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仁爱科普版·八年级英语下册期中复习
——考点3：表示“花费”的句式
本考点综合Unit 7-9相关内容。英语中四个表示“花费”的动词——spend, pay, cost, take，是考试的高频考点。它们的主语、宾语和句型各不相同，学生容易混淆。本讲通过核心规则、例句对比和分层练习，帮助学生彻底掌握。
一、四个“花费”动词的核心用法
1. spend — 人作主语，花时间或金钱
句型一：sb. + spend(s) + 时间/金钱 + on + 名词
I spent 50 yuan on this book. (我花50元买了这本书。)
句型二：sb. + spend(s) + 时间/金钱 + (in) doing sth.
She spends two hours (in) doing her homework every day. (她每天花两小时做作业。)
2. pay — 人作主语，花金钱，常与for连用
句型：sb. + pay(s) + 金钱 + for + 物品
He paid 30 yuan for the meal. (他付了30元餐费。)
How much did you pay for the ticket (你买票花了多少钱？)
3. cost — 物作主语，花金钱
句型：sth. + cost(s) + sb. + 金钱
The new phone cost me 2,000 yuan. (新手机花了我2000元。)
How much does the T-shirt cost (这件T恤多少钱？)
注意：cost的过去式还是cost。
4. take — it作形式主语，花时间
句型：It + takes + sb. + 时间 + to do sth.
It takes me 20 minutes to walk to school. (步行到学校花我20分钟。)
It will take them two days to finish the project. (他们完成这个项目需要两天。)
二、易错点对比与速记口诀
易错1： 主语混淆。
I cost 100 yuan on the book. → I spent 100 yuan on the book. / The book cost me 100 yuan.
易错2： spend / pay 介词搭配错误。
She paid 50 yuan the dress. → She paid 50 yuan for the dress.
易错3： take 句型漏掉 to。
It takes me an hour do my homework. → It takes me an hour to do my homework.
速记口诀：
时间金钱用spend，人作主语后跟on/in。
物作主语cost替，钱作宾语要注意。
pay for 付钱买，人主语钱目的。
it takes sb. 时间 to do，时间花费牢记心。
三、经典例题
例1： It ______ me half an hour to walk to school every day.
A. spends B. takes C. costs D. pays
答案：B
例2： She ______ 200 yuan on this pair of shoes yesterday.
A. cost B. took C. spent D. paid
答案：C
例3： The new computer ______ me 5,000 yuan.
A. spent B. cost C. paid D. took
答案：B
四、分层练习（共45题）
A组 用 spend / pay / cost / take 的适当形式填空（每题1分，共10分）
1. It ______ (take) me two hours to finish my homework last night.
2. I ______ (spend) 30 minutes reading English every morning.
3. She ______ (pay) 100 dollars for the new bag yesterday.
4. This computer ______ (cost) me 6,000 yuan.
5. How long does it ______ (take) to get to the airport by taxi
6. He ______ (spend) too much time on computer games.
7. The ticket ______ (cost) only 20 yuan.
8. I ______ (pay) 15 yuan for this notebook.
9. It ______ (take) us three hours to get to Shanghai.
10. She ______ (spend) 200 yuan on the dress.
B组 单项选择（每题2分，共12分）
1. It ______ me three hours to finish the work.
A. spent B. cost C. took D. paid
2. I ______ 200 yuan on this new coat.
A. cost B. took C. spent D. paid
3. How much did you ______ for the meal
A. take B. spend C. cost D. pay
4. The book ______ me 30 yuan. It's very cheap.
A. spent B. cost C. took D. paid
5. She ______ an hour doing her homework every day.
A. takes B. costs C. spends D. pays
6. They ______ 500 dollars for the air tickets last week.
A. cost B. spent C. took D. paid
C组 句型转换（改为同义句）（每题2分，共8分）
1. I spent 50 yuan on this dictionary.
I ______ 50 yuan ______ this dictionary.
2. The book cost me 30 yuan.
I ______ 30 yuan ______ the book.
3. It takes me 15 minutes to walk to school.
I ______ 15 minutes ______ to school.
4. She paid 200 yuan for the skirt.
The skirt ______ her 200 yuan.
D组 改错题（每句一处错误）（每题2分，共10分）
1. I cost 100 yuan on the book.
2. She paid 50 yuan the dress.
3. It takes me an hour do my homework.
4. He spent two hours on play computer games.
5. How much did you spend for the car
E组 根据汉语提示完成句子（每题2分，共10分）
1. 做作业花了我一个小时。
It ______ me an hour ______ ______ my homework.
2. 她花了很多钱买衣服。
She ______ a lot of money ______ clothes.
3. 这台电视花了我5000元。
The TV ______ me 5,000 yuan.
4. 你为这本书付了多少钱？
How much did you ______ ______ this book
5. 他们每天花两小时练习英语。
They ______ two hours ______ English every day.
F组 语篇填空（每空1分，共8分）
Last Sunday, I went shopping with my mother. We wanted to buy a new coat for me. It ______ (1) us half an hour to get to the shopping mall by bus. In the mall, we saw many beautiful coats. One red coat ______ (2) 300 yuan. My mother thought it was too expensive. Then we found a blue one. It ______ (3) only 180 yuan. My mother ______ (4) 180 yuan for it. I ______ (5) about 20 minutes trying it on. Finally, we took it home. On the way home, we saw a charity shop. My mother ______ (6) 50 yuan on a toy for my little brother. It ______ (7) her only 50 yuan. It ______ (8) us about an hour to get home. We were tired but happy.
参考答案
A组：
1. took 2. spend 3. paid 4. cost 5. take 6. spends 7. costs 8. paid 9. took 10. spent
B组：
1. C 2. C 3. D 4. B 5. C 6. D
C组：
1. paid; for 2. spent; on 3. spend; walking 4. cost
D组：
1. cost → spent 2. paid 后加 for 3. do → to do 4. play → playing 5. for → on
E组：
1. took; to do 2. spends; on 3. cost 4. pay for 5. spend; practicing
F组：
1. took 2. cost 3. cost 4. paid 5. spent 6. spent 7. cost 8. took
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