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Unit 4 Language and Communication
一、阅读理解，本大题共5小题，每小题4分，共20分。阅读下列短文，根据短文内容选择最佳选项。
In the books The Three-Body Problem, Trisolarans（三体人）, a type of alien, can dehydrate（脱水）their bodies. They can then ride out terrible environments and come back to life again hundreds of years later. Is it possible that humans could be like that as well
Scientists have now found some clues by studying water bears which can live without water for decades, according to University of Tokyo biologist Takekazu Kunieda.
When water bears find themselves somewhere without water, they go into a form called a tun. In this form, there are no signs of life, and they can survive pretty much anything. Deep freezing, volcanic fire, the dark space ... these tiny water bears just sleep it off and wake up once they are safe again.
But how do these little eight-legged water bears live without water Scientists may be onto the answer now. “It’s thought that as water leaves a cell（细胞）, some kind of protein（蛋白质）must help the cell keep its strength to avoid breaking apart,” said Kunieda, a leading researcher in the project. Now scientists have found proteins unique（独特的）to water bears. The proteins protect their cells against dehydration.
Scientists also put those proteins into human cells. They found these proteins can strengthen the human cell so that it won’t become smaller when losing water, said Science Alert. With experiments using human cells showing successful results, Trisolarans might one day come to be a reality.
1.The writer introduces the first paragraph by _________.
A．telling a story B．giving an example C．making a survey
2.When there is no water, a water bear will do the following EXCEPT _________.
A．turn into a different form
B．wake up when volcanic fire comes
C．find a certain space to sleep in
3.What is the key for water bears to live without water
A．Their special cells.
B．Their way of dehydrating.
C．A kind of protein in their bodies.
4.What can we infer from the passage
A．Trisolarans can bring the dead back to life.
B．Water bears will lose their lives during hard times.
C．With the proteins, humans may live without water.
5.What is the passage mainly about
A．What water bears can do for humans.
B．A scientific finding on water bears.
C．The story of water bears.
二、完形填空，本大题共10小题，每小题3分，共30分。根据短文内容，从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Man has a big brain（脑）. He can think, learn and speak. Scientists once thought that men are different from animals 6 they can think and learn. They know now that dogs, monkeys, birds can learn, too. They are beginning to understand that men are different from animals because they can speak.
Animals can’t speak. They make noises when they are afraid, or unhappy. Apes （类人猿） can understand something 7 than man. One or two of them have learned a few 8 . But they cannot join words to make sentences. They cannot think 9 us because they have 10 language.
Language is a wonderful thing. Man 11 build a modern world because he has language. 12 child can speak his own language very well when he is four or five, 13 no animals learn to speak. 14 do children learn it Scientists don’t really know. 15 happens inside our body when we speak They don’t know. They only know that man can speak because he has a brain.
6.A．after B．if C．before D．because
7.A．quickly B．most quickly C．more quickly D．quicker
8.A．letters B．words C．sentences D．sayings
9.A．as B．about C．like D．over
10.A．not B．a C．no D．some
11.A．can B．may C．must D．can be able to
12.A．No B．Every C．One D．All
13.A．or B．so C．and D．but
14.A．How B．What C．Why D．Which
15.A．Where B．When C．What D．How
三、七选五：根据上下文补全短文，20分。
Body language is all around us. 16 We use it every day. 17 For example, a smile shows happiness. A frown shows anger. Different countries have different body language. 18 In China, we nod for "yes". In Greece, people nod for "no". 19 It helps us understand each other better. When you go to a new country, learn some body language first. 20
A．It helps us talk without words.
B．It is very important.
C．We can show our feelings with it.
D．So it’s easy to make mistakes.
E．You will have a better time there.
F．People use different body language.
G．Body language is easy to learn.
四、书面表达，30分。
1．根据所给提示，完成一篇不少于50词的英语文段写作。文中已给出内容不计入总词数。所给提示词语仅供选用。请不要写出你的校名和姓名。
假如你是Ben，你的笔友Mike即将要和新同学聚餐，但他比较害羞，不知道该如何很好地和同学们交流，请你写一封邮件，向他提出建议，谈谈应该怎样和他人交流。
提示词语：communication, active listening, prepare some topics, ask for others’ ideas
提示问题：How do you understand his problem
·What should he do to make good conversations
Dear Mike,
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Ben
参考答案
1．B 2．B 3．C 4．C 5．B
【导语】本文主要讲述了关于水熊的科学发现，以及将在水熊身上发现的蛋白质运用到人类身上，可以增强人体细胞。随着使用人类细胞的实验取得成功，三体人可能有一天会成为现实。
1.细节理解题。根据“In the books The Three-Body Problem, Trisolarans （三体人）, a type of alien, can dehydrate （脱水） their bodies. They can then ride out terrible environments and come back to life again hundreds of years later.”可知作者介绍第一段是通过举《三体》的例子，故选B。
2.细节理解题。根据“When water bears find themselves somewhere without water, they go into a form called a tun”可知水熊在没有水的情况下会变成另一种形式；根据“these tiny water bears just sleep it off”可知水熊在没有水的情况下会睡觉，直到安全后再醒来，故选B。
3.细节理解题。根据“Now scientists have found proteins unique（独特的）to water bears. The proteins protect their cells against dehydration.”可知水熊在没有水的情况下生存的关键是它们体内的一种蛋白质。故选C。
4.推理判断题。根据“Scientists also put those proteins into human cells. They found these proteins can strengthen the human cell so that it won’t become smaller when losing water, said Science Alert. With experiments using human cells showing successful results, Trisolarans might one day come to be a reality.”（科学家还将这些蛋白质植入人体细胞。《科学警报》称，他们发现这些蛋白质可以增强人体细胞，使其在失去水分时不会变小。随着使用人类细胞的实验取得成功，三体人可能有一天会成为现实。）以及“In the books The Three-Body Problem, Trisolarans（三体人）， a type of alien, can dehydrate（脱水）their bodies. They can then ride out terrible environments and come back to life again hundreds of years later.”（在《三体》一书中，三体人，一种外星人，可以让自己的身体脱水。它们可以安然度过恶劣的环境，几百年后再次复活。）可推知有了这些蛋白质，人类可以在没有水的情况下生存。故选C。
5.主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了关于水熊的科学发现，故选B。
6．D 7．C 8．B 9．C 10．C 11．A 12．B 13．D 14．A 15．C
【分析】人类和动物有什么不同？科学家们在短文中给我们做了解释。人类有语言，会说话，有的动物会说一些单词，但是不会连成句子。科学家们也不知道人类为什么会说话，他们只知道人类有大脑。
6.句意：科学家们曾经认为人和动物是不同的，因为人类可以思考和学习。after 在…之后；if 如果，是否；before 在…之前；because因为。根据句意可知，这句话解释了科学家们为什么认为人类和动物是不同的，故应选D。
7.句意：类人猿可以比人类更快地理解一些东西。quickly快速地；most quickly 最快速地；more quickly 更快地；quicker更快的，形容词比较级。这个空是修饰动词谓语动词can understand，故应该用副词，而且这里表示类人猿和人类相比，故选C。
8.句意：其中的一两个类人猿已经学会一些单词。letters 字母；信；words 词汇；sentences 句子；sayings谚语。根据下句话But they can not join words to make sentences可知，他们不能把单词连成句子，由此可知应选B。
9.句意：他们不能像我们一样去思考，因为他们没有语言。as 因为，当…时候，像；about 关于，大约；like 喜欢，像；over超过，跨越，在…上面。这个空的后面是us，宾格形式，这里应填介词，as是连词，应该引导从句。故根据句意应选C。
10.句意：他们不能像我们一样去思考，因为他们没有语言。not 不，不是；a 一个；no 没有，形容词；some一些。根据句意可知，动物不能思考，因为他们没有语言，这里应填形容词，修饰名词knowledge。故选C。
11.句意：人类可以建立一个现代的世界，因为他有语言。can 能，会；may 可以；must 必须；can be able to形式错误，can是情态动词，能会；be able to也是能、会，他们不能一起使用。根据句意可知，这句话的意思是人类有能力建立一个现代的世界，故应选A。
12.句意：每个孩子在他四五岁的时候都能把他自己的语言说得很好，但是动物们都学不会说话。No 没有，不；Every 每一个；One 一个；All所有的。根据句意可知，孩子们到四五岁的时候，都能把话说好，所以是每一个。all意思可以，但是它后面的名词应该用复数形式。故选B。
13.句意：每个孩子在他四五岁的时候都能把他自己的语言说得很好，但是动物们都学不会说话。or 或者，否则；so 因此，所以；and 和，而且；but但是。根据两句话的意思可知，他们之间是转折的关系，故选D。
14.句意：孩子们是怎样学会的呢？How 怎样；What 什么；Why 为什么；Which哪一个。根据句意可知，这里问的是孩子们是怎样学会说话的，故应选A。
15.句意：当我们说话的时候，我们的身体内部发生了什么？Where 在哪里；When 当……时候；What 什么；How怎样。这个空缺少的是句子的主语，故应填疑问代词，选C。
点睛：这篇短文是一篇科普说明文，内容稍难理解，对学生做题有一定的难度。解题的关键在于掌握文章的大意以及把握文章的逻辑关系，同时要熟悉一些固定的短语和搭配。例如第1小题，前一句话是科学家们的观点，后面这一句话是解释科学家们为什么会有这个观点，所以是表示原因的，选D；再例如第8小题，前面一句话是child can speak his own language…后面是no animal learn to speak，这两句话之间是转折的关系，所以用but。
16．A 17．C 18．D 19．B 20．E
【导语】本文围绕肢体语言展开，介绍了肢体语言在日常交流中传递情绪、帮助沟通的作用，点明不同国家存在不同的肢体语言习惯，提醒人们前往新国家时提前学习当地肢体语言，方便更好地互动交流。
16.开篇介绍肢体语言，空前说明“肢体语言无处不在”，空后说“我们每天都用”，选项A“It helps us talk without words.”符合对肢体语言的定义介绍，逻辑通顺。
17.后文举例微笑表开心、皱眉表生气，都是用肢体表达感受，选项C“We can show our feelings with it.”引出下文例子，符合语境。
18.前文提到不同国家有不同的肢体语言，后文举例中国和希腊点头含义不同，选项D“So it’s easy to make mistakes.”与前文构成因果关系，并引出下文例子，符合逻辑。
19.后文提到“它帮助我们更好地理解彼此”，是阐述肢体语言的作用，需用选项B“It is very important.”引出下文，符合语境。
20.前文建议去新国家前先学习当地肢体语言，选项E“You will have a better time there.”是该建议带来的好结果，符合逻辑。
21.例文
Dear Mike,
Sorry to hear about your problem. Though it can be a common problem, it is difficult to solve. I think I can help.
Firstly, why don’t you forget about your worries Take it easy. Many people have similar problems. You’re not alone! Then, try to find some common topics that most of your new classmates may be interested in, for example, cartoons and music. You can also ask them about their ideas on news.
Try my advice, and you will build a good relationship with your new classmates. Hope you can enjoy yourself at the dinner!
Yours,
Ben
【详解】[总体分析]
写作步骤
[第一步：审题立意]
确定文体：本文是一封邮件，用一般现在时为主
明确要点：给他提出建议，谈谈应该怎样和他人交流
确定人称：第二人称
注意事项：不得透露真实姓名和学校名称
[第二步：构思布局]
三段式结构：
开头段：总起句，提出自己可以提供帮助
主体段：分别介绍你怎么理解他的问题以及他应该做些什么来进行良好的对话
结尾段：表达自己的祝愿
[第三步：要点展开]
要点一：介绍你怎么理解他的问题
why don’t you forget about your worries；
Many people have similar problems；
要点二：他应该做些什么来进行良好的对话
try to find some common topics；
ask them about their ideas on news；

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