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代词
课堂讲解及答案
人教2026中考二轮复习 语法基础
考点一　人称代词、物主代词、反身代词
1.人称代词、物主代词、反身代词
考点精讲
类别 数 人称　　　　　　　 人称代词 物主代词 反身代词
主格 宾格 形容词性 名词性 第一人称 单数 I me my mine myself
复数 we us our ours ourselves
第二人称 单数 you you your yours yourself
复数 you you your yours yourselves
第三人称 单数 he him his his himself
she her her hers herself
it it its its itself
复数 they them their theirs themselves
2.人称代词、物主代词、反身代词的用法
分类 用法 示例
人称代词主格 在句中作主语,通常位于动词前 She often helps me with English.
人称代词宾格 在句中通常作动词或介词的宾语,也可以作系动词的表语 ①This is my mother, and I love her very much.
②Give it to him, please!
③—Who is the baby in the photo 　—It’s me.
物主代词 形容词性物主代词作定语,修饰名词 This is my backpack.
名词性物主代词相当于形容词性物主代词+名词 ①My bag is yellow. Hers is red and yours is pink.
②This book isn’t mine.
③I lost my wallet, and she also lost hers.
反身代词 反身代词表示和主语是同一人或事物在句中不能单独作主语,只能作宾语、表语或同位语 He fell down and hurt himself.
3.反身代词的固定搭配
learn by oneself自学　　　　　　
teach oneself自学　　　　　　
enjoy oneself玩得高兴
dress oneself(自己)穿衣
help oneself to自取……
hurt oneself伤到某人自己
keep… to oneself对……保密
by oneself独自
考点二　指示代词
1.指示代词
代词 用法 示例
this/these 指代较近的人或物,或指下文将要提到的事情 ·These are my friends.这些是我的朋友。
·Please remember this: No pain, no gain.
请记住这点:不劳无获。
that/those 指代较远的人或物,或指前面提到过的东西 ·Those are my teachers.那些是我的老师。
·I’m sorry to hear that.听到那个我很难过。
2.it的常见用法
类别 用法 例句
作形式主语 ①It’s+adj.+of/for sb. to do sth.对某人来说做某事是怎么样的。 ②It takes/took sb. some time to do sth.做某事花费某人多长时间。 ③It’s+adj.+that从句 It is important for us to listen carefully in class.
It usually takes me 10 minutes to get to school by bus.
It’s exciting that we win the game.
作形式宾语 常用在动词believe, find, think, make, consider, feel等词后,如believe it+adj.+to do sth.相信做某事是怎么样的 She finds it difficult to learn a new language.
考点三　不定代词
1.常用的不定代词
(1)some与any
不定代词 用法辨析
some 多用于肯定句中,还可用于表示建议、请求或希望得到对方肯定回答的疑问句中,意为“一些”
any 多用于否定句、疑问句及条件状语从句中
(2)(a) few与(a) little
不定代词 用法辨析 few 修饰可数名词复数 表示否定意义,意为“几乎没有”
little 修饰不可数名词 a few 修饰可数名词复数 表示肯定意义,意为“几个;少许”
a little 修饰不可数名词 (3)many与much
不定代词 用法辨析 相同点
many 修饰可数名词复数,意为“许多” many, much都可以和副词so, too, how等连用
much 修饰不可数名词,意为“许多” (4)each与every
不定代词 用法辨析 相同点
each 强调个体可构成“each of+名词/代词”结构 表示“每个;各个”
every 强调整体,不能与of连用,只能用作定语修饰单数可数名词 (5)both, all, either, neither与none
不定代词 用法辨析 相同点
both 表示“两者都”,常见搭配both… and… ,表示“……和……都”,作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式 ①both, all, either, neither, none均可加“of+名词/代词复数”;
②“both/all+of+名词/代词复数”作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式;
all 表示“三者及三者以上都” either 表示“两者中任一”, either… or… 表示“或者……或者……”,作主语时,谓语动词遵循“就近一致”原则 neither 表示“两者都不”; neither… nor… 表示“既不……也不……”,连接并列主语时,谓语动词遵循“就近一致”原则 ③“either+of+名词/代词复数”作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式;
④“neither/none+of+名词/代词复数”作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式或复数形式均可
none 表示“三者及三者以上都不” (6)other, the other, others, the others与another
不定代词 含义 用法辨析
other 表示“别的;其他的”,不能单独使用,后面常接可数名词复数 ·He studies English, math and some other subjects.
他学习英语、数学和一些别的科目。
the other 特指“两者中的另一个”;也可指“剩余的”,后接可数名词复数 ·One of the twins likes apples, and the other likes oranges.
这对双胞胎中的一个喜欢苹果,另一个喜欢橙子。(两者中的另一个)
others 泛指“别人;别的东西”,相当于“other+复数名词”,故其后不能接名词。其常与some构成“some… others… ”结构,意为“一些……另一些……” ·Some students are dancing, and others are singing.
一些学生在跳舞,另一些在唱歌。
the others 特指剩余的人或物,相当于“the other+复数名词”,表示一定范围内剩下的全部 ·Five students are dancing, and the others are singing.
五个学生在跳舞,剩下的在唱歌。
another 泛指三者或三者以上的人或物中的另一个,一般和可数名词单数连用,用作形容词或代词 one another=each other互相
2.复合不定代词
(1)常见的复合不定代词
　　　前缀 后缀　　　 some-(肯定) any-(否定/肯定) every-(肯定) no-(否定)
-one(指人) someone某人 anyone任何人 everyone每人 no one没有人
-body(指人) somebody某人 anybody任何人 everybody每人 nobody没有人
-thing(指物) something某事 anything任何事 Everything 每一件事 Nothing
没有东西
(2)复合不定代词的用法:
①复合不定代词作主语时,都看作单数,其谓语动词用单数形式。
Someone is knocking at the door.有人在敲门。
②当形容词或else修饰复合不定代词时,要置于不定代词之后。
I have something else to tell you.我还有别的事情要告诉你。
③在表示请求、邀请、建议等带有委婉语气的疑问句和希望得到肯定答复的疑问句中,常用something, someone, somebody等复合不定代词;any-类复合不定代词用于肯定句时,表示“任何……”之意。
—Would you like something to eat 你要吃些东西吗
—Anything is OK.什么都行。
④复合不定代词的常用句型:
a.There is something wrong with… 意为“……出问题了”
b.… has something/nothing to do with… 意为“……与……有/无关”
c.sb. can do nothing but… 意为“某人除了……,别的什么都不能做”
考点四　疑问代词
常见疑问代词及用法
疑问代词 用法
who “谁(主格)”,用于询问人,在句中作主语、宾语或表语
whom “谁(宾格)”,用于询问人,在句中作宾语
whose “谁的”,用于询问所属关系,在句中作定语或表语
what “什么”,用于询问事件、物品、职业等,在句中作主语、表语、宾语或定语
which “哪一个”,指在一定范围内的人或物,在句中作主语、定语或宾语
命题方向1　人称代词、物主代词与反身代词
1.(2025·丽水市庆元县、龙泉市一模第62题)________(它的) purpose is to collect unsold food from restaurants and send it for free to food kitchen.
2.(2025·丽水市庆元县、龙泉市一模第73题)It only takes _____ (we) a short time to bend down and pick up a piece of rubbish.
考点精练
　Its　
　us　
3.I’ve improved a lot since Miss Li taught _____(I) English.
4.Toby’s bike is quite nice but I prefer ______(my).
5.The students relaxed ____________(they) after the final exam.
6.The kid is too young to dress _________(she).
7.My books are on the desk. I wonder where _______(your) are
　me　
　mine　
　themselves　
　herself　
　yours　
8.Little Tom hurt _________(he) while having P.E. class.
9.Help ____________(you) to some cake, Frank and Peter.
10.Mr.Smith showed a nice photo of his daughter to _____(I).
　himself　
　yourselves　
　me　
命题方向2　不定代词
11.The doctor kept on working although he knew there was ___________ wrong with his heart.
12.Kevin bought some gifts for his family but _________ for himself.
13.The classroom was empty and ___________ was on the playground.
14.Alex did best in the game. ________ else did better.
15._________ is a waste if you have a creative mind.
　something　
　nothing　
　everybody　
　Nobody　
　Nothing　
16.When you hear the word hero, you may think of _________ like Tu Youyou.
17.There are some stores on ________ side of the street.
18.______ of my parents are teachers. They work really hard.
19.There was a terrible car accident in the city. Luckily, ______ of the passengers were badly hurt.
20.I have had a few sleepless ________(night) recently because of too much pressure from work.
　someone　
　either　
　Both　
　none　
　nights　
命题方向3　指示代词和疑问代词
21.Do you know ______ the population of Shanghai is
22.This is Bill. Is ______ Robert speaking
23.—_______ is this bike
—It may be John’s.
24.I find _____ difficult to learn math well.
25._____ is important to master some living skills.
26.There were a few young men and some old ______ in the house.
　what　
　that　
　Whose　
　it　
　It　
　ones　
27.Mary’s hand writing is far better than ______ of Peter’s.
28.Television sets made in Shanghai are just as good as _______ made in Japan.
29._______ coat do you like, the brown one or the black one
30.I wonder ______ life was like here in the past.
　that　
　those　
　Which　
　what　
(一)
1.It’s amazing that most countries have _______(they) own sign languages.
2.The town is getting more and more beautiful with many flowers on ______ sides of the streets.
3.The cat lay on the sofa, washing ________(it).
考点整合训练
　their　
　both　
　itself　
4.The light went out suddenly. It was very dark and _________ could be seen clearly.
5.You have just read the newspaper today. Did you find _______ interesting in it
6.This rich woman has two sons, but _________ of them lives with her.
7._____ is necessary to wear a helmet(头盔) when we are riding a bicycle to ensure our safety.
　nothing　
　anything　
　neither　
　It　
8.—Where would you like to go tomorrow, Huangguoshu Waterfall or Loong Palace
—________ is OK for me. It’s up to you.
9.Though I failed a lot ______(many) times than I succeeded, I know a lot from the failure.
10.There is something wrong with my computer. Could I use _______(you)
　Either　
　more　
　yours　
(二)
　　I saw something terrible! I couldn’t just stand there and do 1._________ while the water continued to rise. I tried shouting, but my cries fell on deaf ears. People in offices and homes just focused on 2._______ computer screens. As the water made 3._____ way into people’s rooms, pouring onto their computers, panic finally set in. People started to notice the flood, realizing that it was happening right in front of their eyes. However, by
　nothing　
　their　
　its　
then 4._____ was too late. The damage had been done.
Suddenly, I awoke from my dream, finding 5.________ in the safety of my own room, with water flooding around.
　it　
　myself　
Passage 1
(2025·嘉兴市一模词汇运用(A)改编)
nothing　he　this　it　himself
Lu Ban was a master craftsman(工匠) in ancient China. Once when he was building a palace, he needed a lot of wood. But 1._____ was slow to cut the wood. He thought hard about how 2._____ could make the work faster. One day,
综合提能
　it　
　he　
he picked up some grass and felt pain in his hand. It had tiny, sharp teeth. This gave him an idea. “I can make a tool like 3.________!” he thought to 4.___________. After many tries, he finally made a tool with teeth—a saw. It worked well and made cutting wood much easier. Thanks to Lu Ban, people had a great new tool! So, if you have a creative mind, 5._________ is impossible.
　this　
　himself　
　nothing　
Passage 2
Shawn is in the seventh grade. He enjoys learning something new by 1._________(他自己). Once, his teacher taught students how to grow beans. He told his grandfather about 2._____(它的) process. His grandfather said, “You do just as what 3.______(你的) teacher taught you. I have another way to grow strong plants” He continued, “When the plant is coming out, put some weight on it.”
　himself　
　its　
　your　
Shawn couldn’t believe it and asked, “Won’t the weight stop the bean from growing ” “No. It will grow too fast and be weak if you give it everything that it wants.” He tried exactly what his grandfather told 4._____(他). One day, he was surprised to see that the plant stood well after there was a heavy storm outside.
There must be difficulties in 5._____(我们的) lives. What we need to do is to learn to grow in difficult situations.
　him　
　our　
Thanks!
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【2026中考二轮复习 语法基础 】代词 课堂讲解
考点精讲
考点一　人称代词、物主代词、反身代词
1.人称代词、物主代词、反身代词
类别 数 人称　　　　　　　 人称代词 物主代词 反身代词
主格 宾格 形容词性 名词性
第一人称 单数 I me my mine myself
复数 we us our ours ourselves
第二人称 单数 you you your yours yourself
复数 you you your yours yourselves
第三人称 单数 he him his his himself
she her her hers herself
it it its its itself
复数 they them their theirs themselves
2.人称代词、物主代词、反身代词的用法
分类 用法 示例
人称代词主格 在句中作主语,通常位于动词前 She often helps me with English.
人称代词宾格 在句中通常作动词或介词的宾语,也可以作系动词的表语 ①This is my mother, and I love her very much. ②Give it to him, please! ③—Who is the baby in the photo 　—It’s me.
物主代词 形容词性物主代词作定语,修饰名词 This is my backpack.
名词性物主代词相当于形容词性物主代词+名词 ①My bag is yellow. Hers is red and yours is pink. ②This book isn’t mine. ③I lost my wallet, and she also lost hers.
反身代词 反身代词表示和主语是同一人或事物在句中不能单独作主语,只能作宾语、表语或同位语 He fell down and hurt himself.
3.反身代词的固定搭配
learn by oneself自学　　　　　　
teach oneself自学　　　　　　
enjoy oneself玩得高兴
dress oneself(自己)穿衣
help oneself to自取……
hurt oneself伤到某人自己
keep… to oneself对……保密
by oneself独自
考点二　指示代词
1.指示代词
代词 用法 示例
this/these 指代较近的人或物,或指下文将要提到的事情 ·These are my friends.这些是我的朋友。 ·Please remember this: No pain, no gain. 请记住这点:不劳无获。
that/those 指代较远的人或物,或指前面提到过的东西 ·Those are my teachers.那些是我的老师。 ·I’m sorry to hear that.听到那个我很难过。
2.it的常见用法
类别 用法 例句
作形式主语 ①It’s+adj.+of/for sb. to do sth.对某人来说做某事是怎么样的。 ②It takes/took sb. some time to do sth.做某事花费某人多长时间。 ③It’s+adj.+that从句 It is important for us to listen carefully in class. It usually takes me 10 minutes to get to school by bus. It’s exciting that we win the game.
作形式宾语 常用在动词believe, find, think, make, consider, feel等词后,如believe it+adj.+to do sth.相信做某事是怎么样的 She finds it difficult to learn a new language.
考点三　不定代词
1.常用的不定代词
(1)some与any
不定代词 用法辨析
some 多用于肯定句中,还可用于表示建议、请求或希望得到对方肯定回答的疑问句中,意为“一些”
any 多用于否定句、疑问句及条件状语从句中
(2)(a) few与(a) little
不定代词 用法辨析
few 修饰可数名词复数 表示否定意义,意为“几乎没有”
little 修饰不可数名词
a few 修饰可数名词复数 表示肯定意义,意为“几个;少许”
a little 修饰不可数名词
(3)many与much
不定代词 用法辨析 相同点
many 修饰可数名词复数,意为“许多” many, much都可以和副词so, too, how等连用
much 修饰不可数名词,意为“许多”
(4)each与every
不定代词 用法辨析 相同点
each 强调个体可构成“each of+名词/代词”结构 表示“每个;各个”
every 强调整体,不能与of连用,只能用作定语修饰单数可数名词
(5)both, all, either, neither与none
不定代词 用法辨析 相同点
both 表示“两者都”,常见搭配both… and… ,表示“……和……都”,作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式 ①both, all, either, neither, none均可加“of+名词/代词复数”; ②“both/all+of+名词/代词复数”作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式;
all 表示“三者及三者以上都”
either 表示“两者中任一”, either… or… 表示“或者……或者……”,作主语时,谓语动词遵循“就近一致”原则
neither 表示“两者都不”; neither… nor… 表示“既不……也不……”,连接并列主语时,谓语动词遵循“就近一致”原则 ③“either+of+名词/代词复数”作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式; ④“neither/none+of+名词/代词复数”作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式或复数形式均可
none 表示“三者及三者以上都不”
(6)other, the other, others, the others与another
不定代词 含义 用法辨析
other 表示“别的;其他的”,不能单独使用,后面常接可数名词复数 ·He studies English, math and some other subjects. 他学习英语、数学和一些别的科目。
the other 特指“两者中的另一个”;也可指“剩余的”,后接可数名词复数 ·One of the twins likes apples, and the other likes oranges. 这对双胞胎中的一个喜欢苹果,另一个喜欢橙子。(两者中的另一个)
others 泛指“别人;别的东西”,相当于“other+复数名词”,故其后不能接名词。其常与some构成“some… others… ”结构,意为“一些……另一些……” ·Some students are dancing, and others are singing. 一些学生在跳舞,另一些在唱歌。
the others 特指剩余的人或物,相当于“the other+复数名词”,表示一定范围内剩下的全部 ·Five students are dancing, and the others are singing. 五个学生在跳舞,剩下的在唱歌。
another 泛指三者或三者以上的人或物中的另一个,一般和可数名词单数连用,用作形容词或代词 one another=each other互相
2.复合不定代词
(1)常见的复合不定代词
　　　前缀 后缀　　　 some-(肯定) any-(否定/肯定) every-(肯定) no-(否定)
-one(指人) someone某人 anyone任何人 everyone每人 no one没有人
-body(指人) somebody某人 anybody任何人 everybody每人 nobody没有人
-thing(指物) something某事 anything任何事 Everything 每一件事 Nothing 没有东西
(2)复合不定代词的用法:
①复合不定代词作主语时,都看作单数,其谓语动词用单数形式。
Someone is knocking at the door.有人在敲门。
②当形容词或else修饰复合不定代词时,要置于不定代词之后。
I have something else to tell you.我还有别的事情要告诉你。
③在表示请求、邀请、建议等带有委婉语气的疑问句和希望得到肯定答复的疑问句中,常用something, someone, somebody等复合不定代词;any-类复合不定代词用于肯定句时,表示“任何……”之意。
—Would you like something to eat 你要吃些东西吗
—Anything is OK.什么都行。
④复合不定代词的常用句型:
a.There is something wrong with… 意为“……出问题了”
b.… has something/nothing to do with… 意为“……与……有/无关”
c.sb. can do nothing but… 意为“某人除了……,别的什么都不能做”
考点四　疑问代词
常见疑问代词及用法
疑问代词 用法
who “谁(主格)”,用于询问人,在句中作主语、宾语或表语
whom “谁(宾格)”,用于询问人,在句中作宾语
whose “谁的”,用于询问所属关系,在句中作定语或表语
what “什么”,用于询问事件、物品、职业等,在句中作主语、表语、宾语或定语
which “哪一个”,指在一定范围内的人或物,在句中作主语、定语或宾语
考点精练
命题方向1　人称代词、物主代词与反身代词
1.(2025·丽水市庆元县、龙泉市一模第62题)________(它的) purpose is to collect unsold food from restaurants and send it for free to food kitchen.
2.(2025·丽水市庆元县、龙泉市一模第73题)It only takes _____ (we) a short time to bend down and pick up a piece of rubbish.
3.I’ve improved a lot since Miss Li taught _____(I) English.
4.Toby’s bike is quite nice but I prefer ______(my).
5.The students relaxed ____________(they) after the final exam.
6.The kid is too young to dress _________(she).
7.My books are on the desk. I wonder where _______(your) are
8.Little Tom hurt _________(he) while having P.E. class.
9.Help ____________(you) to some cake, Frank and Peter.
10.Mr.Smith showed a nice photo of his daughter to _____(I).
命题方向2　不定代词
11.The doctor kept on working although he knew there was ___________ wrong with his heart.
12.Kevin bought some gifts for his family but _________ for himself.
13.The classroom was empty and ___________ was on the playground.
14.Alex did best in the game. ________ else did better.
15._________ is a waste if you have a creative mind.
16.When you hear the word hero, you may think of _________ like Tu Youyou.
17.There are some stores on ________ side of the street.
18.______ of my parents are teachers. They work really hard.
19.There was a terrible car accident in the city. Luckily, ______ of the passengers were badly hurt.
20.I have had a few sleepless ________(night) recently because of too much pressure from work.
命题方向3　指示代词和疑问代词
21.Do you know ______ the population of Shanghai is
22.This is Bill. Is ______ Robert speaking
23.—_______ is this bike
—It may be John’s.
24.I find _____ difficult to learn math well.
25._____ is important to master some living skills.
26.There were a few young men and some old ______ in the house.
27.Mary’s hand writing is far better than ______ of Peter’s.
28.Television sets made in Shanghai are just as good as _______ made in Japan.
29._______ coat do you like, the brown one or the black one
30.I wonder ______ life was like here in the past.
考点整合训练
(一)
1.It’s amazing that most countries have _______(they) own sign languages.
2.The town is getting more and more beautiful with many flowers on ______ sides of the streets.
3.The cat lay on the sofa, washing ________(it).
4.The light went out suddenly. It was very dark and _________ could be seen clearly.
5.You have just read the newspaper today. Did you find _______ interesting in it
6.This rich woman has two sons, but _________ of them lives with her.
7._____ is necessary to wear a helmet(头盔) when we are riding a bicycle to ensure our safety.
8.—Where would you like to go tomorrow, Huangguoshu Waterfall or Loong Palace
—________ is OK for me. It’s up to you.
9.Though I failed a lot ______(many) times than I succeeded, I know a lot from the failure.
10.There is something wrong with my computer. Could I use _______(you)
(二)
　　I saw something terrible! I couldn’t just stand there and do 1._________ while the water continued to rise. I tried shouting, but my cries fell on deaf ears. People in offices and homes just focused on 2._______ computer screens. As the water made 3._____ way into people’s rooms, pouring onto their computers, panic finally set in. People started to notice the flood, realizing that it was happening right in front of their eyes. However, by then 4._____ was too late. The damage had been done.
Suddenly, I awoke from my dream, finding 5.________ in the safety of my own room, with water flooding around.
综合提能
Passage 1
(2025·嘉兴市一模词汇运用(A)改编)
nothing　he　this　it　himself
Lu Ban was a master craftsman(工匠) in ancient China. Once when he was building a palace, he needed a lot of wood. But 1._____ was slow to cut the wood. He thought hard about how 2._____ could make the work faster. One day, he picked up some grass and felt pain in his hand. It had tiny, sharp teeth. This gave him an idea. “I can make a tool like 3.________!” he thought to 4.___________. After many tries, he finally made a tool with teeth—a saw. It worked well and made cutting wood much easier. Thanks to Lu Ban, people had a great new tool! So, if you have a creative mind, 5._________ is impossible.
Passage 2
Shawn is in the seventh grade. He enjoys learning something new by 1._________(他自己). Once, his teacher taught students how to grow beans. He told his grandfather about 2._____(它的) process. His grandfather said, “You do just as what 3.______(你的) teacher taught you. I have another way to grow strong plants” He continued, “When the plant is coming out, put some weight on it.”
Shawn couldn’t believe it and asked, “Won’t the weight stop the bean from growing ” “No. It will grow too fast and be weak if you give it everything that it wants.” He tried exactly what his grandfather told 4._____(他). One day, he was surprised to see that the plant stood well after there was a heavy storm outside.
There must be difficulties in 5._____(我们的) lives. What we need to do is to learn to grow in difficult situations.
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