
salt-water and stops mixing. With less heat being stirred in from below, the surface water gets
colder than usual during the fall and winter months, says Marilena Oltmanns, a climate scientist at the U.K. National Oceanography Centre. This phenomenon may explain the so-called “cold blob”, an area of sea in the North Atlantic that NASA nodeling suggests is one of the few spots on Earth getting colder.
To explore how the fresh water from Arctic ice might be affecting weather, Oltmanns and her colleagues developed a way to combine data from satellites, and weather stations. They found when the freshwater-caused cold blobs were more intense, the boundary was sharper, bringing
more powerful westerly (向西的) winds. As a result, the stronger westerlies move a warm ocean flow from roughly 45°N to 60°N. That shift can continue into the next summer. And like a barrier,
试卷第 15 页，共 31 页
this warm current, curls up and around the British Isles, allowing a mass of hot, dry air to camp out over Europe.
“The study convincingly puts meat on the bones of an expectation I and others have had for a while — that the cold blob south of Greenland would influence North Atlantic weather patterns, as well as those downstream over Europe,” says Jennifer Francis, a climate scientist at Woodwell Climate Research Center.
41 ．What does the underlined word “cold blob” in paragraph 2 mean
A ．Climate models. B ．Ocean current.
C ．Cold water zone. D ．Air circulation patterns.
42 ．What does paragraph 3 focus on
A ．Introduce the form of cold blob.
B ．Present a phenomenon of climate changes in Europe.
C ．Survey some data for the study.
D ．Analyze the reason of hot and dry summer in Europe.
43 ．What is Jennifer’s attitude toward the study
A ．Approving. B ．Indifferent. C ．Doubtful. D ．Unclear.
44 ．What can we infer from the passage
A ．Human activities change climate models.
B ．Arctic melting contributes to European heat waves.
C ．Climate changes have little impact on ocean currents.
D ．Global warming results in the rise of the temperature.
主题 01 人与社会
Passage 1
（24-25 学年高二下·福建恒一集团·期中）
A lack of scientific evidence has led some to question whether herbs used in traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) actually relieve people’s illnesses. A new study, published in the
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journal Science Advances, might start to challenge that view. Scientists have developed a new tool that could be used to predict the effectiveness of these herbs. They’ve begun to confirm some of
its predictions using clinical data from patients treated in a traditional Chinese medicine hospital.
“To our knowledge, this is the first scientific theory to explain how a traditional medicine system works,” lead study author Xiao Gan, a researcher at the Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology in China said.
In the new study, the authors looked at genes (基因) thought to be responsible for causing specific symptoms (症状) of disease. They relied on an already published dataset that connected the dots between disease symptoms and the underlying genes and proteins that give rise to those illnesses. Pulling this data together, the researchers were able to score how well these herbs might relieve specific symptoms of the disease. These scores were based on how close the herbs’ target proteins were to the proteins associated with various symptoms.
The authors then compared their predictions to herbs recognized by the Chinese
Pharmacopoeia as effective against specific disease symptoms. They also used the model to
review prescriptions(处方) that patients at the Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Wuhan received while being treated for liver disease. Gan said the herbs that they
identified as effective from the two data sources supported their model’s predictions. The authors also used their model to identify potential new applications for the herbs, beyond what’s already recommended by the Chinese Pharmacopoeia.
Testing natural products in clinical trials can be costly, so it is helpful to use computer
simulations (模拟) to identify potential drug targets, said Xiang-Qun Xie, a professor at the
University of Pittsburgh. Xie pointed out more data are needed to support these findings and that it would be useful to study how TCM herbs and modern medications may interact in patients who
take them at the same time.
45 ．What is the purpose of the new study
A ．To study the side effects ofTCM herbs.
B ．To analyze the genetic makeup of TCM herbs.
C ．To forecast the effectiveness of TCM herbs.
D ．To compare TCM herbs with modern medications.
46 ．How did the researchers score TCM herbs in the study
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A ．By analyzing their chemical makeup.
B ．By carrying out clinical trials on patients.
C ．By asking patients about their experiences of using them.
D ．By comparing their target proteins with disease-related proteins.
47 ．What can be inferred about the study from paragraph 4
A ．Some TCM herbs tested by the model are rarely used.
B ．The model may be used to develop new medicines.
C ．The data sources used by the model are not big enough.
D ．More models should be created to review prescriptions.
48 ．What might Xiang-Qun Xie agree with
A ．Researchers should try to cut the cost of their study.
B ．It is necessary to find new ways to figure out potential drug targets.
C ．The weaknesses of computer simulations in drug development are ignored.
D ．The interaction between TCM herbs and modern medications needs to be studied.
Passage 2
（24-25 学年高二下·福建莆田华侨中学·期中）
DeepSeek, a relatively new name in the tech-world, has been making waves with its
innovative approach to artificial intelligence. This company has developed advanced AI models that are designed to handle a wide range of tasks,from natural language processing to complex data analytics.
One of the most remarkable features of DeepSeek’s AI is its ability to learn and adapt at an astonishing rate. It can analyze data, identify patterns, and then use this knowledge to make
accurate predictions. For example, in the field of healthcare, DeepSeek’ s AI can process patient medical records, including symptoms, test results, and treatment histories.By doing so, it can aid doctors in diagnosing diseases more precisely and suggesting personalized treatment plans.
DeepSeek also focuses on making its technology accessible. It has developed user-friendly interfaces(人机界面)that allow even those without technical knowledge to utilize the power of AI. This has led to its adoption in various industries, such as finance, where it can help with risk
assessment and fraud detection. In the retail sector, it can analyze customer behavior to optimize
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inventory management and marketing strategies.
However, DeepSeek’s AI also faces some challenges. One major concern is the ethical use of data. As the AI relies on large-scale data collection, ensuring the privacy and security of this
data is crucial. DeepSeek is aware of these concerns and has implemented strict data protection measures. It adheres to international data privacy regulations and uses encryption(加密)
techniques to safeguard the data it processes.
Another challenge is the potential for bias in the AI algorithms. If the training data contains biases, the AI’s predictions and decisions may also be skewed (有偏见的). To address this,
DeepSeek uses a variety of techniques, such as diverse data sampling and fairness-aware algorithms, to ensure that the AI is as unbiased as possible.
Despite these challenges, DeepSeek is well-positioned to play a significant role in the future of AI. Its continuous innovation and commitment to addressing ethical and technical issues make it a company to watch in the rapidly evolving tech landscape.
49 ．How can DeepSeek’s AI be applied in healthcare
A ．By relieving patients’ severe symptoms.
B ．By providing medical training for doctors.
C ．By facilitating the precision of equipment.
D ．By helping doctors with diagnosis and treatment.
50 ．What can be inferred from Paragraph 3
A ．Deepseek is designed for professionals.
B ．Deepseek has the capacity to eliminate risks.
C ．Deekseek can replace customers to make decisions.
D ．Deepseek’s interfaces promote its extensive application.
51 ．What measures has DeepSeek taken to address the ethical use of data
A ．It has ceased collecting private data.
B ．It has utilized the data with the users’ permission.
C ．It has adopted some technology to protect the data.
D ．It has prohibited sharing the data with other companies.
52 ．What is the author’s attitude towards DeepSeek
A ．Objective. B ．Favorable. C ．Skeptical. D ．Ambiguous.
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Passage 3
（24-25 学年高二下·福建永春二中·期中）
College and high-school teachers are expressing concern about ChatGPT, an AI program
that allows people with limited writing skills to create high-quality texts. It calls into question how and why we teach writing at all. IfAI can do a fairly good job at most writing tasks, why spend so much time learning writing in school
In fact, learning to write goes beyond just mastering grammar, punctuation, and sentence
structure. It involves much more. For one thing, it’s about learning to turn a loose set of thoughts into a clear line of reasoning — a skill that is useful for everyone, not just those who enjoy writing or need to do a lot ofit for work.
Learning to write also trains your imagination to construct the person who will read your words. It puts you in relation to someone you may not know, someone who may even not exist. When you learn to write, you learn to meet their needs in an unfamiliar context. Even ordinary assignments teach students to predict what another person knows and expects.
Writing is never simply self-expression. It’s expression to a specific audience for a specific purpose. In some cases, like a love letter, a writer knows their audience very well. In others, the
audience is every bit a work of the imagination as a novel’s characters are. Writers, then, should give up trying to address the public at large, but should imagine that a friend, though not the
closest friend, is listening to our talk.
When this act of imagination is done well, a reader can feel deeply understood, as if a
stranger has told them some previously unknown truth about themselves. That’s how I felt reading “Difference Maker” — an essay about parenthood. While our situations were unique, naming the problem provided a deeper understanding.
It seems unavoidable that large-language models of AI will allow us to offload some of the writing tasks that students learn in school. But we can’t allow ourselves to lose the capacity to
empathize (共情) with distant strangers at just the moment when we’re more able than ever to communicate with them.
53 ．What is teachers’ concern about ChatGPT
A ．It’s a challenge to apply it to teaching. B ．It’s hard to grade a paper written by it.
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C ．It limits students’ imagination and creativity. D ．It questions the necessity of teaching writing.
54 ．What does the author think of learning to write
A ．It helps with logical thinking. B ．It is a basic skill for everyone.
C ．It focuses on correct expression. D ．It is closely related to social skills.
55 ．What makes writing effective according to the text
A ．Expressing oneself. B ．Targeting intended readers.
C ．Conveying imaginative ideas. D ．Creating attractive characters.
56 ．What may be a suitable title for the text
A ．What AI Can’t Teach the Writing Students B ．ChatGPT Writing VS Traditional Writing
C ．Never Lose the Capacity for Empathy D ．What Is the Future for AI Writing
Passage 4
（24-25 学年高二下·福建三明双十中学·期中）
Beethoven is a giant of classical music. And the one with the most influence at least when it comes to piano compositions. That’s according to a study in the journal EPJ Data Science.
If you’re wondering how data analysis could determine something as abstract as cultural
influence, it’s worth remembering the great thing about music: it’s the most mathematical of the
art forms we actually can deal with because a lot ofit is symbolic. The music is written in symbols that are connected in time.
Juyong Park is a theoretical physicist at the Korea Advanced institute of Science and
Technology. Park and his colleagues collected 900 piano compositions by 19 composers covering the Baroque, Classical and Romantic periods, from 1700 to 1910. Then they used that
mathematical quality to their advantage by dividing each composition into what they called “code words,” a group of notes played at the same time—in other words, a chord. They then compared each chord to the chords that came before it. “Our computer model allows us to calculate the
degree of shared melodies between past and future works.” said Park.
The composer with top marks for novelty was Rachmaninoff. But when the researchers
looked at those chord transitions across all 19 composers, it was Beethoven who was most heavily borrowed from—meaning, at least among the composers in this analysis, his influence was the
largest.
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Their study comes with a couple caveats. The researchers only considered piano
compositions in this work—-not orchestral works. And by only studying chord transitions, their conclusions wouldn’t capture artists who had influence in other ways. “It’s well understood that Mozart’s contribution to music mainly comes from the musical forms that he devised. That was not very well captured by our mathematical modeling.”
57 ．How did the researchers conduct the study
A ．They turned music compositions into written symbols.
B ．They looked at how chords differed from previous ones.
C ．They collected 900 pieces from contemporary composer.
D ．They calculated the number of chords in each music piece.
58 ．What can be known from the research findings
A ．Beethoven was best at coming up with new chords.
B ．Beethoven borrowed heavily from another composer.
C ．Rachmaninoff’s chords were most unlike previous ones.
D ．Rachmaninoff’s chords were copied by future composers.
59 ．What does he underlined word “caveats” probably mean
A ．warnings B ．benefits C ．costs D ．proofs
60 ．Which of the following is the best title for this passage
A ．Beethoven Regarded as a Giant of Classical Music.
B ．Similarity between Music and Math Investigated.
C ．Beethoven’s Major Musical Contribution Confirmed.
D ．Computer Analyses Confirm Beethoven’s Influence.
主题 02 人与自我
Passage 1
（24-25 学年高二下·福建三明五县·期中）
You probably know the feeling of having a hearty meal at a restaurant, and feeling full and satisfied, only to take a peek at the dessert menu and decide the cheesecake looks just irresistible. So why is it that you just absolutely couldn’t have another bite, but you somehow make an
exception for a sweet treat
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Scientists now have a better understanding of the neural origins ofthis urge thanks to a recent study published in the journal Science. Working with mice, researchers tried to set up a scenario similar to the human experience described above.
In the experiment, mice were first given a standard meal after not eating for a day. They ate until they were full. Then, during a 30-minute “dessert” period, researchers offered either more of the same food or a high-sugar option. When given sugary food, the mice ate six times more
calories than when offered regular food.
The researchers focused on POMC neurons in the hypothalamus, a brain region linked to
feelings of fullness. They found that when mice ate sugary food, these neurons released
beta-endorphin (内啡肽), a chemical that binds to opioid receptors in the brain, creating a sense of reward. This explains why we desire sweets even when full — sugar triggers a pleasure response in the brain.
When scientists blocked this opioid pathway, the mice avoided sugar. Similar neural
activity was observed in humans, suggesting that our brains are wired to desire sugar. According to Henning Fenselau, a study author, this mechanism likely evolved to encourage the consumption of high-energy foods like sugar.
Other research has linked sugar to the brain’s dopamine (多巴 胺) system, with some studies suggesting long-term sugar consumption can have effects similar to addictive drugs. However, this study was short-term and didn’t examine long-term effects like weight gain or metabolic changes.
Dr. Paule Joseph, a metabolism researcher, suggests that future studies should explore how these brain circuits function over time, especially with chronic sugar exposure. Understanding this reward pathway could help explain how overeating sugar contributes to obesity. This research
sheds light on why we find desserts so irresistible, even when we’re full.
61 ．What is the main focus of the experiment
A ．Sugar-caused weight gain in mice.
B ．Role of dopamine in food addiction.
C ．Effects of not eating for a long time.
D ．Neural basis of post-meal sweet desires.
62 ．Why did mice avoid sugar when the opioid pathway was blocked
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A ．They lost their sense of taste.
B ．They consumed too many calories.
C ．The sugar reward response was removed.
D ．Part of their brain was severely damaged.
63 ．In paragraph 5, what does “this mechanism” refer to
A ．Preference for high-energy foods.
B ．Dopamine causing sugar addiction.
C ．Fullness neurons releasing chemicals.
D ．Sugar activating the brain’s reward system.
64 ．What does Dr. Paule Joseph suggest for future research
A ．Developing drugs to block urges for sugar immediately.
B ．Studying how brain circuits change with long-term sugar intake.
C ．Comparing sugar’s effects to those of addictive drugs.
D ．Investigating why mice and humans have similar neural responses.
Passage 2
（24-25 学年高二下·福建三明双十中学·期中）
When we think about lives filled with meaning, we often focus on people whose grand contributions benefited humanity. Abraham Lincoln, Martin Luther King and Nelson Mandela surely felt they had a worthwhile life. But how about us ordinary people, struggling in a typical existence
There is an important element to consider. Think about the first butterfly you stop to admire after a long winter or imagine the scenery at the top of a hill after a fresh hike. Sometimes
existence delivers us small moments of beauty. When people are open to appreciating such
experiences, these moments may enhance how they view their life. This element is defined as EA (experiential appreciation) by Joshua Hicks, a psychological professor at Texas A & M
University.
Recently, he and his research team set out to figure out whether EA was related to a
person’s sense of meaning in a series of studies that involved more than 3,000 participants. At an initial test, researchers had participants rate their agreement of different coping strategies to
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relieve their stress. They found people who managed stress by focusing on their appreciation for life’s beauty also reported experiencing life as highly meaningful.
Researchers then conducted a series of experiments, in which they gave participants
specific tasks and, once more, asked them to report how strongly they identified with statements linked to purpose, etc. In one case, participants who watched an awe-inspiring video reported
having a greater sense of EA and meaning in life, compared with those watched more neutral
videos. After reflecting on the results collected from the participants, researchers confirmed their original theory.
But applying that insight can be difficult. Our modern, fast-paced lifestyles fill the day with targets and goals. We are on the go, and we attempt to maximize output both at work and at
leisure.
This focus on future outcomes makes it all too easy to miss what is happening right now. Yet life happens in the present moment. We should slow down, let life surprise us and embrace the significance in the everyday life.
65 ．Why are the butterfly and the scenery on a hill mentioned in paragraph 2
A ．To deliver moments of beauty. B ．To explain personal experiences.
C ．To present the concept of EA. D ．To show the necessity of protecting nature.
66 ．How did the researchers conduct the study
A ．By studying previous research data.
B ．By analyzing the response from the participants.
C ．By shooting videos starring the participants.
D ．By designing different strategies to reduce stress.
67 ．Who tends to find life more meaningful according to the text
A ．A person who always gets her life well-organized.
B ．A person who leads a fast-paced life.
C ．A person who often hears motivating speeches.
D ．A person who always expects future results.
68 ．What life philosophy does the author show in the last paragraph
A ．No pains, no gains.
B ．Live your life one day at a time.
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C ．Being on sea, sail; being on land, settle.
D ．Those who believe in their ability can do anything.
Passage 3
（24-25 学年高二下·福建厦门六中·期中）
Many scholars agree that a meaningful existence comes down to three factors: the
coherence of one’s life, the possession of clear long-term goals and the belief that one’s life matters. But we believe there is another element to consider.
Imagine the first butterfly you stop to admire after a long winter or the scenery atop a hill after a fresh hike. Sometimes existence delivers us small moments of beauty. When people are open to appreciating such experiences, these moments may further improve how they view their life. We call this element experiential appreciation, an ability to detect and admire life’s inner
beauty as events happen.
To better understand this appreciation, we conducted a series of studies involving over
3,000 participants. Initially, we had participants rate their coping strategies to ease their stress.
Those managing stress by focusing on their appreciation for life’s beauty reported experiencing life as highly meaningful. In the follow-ups, we asked them to rate the degree to which they
agreed with various statements, such as “I have a great appreciation for the beauty of life” and
other statements related to coherence, purpose, existential mattering. Our results showed that the more people indicated that they were “appreciating life”, the more they felt their existence
valuable. In the experiment that followed, we further explored the phenomenon by asking
participants to watch an awe-inspiring video. They also reported having a greater sense of
experiential appreciation and meaning in life in these moments, compared with those watching more neutral videos.
The final results confirmed our original theory: appreciating small things can make life feel more meaningful. But applying that insight can be difficult. Our modern, fast-paced,
project-oriented (任务驱动的) lifestyles fill the day with targets. We are on the go, attempting to make the most of our output. This makes it easy to miss what is happening right now. Yet life
happens in the present moment. We should slow down, let life surprise us and embrace the significance in the everyday. After all, we live in a wonderful world. There is no end to the
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adventures we can have if only we seek them with our eyes open.
69 ．Why does the author mention the admiration of a butterfly
A ．To raise a question. B ．To describe a picture.
C ．To draw a conclusion. D ．To introduce a concept.
70 ．What is mainly explored through the studies in Paragraph 3
A ．The life of the participants involved in the study.
B ．The contribution of a long-term goal in life.
C ．The theory of experiential appreciation.
D ．The analysis of the belief that matters most.
71 ．What makes it hard for us to appreciate the present according to the passage
A ．Our modern fast-paced lifestyle. B ．The lack of opportunities.
C ．Our focus on individual feelings. D ．The ignorance of future outcomes.
72 ．Which of the following suggestions will the author probably agree with
A ．Fill every day with a great many targets.
B ．Find the inner beauty of ourselves.
C ．Appreciate little wonders of everyday life.
D ．Explore the end of a significant life.
主题 03 人与自然
Passage 1
（24-25 学年高二下·福建泉州科技中学·期中）
A biological study from Stanford University finds the diversity of life in the world’s oceans has declined over the past 145 million years during periods of extreme warming. Rising
temperatures that make it hard for cold-blooded sea creatures to breathe have likely been among the biggest drivers for changes in ocean biodiversity.
“What’s important about our study is not that it shows we are having a loss of diversity
when ocean temperatures rise but that pattern is maintained over millions of years,” said Thomas Boag, who co-authored a study.
The team found proof for that pattern in rock records for ocean animals going back to the time when the first flowering plants appeared and the Rocky Mountains began to rise. They used
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earth chemical data as an indicator for past temperatures. They found that in colder periods,
diversity reaches its maximum at low latitudes (纬度), but in hotter periods, its maximum is at higher latitudes. This pattern has been kept over millions of years.
Armed with this finding, the team developed a digital model of the relationship between
ocean temperature and biodiversity of ocean animals. The results suggest ocean biodiversity
increases steadily with sea surface temperature up to about 20-25℃. Up beyond that range,
biodiversity drops off due to the limits of oxygen content. As temperatures rise, water’s oxygen
content falls, while animals’ need for oxygen grows. Imagine a mountain climber who might need extra oxygen to reach the top. Climbers have the option to carry an oxygen tank, but ocean
animals, particularly cold-blooded species that rely on the external environment to manage their body temperature, are pushed to move and even likely face extinction.
The findings paint an upsetting future for ocean ecosystems at low latitudes and many coastal communities who rely on them for food in the absence of action to dramatically slow global warming. If global warming is left unchecked in the coming centuries, it would kill off many species of ocean animals and move most survivors away from the warm waters.
73 ．What is the major finding of the study according to Thomas Boag
A ．Global temperatures change.
B ．Ocean biodiversity declines.
C ．A pattern exists in the ocean ecology.
D ．A distribution of ocean lives remains.
74 ．How did the study team learn the global temperatures in history
A ．By developing a digital model.
B ．By consulting earth chemical data.
C ．By researching ocean rock records.
D ．By conducting logical assumptions.
75 ．What is the last paragraph intended to do
A ．Present a warning. B ．Express a feeling.
C ．Offer a solution. D ．Stress a finding.
76 ．What can be a suitable title of the text
A ．Biodiversity and temperature changes
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B ．Lower temperatures, richer ocean lives
C ．Lower latitudes, worse biodiversity risk
D ．Global warming and ocean life diversity
Passage 2
（24-25 学年高二下·福建厦门十中·期中）
Popular and distinctive, known for their kitten-like faces and red coats, red pandas are endangered with their numbers decreasing. Due to their fragmented (分散的) populations,
obtaining an accurate count is challenging, but the World Wildlife Fund (WWF) estimates that fewer than 10,000 remain in the wild. Alarmingly, their populations are believed to have
decreased by approximately 40% over the past two decades.
Red pandas rely heavily on bamboo. About 98% of a red panda’s diet is bamboo. But
unlike giant pandas that eat almost all parts of the plant, red pandas are captious and only dine on the nutrient-rich tips ofthe leaves and the tasty, tender shoots. They need a lot ofit to
survive-around 2 kilograms each day. Sometimes, if they have no other option, they will eat fruit, roots, acorns, grasses, insects, and bird eggs, as well as kill small animals.
Unfortunately, finding enough bamboo has become increasingly difficult as red pandas’
habitats continue to shrink. Human activities such as deforestation for housing, farming, and
mining have led to significant habitat loss. Additionally, livestock (家畜) in forests competes with red pandas for bamboo. Natural disasters, including landslides, floods, and heavy snow, have
further damaged their habitats. Other threats include forest fires, invasive (入侵的) plant species, and the natural death of bamboo. Red pandas also face dangers from illegal hunting. The
International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) reports that hunting is increasing, with red pandas being killed for their fur and meat. Some hunters even capture and sell them as illegal pets.
Efforts are underway to protect red pandas and their habitats. China has established 46
protected areas, covering about 65% of the species’ habitats. India, Bhutan, and Myanmar have also established protected areas. Organizations such as the Red Panda Network and WWF are working with local communities to raise awareness, train wildlife guardians, and establish
conservation programs.
By supporting conservation efforts, individuals can help ensure a future for these
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endangered animals. Promising to protect the environment or virtually adopting a red panda can make a difference.
77 ．What makes it difficult to count wild red pandas
A ．They frequently move from different habitats.
B ．They live in deep forests with little human access.
C ．Their numbers are decreasing too quickly to track.
D ．Their populations spread across different regions.
78 ．What does the underlined word “captious” in paragraph 2 mean
A ．Greedy. B ．Picky. C ．Careless. D ．Generous.
79 ．What is the main idea of paragraph 3
A ．The impact of red pandas’ issues. B ．The difficulty in protecting red pandas.
C ．The causes for red pandas’ endangerment. D ．The situation of the habitats of red pandas.
80 ．Which is one way to protect red pandas
A．Adopting a red panda from the WWF. B．Encouraging locals to protect the environment.
C．Breeding them in zoos for future release. D．Stopping all human activities in their habitats.
Passage 3
（24-25 学年高二下·福建厦门外国语·期中）
A dropped bag of chips disturbed a cave ecosystem in Carlsbad Caverns National Park,
New Mexico. This cave is almost cut off from the outside world, so introducing anything foreign can be harmful. “Things in the damp cave get wet quickly,” says park guide Ashley. The snack attracts tiny organisms, causing unwanted growth. Soon, small animals like crickets and spiders came to eat, spreading the pollution. Rangers found the bag within hours. “But that can be all it takes,” says Ashley. “I’m sure some crickets got a bit ofthe snack.”
Over 500 million people visit American public lands each year, creating many chances to harm wild places. “When you look at the numbers, it’s incredible,” says Watts, head of the Leave No Trace Center in Colorado, an organization aimed at minimizing human impact on nature.
Food waste takes a long time to break down, especially in certain areas. “It takes much
longer for an apple core to rot in a desert than in a forest,” says Blye, a teacher at the University of Utah. Leaving waste introduces animals to an unnatural diet and changes their behavior with
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sometimes disastrous results. Bears who taste garbage and become a threat to humans may have to be put down. “Bears can get used to unnatural food in three weeks,” says Watts. “Everyone loses in this case.”
Biological waste is also problematic. Dog waste brings new bacteria into the ecosystem and scares away deer. Meanwhile, human waste and toilet paper introduces dangerous bacteria into
water sources.
In national parks, trails (小路) are designed to avoid sensitive areas. Stepping off the trail, even for a quick photo, can scare wildlife away. Impacts from many visitors result in long-term
damage to nature and wildlife. But people don’t think of that when they see the perfect photo
opportunity. “It’s just such a hard thing to resist,” says Blye. The risk to sensitive ecosystems isn’t obvious. “It’s easy to think, oh, there’s wildflowers over there. I shouldn’t step on that,” says
Blye, but these tiny ecosystems full of microscopic organisms essential to desert life provide many benefits, including reducing the risk of erosion (侵蚀) and helping absorb rainfall, and can take
hundreds of years to return to its original state.
81 ．What does Ashley mean by “But that can be all it takes.”
A ．The rangers’ work is efficient. B ．The damage has been done.
C ．The cleanup takes a long time. D ．The pollution has spread widely.
82 ．What is a result of foreign waste in public lands
A ．A shift in animal behavior. B ．A shortage of food supplies.
C ．A decline in bacterial species. D ．An increase in conflicts between animals.
83 ．Why does the writer mention wildflowers in paragraph 5
A ．To praise their benefits to desert life. B ．To highlight our ignorance of wildlife.
C ．To s

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