备战2026年高考英语完形填空:身体部位动物名词 动词构成的35个熟词生义短语

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备战2026年高考英语完形填空:身体部位动物名词 动词构成的35个熟词生义短语

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备战2026年高考英语完形填空:身体部位/动物名词+动词构成的35个熟词生义短语
高考完形填空题有个常见的考法-熟词生义,就是字面意思和真实含义是两码事。这类题很容易成为同学们失分重灾区:比如看到带head/eye/leg/
cat/horse就按字面意思翻译,就会造成无法和题目匹配,因而错过正确选项。距离高考已经很近了,为了方便大家复习,今天我给大家整理两类高频陷阱:身体动作类(像 bite the bullet、scratch one‘s head)和 动物类(像 let the cat out of the bag、dark horse)构成的短语。每一组都有典型例句,建议每天早读时背几个。
第一部分:身体动作类短语(25个) 1
第二部分:动物类短语(10个) 8
第三部分:高考强化练习(10道) 11
第四部分:总结+学习方法 14
第一部分:身体动作类短语(25个)
一、头部相关(8个)
1. hold one’s breath
字面:屏住呼吸
核心义:焦急等待、紧张期待(高考完形最高频)
考频:
真题语境:等待考试结果、家人等待亲人平安、比赛等待结果
例句:Simon held his breath and waited for the result.(西蒙屏住呼吸,焦急等待结果。)
易错提醒:不是真的憋气,是心理上的紧张等待
记忆口诀:憋气等结果,心里最紧张
2. scratch one’s head
字面:挠头
核心义:绞尽脑汁、困惑不解
考频:
例句:He scratched his head, not understanding the math problem.(他绞尽脑汁,也没弄懂这道数学题。)
记忆口诀:挠头想不出,困惑又无助
3. beat one’s head against the wall
字面:用头撞墙
核心义:白费力气、徒劳无功
考频:
例句:Trying to change his mind is beating your head against the wall.(想改变他的想法纯属白费力气。)
同义替换:in vain(徒劳)
4. keep your head
字面:保持头
核心义:保持冷静、镇定自若
考频:
反义短语:lose your head(失去理智)
例句:In an emergency, you must keep your head.(紧急情况下,你必须保持冷静。)
5. lose your head
字面:丢掉头
核心义:失去理智、惊慌失措
考频:
真题语境:遇到危险、突发状况时的情绪反应
例句:Don’t lose your head when you face difficulties.(遇到困难时不要失去理智。)
6. hold your head high
字面:高昂着头
核心义:昂首挺胸、感到自豪
考频:
情感色彩:褒义,形容有尊严、不自卑
例句:You did your best, so hold your head high.(你尽力了,大可昂首挺胸。)
7. bite the bullet
字面:咬子弹
核心义:硬着头皮、勇敢面对、忍痛做某事
考频:
词源:内战时士兵无麻药,咬子弹忍痛手术
真题语境:面对困难、挑战、不得不做的事
例句:You have to bite the bullet and finish the task.(你得硬着头皮完成任务。)
同义替换:face the music(承担后果)
8. keep your chin up
字面:抬起下巴
核心义:振作起来、别气馁
考频:
适用场景:安慰受挫、失意的人
例句:Keep your chin up! Tomorrow will be better.(振作点!明天会更好。)
9. stick your neck out
字面:脖子伸出去
核心义:冒险、挺身而出、惹麻烦
考频:
情感色彩:中性/贬义,指做有风险的事
例句:He stuck his neck out to help his friend.(他冒险帮助了朋友。)
二、眼耳相关(5个)
10. keep an eye on
字面:把眼睛放上去
核心义:留意、照看、密切关注
考频:
万能短语:生活/考试最高频,无贬义
例句:Please keep an eye on my luggage.(请帮我照看一下行李。)
11. turn a blind eye
字面:转瞎眼
核心义:视而不见、故意不理
考频:
情感色彩:贬义,指明知故犯、纵容
例句:The boss turned a blind eye to his mistakes.(老板对他的错误视而不见。)
12. turn a deaf ear
字面:转聋耳
核心义:充耳不闻、置之不理
考频:
固定搭配:turn a deaf ear to sb./sth.
例句:She turned a deaf ear to my warning.(她对我的警告充耳不闻。)
13. see eye to eye
字面:眼对眼
核心义:看法一致、达成共识
考频:
否定形式:don’t see eye to eye(意见不合)
例句:We don’t see eye to eye on this plan.(我们在这个计划上意见不合。)
14. play it by ear
字面:用耳朵弹
核心义:见机行事、随机应变、无计划行事
考频:
真题语境:没有预定计划,临场决定
例句:We have no plan, so let’s play it by ear.(我们没有计划,就见机行事吧。)
三、手脚相关(8个)
15. pull one’s leg
字面:拉腿
核心义:开玩笑、逗乐、哄骗
考频:
易错提醒:不是拉后腿,是开玩笑!
例句:Don’t be angry. I’m just pulling your leg.(别生气,我只是开玩笑。)
16. cost an arm and a leg
字面:花掉胳膊腿
核心义:极其昂贵、价格不菲
考频:
适用场景:奢侈品、高价物品
例句:This car cost an arm and a leg.(这辆车花了一大笔钱。)
17. get off my back
字面:从我背上下来
核心义:别烦我、别唠叨
考频:
口语高频:抱怨对方一直催促、指责
例句:Get off my back! I’ll do it right now.(别烦我!我马上做。)
18. give someone the cold shoulder
字面:给冷肩膀
核心义:冷落、不理睬、疏远
考频:
固定搭配:give sb. the cold shoulder
例句:She gave me the cold shoulder after the quarrel.(吵架后她冷落了我。)
19. get cold feet
字面:脚变冷
核心义:临阵退缩、害怕胆怯
考频:
真题语境:考试、演讲、比赛前突然害怕
例句:He got cold feet before the speech.(演讲前他临阵退缩了。)
20. put your foot in your mouth
字面:把脚放嘴里
核心义:说错话、祸从口出
考频:
情感色彩:贬义,指无意冒犯
例句:I put my foot in my mouth at the party.(我在派对上说错话了。)
21. shake a leg
字面:抖腿
核心义:快点、赶紧
考频:
口语催促:= hurry up
例句:Shake a leg! We are late.(快点!我们迟到了。)
22. stand on your own two feet
字面:靠自己两只脚站着
核心义:独立自主、自食其力
考频:
适用场景:成年、毕业、独立生活
例句:You should stand on your own two feet.(你应该独立自主。)
四、全身及其他(4个)
23. pull yourself together
字面:把自己拉一起
核心义:振作起来、冷静下来、控制情绪
考频:
近义:keep your head / cheer up
例句:Pull yourself together and try again.(振作起来再试一次。)
24. bite off more than you can chew
字面:咬得太多嚼不了
核心义:不自量力、承担过多
考频:
贬义:形容能力不足却揽事
例句:He bit off more than he could chew by taking 5 jobs.(他打5份工,实在不自量力。)
25. get off the ground
字面:离开地面
核心义:顺利启动、开始实施
考频:
适用场景:计划、项目、事业
例句:The project finally got off the ground.(这个项目终于顺利启动了。)
第二部分:动物类短语(10个)
1. let the cat out of the bag
字面:把猫从袋子里放出来
核心义:泄露秘密、说漏嘴
考频:
词源:旧时商贩用猫冒充小猪装袋,猫跑出来骗局暴露
例句:He let the cat out of the bag about the surprise party.(他泄露了惊喜派对的秘密。)
2. hold your horses
字面:勒住马
核心义:慢点、别急、耐心点
考频:
近义:hold on / don’t rush
例句:Hold your horses! Let me finish.(别急!让我说完。)
3. when pigs fly
字面:猪会飞时
核心义:绝无可能、天方夜谭
考频:
语气:讽刺、否定
例句:He will apologize when pigs fly.(他绝不可能道歉。)
4. kill two birds with one stone
字面:一石杀两鸟
核心义:一举两得、事半功倍
考频:
褒义:写作/口语加分短语
例句:Walking to work kills two birds with one stone.(步行上班一举两得。)
5. a wild goose chase
字面:追野鹅
核心义:徒劳无功、白忙活
考频:
近义:beat one’s head against the wall
例句:It’s a wild goose chase to look for it here.(在这里找纯属白忙活。)
6. the elephant in the room
字面:房间里的象
核心义:显而易见却被回避的问题
考频:
适用场景:大家都知道却不敢提的事
例句:The cost is the elephant in the room.(成本是大家避而不谈的问题。)
7. black sheep
字面:黑羊
核心义:害群之马、家族败类
考频:
固定搭配:the black sheep of the family
例句:He is the black sheep of the family.(他是家里的害群之马。)
8. dark horse
字面:黑马
核心义:黑马、出人意料的获胜者
考频:
褒义:比赛、竞争中脱颖而出
例句:She is a dark horse in the English competition.(她是英语竞赛的黑马。)
9. get the lion’s share
字面:拿到狮子的那份
核心义:最大份额、最多部分
考频:
来源:狮子捕猎后分得最多食物
例句:He got the lion’s share of the prize.(他拿到了大部分奖金。)
10. as the crow flies
字面:像乌鸦飞一样
核心义:直线距离、笔直距离
考频:
对比:实际路程 > 直线距离
例句:It’s 5 miles as the crow flies.(直线距离5英里。)
第三部分:高考强化练习
1.When the result was announced, all the students ______ to know their scores.
A. held their breath
B. scratched their heads
C. got cold feet
D. turned a blind eye
答案:A 解析:等待成绩时紧张焦急,用hold one’s breath。
2.The problem was so hard that all of us ______, trying to solve it.
A. held our breath
B. scratched our heads
C. stood on our feet
D. kept our chin up
答案:B 解析:难题让人绞尽脑汁,用scratch one’s head。
3.Though the task was hard, he decided to ______ and finish it.
A. bite the bullet
B. pull his leg
C. get off his back
D. turn a deaf ear
答案:A 解析:硬着头皮完成困难任务,用bite the bullet。
4.The teacher ______ to the students’ small mistakes to encourage them.
A. turned a blind eye
B. kept an eye on
C. saw eye to eye
D. shook a leg
答案:A 解析:老师故意视而不见小错误,用turn a blind eye。
5.Don’t worry about the plan. We can just ______.
A. play it by ear
B. cost an arm and a leg
C. get off the ground
D. hold your horses
答案:A 解析:无计划就见机行事,用play it by ear。
6.Stop joking! You are always ______.
A. pulling my leg
B. beating my head
C. putting my foot
D. giving me a shoulder
答案:A 解析:开玩笑用pull one’s leg。
7.The diamond ring ______, so he didn’t buy it.
A. cost an arm and a leg
B. killed two birds
C. was a dark horse
D. let the cat out
答案:A 解析:钻石戒指极其昂贵,用cost an arm and a leg。
8.My parents and I don’t ______ on many things, but we love each other.
A. see eye to eye
B. hold our head
C. lose our head
D. stand on our feet
答案:A 解析:意见不合用don’t see eye to eye。
9.He was ready to sing, but he ______ at the last minute.
A. got cold feet
B. kept his chin up
C. pulled himself together
D. turned a deaf ear
答案:A 解析:临阵退缩用get cold feet。
10.I didn’t mean to tell the secret. I just ______.
A. let the cat out of the bag
B. held my horses
C. was a black sheep
D. got the lion’s share
答案:A 解析:泄露秘密用let the cat out of the bag。
第四部分:总结+学习方法
一、避坑3条铁律
身体部位+动词:99%不直译,记情绪/动作引申义
动物类短语:全是比喻,记人类行为/状态
完形解题:先看语境(情绪、场景、人物关系),再选短语
二、3步高效记忆法
遮义自测:只看短语,猜中文意思
语境绑定:记短语+典型场景(如hold one’s breath=等待结果)
错题复盘:把选错的短语整理到笔记本,标注易错点
三、写作加分用法
鼓励他人:keep your chin up / pull yourself together
描述计划:play it by ear / get off the ground
评价事情:kill two birds with one stone / cost an arm and a leg
21世纪教育网 www.21cnjy.com 精品试卷·第 2 页 (共 2 页)
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