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沪教牛津版八年级下册
Unit 4
Arts and heritage
主题范畴：人与社会
Section 4
Key question
What can we do to protect our cultural heritage
Focusing on culture
聚焦文化
Lead-in
The Mogao Caves
Lead-in
What do you know about these paintings
Do you know who is protecting these cultural treasures
n. 女儿
adj. 无价的
n. 雕像
adv. 不幸地；遗憾地
v. 毕业
daughter /'d t (r)/
priceless /'pra sl s/
*sculpture /'sk lpt (r)/
unfortunately / n'f t n tli/
graduate /'ɡr d ue t/
New words and phrases
Pre-reading
v. 限量；减量
n. 温度
v. 维持…的原状；保存
下定决心
*limit /'l m t/
temperature /'tempr t (r)/
*preserve /pr 'z v/
make up one’s mind
Pre-reading
Pre-reading
Prediction
Why is she called “the daughter of Dunhuang”
What do you think she did for Dunhuang
Reading
Fan Jinshi: the daughter of Dunhuang
Dunhuang’s Mogao Caves is one of China’s first UNESCO World Heritage Sites. It has the world’s largest collection of Buddhist art. The caves are full of priceless wall paintings and sculptures. Unfortunately, the site has been damaged by sand, weather and human activity. Thanks to the hard work of Fan Jinshi and her colleagues, we can still see these cultural treasures today.
Fan began working as an archaeologist in Dunhuang after she graduated from Peking University. Her job was to study and protect the Dunhuang artworks. One day when she was comparing old photos with new ones, she made a shocking discovery. Some caves were completely different, and some of the old artworks were gone. “Will this happen to all the paintings ” she wondered. Fan made up her mind: she had to save these cultural treasures.
Fan and her colleagues did everything they could: they limited the number of visitors, they put doors on the caves, and they did their best to control the temperature and humidity inside. However, Fan soon realized that the damage could only be slowed down—they could not stop it completely. In this harsh natural environment, these caves simply wouldn’t last forever.
It was heartbreaking to think about it, but Fan did not give up. She and her colleagues continued to search for ways of preserving the treasures. They finally decided to make digital copies of the paintings. This was the start of the Digital Dunhuang project. After many years of hard work, the first part of the collection came online in 2016. Now, people all over the world can explore the unique art of the Mogao Caves without leaving their homes.
Fan has dedicated her life to researching and preserving this important part of China’s cultural heritage. “The longer I’ve stayed here, the deeper my love has grown for Dunhuang,” Fan said. That is why people call her “the daughter of Dunhuang”.
Notes
The Mogao Caves are one of the three most famous cave sites in China. They are located at the eastern foot of the Mingsha Hill. The first of these caves was dug in the 4th century CE. Famous for their beautiful wall paintings and statues of great artistic value, the caves were added to the UNESCO World Heritage List in 1987.
1. What is the main idea of the article
2. What type of writing is this, expository,
persuasive or narrative
The article tells the story of Fan Jinshi and her efforts to protect the Mogao Caves.
Narrative.
Reading
Skim for main idea
Reading
Match the main idea of each paragraph
Digital Dunhuang project
Introduction of Mogao Caves
Protection measures
Comment
Fan’s Discovery & Determination
Read the article and answer the questions.
Level A
1. Why are the Mogao Caves important
2. What did Fan Jinshi and her team do to protect the caves
Because the site has the world’s largest collection of Buddhist art, and the caves are full of priceless wall paintings and sculptures.
They limited visitors, put doors on the caves, controlled the temperature and humidity, and made digital copies of the paintings.
Careful -reading
Read and think
Read the article and answer the questions.
Level A
3. What results did her efforts bring
4. Why is Fan Jinshi called “the daughter of Dunhuang”
The artworks were protected, and people all over the world can see them online.
Because she has dedicated her life to researching and preserving the Mogao Caves.
Careful -reading
Read and think
Level B
Why are the Mogao Caves listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site
What did Fan Jinshi discover when she compared old photos of the caves with new ones What happened to these caves
Because the site contains the world’s largest collection of Buddhist art, and the caves are full of priceless wall paintings and sculptures.
She discovered that some caves were completely different, and some of the old artworks were gone. They have been damaged by sand, weather and human activity.
Read the article and answer the questions.
Read and think
Level B
3. How did Fan Jinshi and her colleagues try to save the cultural
treasures
Why was the Digital Dunhuang project started
Why is Fan Jinshi called “the daughter of Dunhuang”
The Digital Dunhuang project was started because the caves simply wouldn’t last in the harsh natural environment. Making digital copies of the artworks is a good way to save the Mogao Caves.
Because she has dedicated her life to researching and preserving the Mogao Caves.
Fan Jinshi and her colleagues did everything they could: they limited the number of visitors, they put doors on the caves, and they did their best to control the temperature and humidity inside.
3 Complete the sentences with the words and the phrase below. Change the form if necessary.
daughter graduate make up one’s mind temperature unfortunately
(1) The woman named her ___________ Charlotte, Emily and
Anne, after the three famous authors.
(2) After she ___________ from university, she started working at
an art school.
(3) Winters can be quite cold in Dunhuang. In January, the
______________ often falls below -10 ℃
(4) He finally __________________ to become an archaeologist.
(5) _______________, an earthquake damaged several World
Heritage Sites in Nepal in 2015.
daughters
graduated
temperature
made up his mind
Unfortunately
Discuss and share
What personal qualities does Fan Jinshi have
Why was her work important
What can we learn from her
Fan Jinshi is hard-working, and she never gives up. She always tries her best to solve problems.
She helped save the art in the Mogao Caves, and she also dedicated her life to researching this important part of China’s cultural heritage.
Fan Jinshi’s achievements show us that we can make a difference if we work hard and do our best to find solutions.
Post-reading
If you could interview Fan Jinshi, what questions would you ask her Discuss in pairs.
Your ideas
Conduct an interview
Why did you come to Dunhuang, and why did you stay
What were the most difficult challenges you faced, and how did you deal with them
Why do you think it is important to protect the artworks in the Mogao Caves
How did you keep your spirits up when things were difficult
Work in pairs and role-play an interview. One student plays Fan Jinshi and the other a reporter. You can use the questions below to help you.
Many other people have worked tirelessly to protect the art in the caves. Watch a video clip about the caretakers of the Mogao Caves and answer the questions below.
Exploring more
Who are the caretakers of the Mogao Caves
mentioned in the video
What have the caretakers done to study and protect
the art in the Mogao Caves
Who are the caretakers of the Mogao Caves mentioned
in the video
What have the caretakers done to study and protect the art in the Mogao Caves
Five caretakers are mentioned in the video: Chang Shuhong, Chang Shana, Lou Jie, Han Weimeng and his wife.
An institute was established in 1944. Since then, generations of caretakers have done a lot to study and protect the caves, including copying the murals, doing research and using the patterns from the paintings in modern arts and crafts.
Watch again and compare
What efforts have different generations of protectors made
Caretaker Time Action
Chang Shuhong
Chang Shana
Lou Jie
Han Weimeng & his wife
since 1944
led artists and scholars to establish the Art Institute, protected and studied art
since
teenager
copied murals, used patterns from Dunhuang in modern arts and crafts
for 30 years
worked in the Art Institute to
protect art, witnessed history
since 2003
copied murals, studied art
Read the script and find the sentences to show their spirits.
Narrator: In the 4th century CE, the first cave was built in Dunhuang and people there continued to dig caves for almost a thousand years. Since 1944, several generations of volunteers have worked tirelessly to protect the Mogao Caves.
Lou Jie: My name is Lou Jie. I have worked in the Art Institute for 30 years. More than 1,000 years ago, people started digging caves in Dunhuang. Artists created these beautiful cave murals. In the early 20th century, the famous Library Cave was discovered by accident. Some foreign explorers heard about this and travelled to Dunhuang. The manuscripts and silk paintings were taken out of China and ended up in other countries. In the 1940s, many educated people in China called for the caves to be protected. In 1944, the National Dunhuang Art Institute was established. A group of artists and scholars began to protect and study the art in Dunhuang. These artists and scholars were led by Chang Shuhong, an artist returning from France. At that time, there was nothing out here except for some old ruins. They had to walk through the desert and mountains to get to the city.
Narrator: In 1943, 12-year-old Chang Shana came to Dunhuang with her father Chang Shuhong. Even though the living conditions were difficult, they devoted themselves to copying and protecting the ancient murals.
Chang Shana: My father taught me how to copy murals in my teens. I copied several of the most important ones. After the People’s Republic of China was founded, Liang Sicheng and Lin Huiyin inspired me to use patterns from Dunhuang in modern arts and crafts. Soon, I was asked to design the ceiling of the Great Hall of the People. The Mogao Caves have been here for more than 1,000 years. The paintings contain so many different styles and shapes that it’s impossible to count them all. I love telling the younger generation about what I have learnt during my life. It’s important to pass on this knowledge from generation to generation.
Han Weimeng: I am Han Weimeng. I came to Dunhuang Academy in 2003 with my wife. It has been 16 years since I came to Dunhuang. We are the fourth generation of people studying and protecting the art here. Life is very simple here: home, studio and caves. Before we go into the caves, we do some preparation work in the studio, such as line drawing. After that, we go back to the caves to finish the colouring part. Now, this one I’m copying is one of the most classic murals. It was painted in the Tang dynasty, in Cave 217. We can see that the lines close to the skin are very powerful, and the style of this part is much freer. The colours became very deep and strong in the Tang dynasty, and we can see that in this painting. Every time I go to the caves, I feel very peaceful. It makes it very easy to focus on my work. If you know what you want to do, you’ll definitely stay here.
Why is it still important to protect cultural heritage sites like the Mogao Caves today
What can we learn from the Mogao Caves’ caretakers about protecting cultural heritage worldwide
Discussion
Phrases
1. 充满 _________________
2. 被……破坏 _________________
3. 从事……工作 _________________
4. 将某物与……对比 _________________
5. 下定决心 _________________
6. 尽某人最大努力做某事_________________
be full of
be damaged by ...
work as ...
compare sth. with ...
make up one’s mind
do one’s best to do sth.
Language points
1. Fan made up her mind: she had to save these cultural treasures.
樊下定决心：她必须拯救这些文化瑰宝。
make up one’s mind 意为“下定决心”，常见搭配：
make up one’s mind to do sth. 下定决心做某事。
即学即练
She made up her mind _______ _______ English well.
她下定决心学好英语。
to learn
2. Fan has dedicated her life to researching and
preserving this important part of China’s cultural heritage.
dedicate ... to 意为“致力于”，相当于 devote ... to，后
接名词、动名词等。
即学即练
The master _________ his whole life _____ __________
traditional clay sculpture.
这位大师毕生致力于发展传统泥塑艺术。
dedicated to developing
Practice makes perfect!
I. 根据首字母提示写单词，完成句子。
1. My sister will g________ from middle school and go to
high school next year.
2. The t__________ in the art room is kept at 25℃ to
protect the paintings.
3. This painting is p________ because it carries the spirit
and wisdom of our ancestors.
4. U____________, we missed the last bus and had to walk
home.
raduated
emperature
riceless
nfortunately
II.根据汉语意思完成句子，每空一词。
5. 他的女儿下定决心毕业后从事艺术品保存工作。
His _________ has ____ ____ _____ _____to work on art preservation after graduation.
6. 不幸的是，那场火灾损坏了馆内多件珍贵的雕像。
______________, the fire _______ many precious ________ in the museum.
7.买手机前，我跑了两家店去互相对比价格
I went to two stores to _______ the prices _______ each other before buying the phone.
daughter made up her mind
Unfortunately damaged sculptures
compare with
Self-assessment
评价内容 评分(1-5)
1.我能说出莫高窟的文化价值和面临的问题。 1 2 3 4 5
2. 我能描述樊锦诗及其他守护者保护莫高窟的主要措施与贡献。 1 2 3 4 5
3. 我能理解“敦煌女儿”及历代莫高窟守护者的奉献精神。 1 2 3 4 5
4. 我能参与文化遗产保护的讨论并提出想法。 1 2 3 4 5
Cross-curricular connection Arts 跨学科链接 艺术
Have you seen these paintings before
What do you know about them
When and where do think they were made
Lead-in
Mona Lisa
(between 1503 and 1505)
Leonardo da Vinci (Italian) (1452–1519)
Key facts
The Mona Lisa is one of the most valuable
pieces of art in the world.
About ten million people go to see it every year at the Louvre.
It is widely reproduced in pop art and culture.
Where to see it: the Louvre in Paris, France
Reading
Famous paintings around the world
The Starry Night (1889)
Vincent van Gogh (Dutch) (1853–1890)
Key facts
The Starry Night uses striking colours and
lively brushstrokes.
It was based on Vincent van Gogh’s observations, as well as his imagination, memories and emotions.
It reflects Vincent van Gogh’s creative use of thick brushstrokes.
Where to see it: the Museum of Modern Art in New York, the USA
Guernica (1937) Pablo Picasso (Spanish) (1881–1973)
Key facts
Guernica is one of the most powerful anti-war paintings in history.
It shows the terrible suffering of people and animals in war.
It is recognized all over the world as an anti-war symbol.
Where to see it: Queen Sofia National Museum Art Centre in Madrid, Spain
列奥纳多·达·芬奇(Leonardo da Vinci) 意大利文艺复兴时期的著名画家、雕塑家、建筑师、发明家和科学家。他的作品以其精微的细节和深刻的情感表达而闻名。达·芬奇最著名的作品之一是《蒙娜丽莎》，这幅画以其神秘的微笑和独特的构图而广受赞誉。
文森特·凡·高(Vincent van Gogh)是荷兰后印象派画家，以其独特的笔触和强烈的色彩运用而著称。他的画作充满了情感和活力，常常描绘自然景观、人物肖像和日常生活场景。《星夜》是梵高的代表作之一，展现了他对夜空的个人理解和感受。
巴勃罗·毕加索(Pablo Picasso)是西班牙画家、雕塑家，也是现代艺术的奠基人之一。他的作品风格多变，从立体主义到超现实主义都有涉猎。毕加索的《格尔尼卡》是一幅反战画作，描绘了战争的残酷和对平民的影响，是20世纪艺术的重要作品之一。
Background Information
Complete the sentences with the names of the paintings.
(1) _________________ is recognized all over the world as an anti-war symbol.
(2) _________________ uses striking colours and lively brushstrokes.
(3) _______________ is seen by about ten million people every year at the Louvre.
Guernica
(symbolism)
(painting techniques)
The Starry Night
(popularity)
Mona Lisa
Group discussion
Which of these three paintings do you like best Why
Sentence patterns:
I like the Mona Lisa because of its ________.
The Starry Night’s _______ appeal(s) to me most.
My favourite painting is Guernica because ______.
My favourite painting is ________ because its colours / theme / brushstrokes appeal(s) to me a lot. For example, _____________________.
Word Bank
mystery valuable
striking anti-war
colours theme
brushstrokes
emotional depth
……
Think and share
What other famous paintings do you know
What’s special about these paintings
What role does art play in your daily life
Project 项目
Step 1 Take the painting Impression, Sunrise as an example. Look at the painting and discuss the questions in groups.
Having an art appreciation session
We have seen many works of art in this unit. Which one impressed you most In this project, you are going to share your favourite artwork with the class.
(1) LOOK What can you see
(2) FEEL How does it make you feel
(3) THINK What do you think
(4) DISCOVER What do you know about
the painting and the artist
(1) Look: I can see a boat, sunlight, water and clouds.
(2) Feel: It makes me feel calm and peaceful.
(3) Think: This is an amazing painting. The scene is
painted in many different shades of colour, and Monet’s
soft painting style makes the scene feel like a strange
dream.
(4) Discover: This painting was painted by a
French artist called Claude Monet in 1872.
It was one of the first Impressionist paintings.
Step 2 Choose an artwork, either from this unit or from elsewhere. You may search the internet for more information.
Step 3 When you are ready, show a picture of the artwork to the class, explain its historical background and share your personal thoughts about it.
It was painted by _______, one of the _____________.
It is considered _________________.
I can see _______________________.
When I look at this painting, I feel ________________ .
___________ make me think of ____________. I found out from books and the internet that _______________.
After analyzing this painting, I like it even more because __________________.
Sentence patterns:
Step 4 When everyone has shared their artworks. put the pictures up on the wall to create an art exhibition in the classroom.
Appreciate and reflect:
What did I learn about art appreciation
How can I improve my art appreciation
skills
Wits corner 智慧角
Art is not a handicraft; it is the transmission of feeling the artist has experienced.
—— Leo Tolstoy
艺术不是手工艺品，它是艺术家体验到的情感传递。
—列夫·托尔斯泰
(俄国著名作家)
More wits
1. The purpose of art is washing the dust of daily life off our souls.
艺术的使命是涤荡我们灵魂中日常生活的尘埃。
2. A picture is a poem without words.
一幅画是一首无言的诗。
3. Art is the perfection of nature.
艺术是自然的完美呈现。
4. A true artist is not one who is inspired, but one who inspires others.
真正的艺术家不是被灵感启发的人，而是能启发他人的人。
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