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仁爱科普版·八年级英语下册期中复习
——考点8：被动语态（一般现在时）
本考点源自Unit 8 “Every Coin Counts!”。当我们不知道或不必要指出动作的执行者时，或者强调动作的承受者时，常用被动语态。掌握一般现在时的被动语态，对阅读理解和写作都有帮助。
一、什么是被动语态？
英语动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。
主动语态：主语是动作的执行者。
We recycle waste paper. (我们回收废纸。)
被动语态：主语是动作的承受者。
Waste paper is recycled by us. (废纸被我们回收。)
二、一般现在时被动语态的结构
肯定句： 主语 + am/is/are + 过去分词 + (by + 动作执行者)
English is spoken all over the world. (全世界都说英语。)
These books are written by Lu Xun. (这些书是鲁迅写的。)
否定句： 主语 + am/is/are + not + 过去分词
The room is not cleaned every day. (这个房间不是每天打扫。)
一般疑问句： Am/Is/Are + 主语 + 过去分词
Is the homework finished (作业完成了吗？)
三、主动语态变被动语态的方法
步骤：
1. 把主动句的宾语变成被动句的主语。
2. 把主动句的谓语动词变成“be + 过去分词”。
3. 把主动句的主语变成被动句中by的宾语（不需要时可省略）。
主动：People speak English in many countries.
被动：English is spoken in many countries (by people).
四、常用动词过去分词（规则与不规则）
规则动词过去分词与过去式相同：
use → used, recycle → recycled, waste → wasted, clean → cleaned
不规则动词过去分词需要记忆（Unit 8 常用）：
make → made, grow → grown, build → built, buy → bought, sell → sold
五、易错点提醒
易错1： be动词与主语的人称和数不一致。
The books is recycled. The books are recycled.
易错2： 过去分词拼写错误。
The work is do by me. The work is done by me.
易错3： 忘记加be动词。
The room cleaned every day. The room is cleaned every day.
易错4： by短语的位置（通常放在句末）。
速记口诀：
被动语态要记清，be加过去分词成。
be随主语变人称，时态由be来决定。
主动宾语变主语，主动主语by后行。
否定疑问也简单，be后加not或提前。
六、经典例题
例1： English ______ all over the world.
A. speaks B. is spoken C. spoke D. is speaking
答案：B
例2： The room ______ every day.
A. cleans B. is cleaned C. cleaned D. was cleaned
答案：B
例3： These books ______ by Lu Xun.
A. write B. wrote C. are written D. is written
答案：C
七、分层练习
A组 用所给动词的适当形式填空（被动语态）（每题1分，共10分）
1. English ______ (speak) in many countries.
2. The classroom ______ (clean) every day by the students.
3. These toys ______ (make) in China.
4. Waste paper ______ (recycle) in our school.
5. The Great Wall ______ (know) all over the world.
6. The flowers ______ (water) by my mother every morning.
7. This kind of car ______ (produce) in Shanghai.
8. The homework ______ (not finish) yet.
9. ______ the room ______ (clean) every day
10. How many trees ______ (plant) every year
B组 将下列主动语态句子改为被动语态（每题2分，共10分）
1. People speak English all over the world.
English ______ ______ all over the world.
2. My mother cleans the room every day.
The room ______ ______ by my mother every day.
3. They recycle waste paper in this factory.
Waste paper ______ ______ in this factory.
4. We don't waste water.
Water ______ ______ by us.
5. Do you use this computer
______ this computer ______ by you
C组 将下列被动语态句子改为主动语态（每题2分，共10分）
1. English is spoken by many people.
Many people ______ English.
2. The homework is finished by Tom.
Tom ______ the homework.
3. These books are written by Lu Xun.
Lu Xun ______ these books.
4. The room is cleaned every day by us.
We ______ the room every day.
5. Is the plan made by them
______ they ______ the plan
D组 单项选择（每题2分，共12分）
1. This kind of car ______ in Japan.
A. makes B. is made C. made D. is making
2. The Great Wall ______ by many tourists every year.
A. visit B. visited C. is visited D. are visited
3. The room ______ every morning.
A. cleans B. is cleaned C. cleaned D. was cleaned
4. Waste paper ______ in our school.
A. recycles B. is recycled C. recycled D. are recycled
5. These books ______ by Lu Xun.
A. write B. wrote C. are written D. is written
6. — ______ the homework ______ every day — Yes, it is.
A. Is; finished B. Does; finish C. Is; finishing D. Do; finish
E组 改错题（每句一处错误）（每题2分，共8分）
1. The books is read by many students.
2. The room clean every day.
3. English speak all over the world.
4. Is the work do by you
F组 语篇填空（每空1分，共8分）
In our school, many things ______ (1) (do) to protect the environment. First, waste paper ______ (2) (recycle) every week. Second, the lights ______ (3) (turn off) when we leave the classroom. Third, the water ______ (4) (not waste). The taps ______ (5) (check) every day. Fourth, trees ______ (6) (plant) every spring. The school garden ______ (7) (water) by the students. These actions ______ (8) (take) by us to make our school greener.
参考答案
A组：
1. is spoken 2. is cleaned 3. are made 4. is recycled 5. is known 6. are watered 7. is produced 8. isn't finished 9. Is; cleaned 10. are planted
B组：
1. is spoken 2. is cleaned 3. is recycled 4. isn't wasted 5. Is; used
C组：
1. speak 2. finishes 3. wrote 4. clean 5. Do; make
D组：
1. B 2. C 3. B 4. B 5. C 6. A
E组：
1. is → are 2. clean前加 is 3. speak → is spoken 4. do → done
F组：
1. are done 2. is recycled 3. are turned off 4. isn't wasted 5. are checked 6. are planted 7. is watered 8. are taken
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