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Unit 5 Looking into nature
一、阅读理解，本大题共5小题，每小题4分，共20分。阅读下列短文，根据短文内容选择最佳选项。
The Magic of the Coral Reef
Coral reefs are one of the most amazing natural wonders on Earth. They are often called "the rainforests of the sea" because they are home to thousands of species of fish, plants and other creatures. Coral reefs cover less than 0.1% of the ocean floor, but they support more than 25% of all marine species.
Coral reefs are not just rocks. They are made up of tiny living creatures called coral polyps. These polyps live in groups and secrete a hard substance that forms the structure of the reef. Coral reefs grow very slowly—only about 1 to 2 centimeters per year. Some coral reefs have been around for millions of years.
However, coral reefs are in great danger now. Climate change is causing the ocean temperature to rise, which makes the coral turn white and die. Pollution from factories and farms is also harming the reefs. Plastic waste in the ocean can get stuck on the reefs and kill the polyps. In addition, overfishing is destroying the balance of the marine ecosystem.
But there is hope. Many organizations and individuals are working hard to protect coral reefs. Scientists are researching ways to help coral reefs adapt to climate change. Volunteers are cleaning up plastic waste from the ocean. Governments are making laws to stop overfishing and pollution.
We can also do our part to protect coral reefs. For example, we can reduce our carbon footprint by saving energy and using public transport. We can also avoid buying products that harm coral reefs, such as certain sunscreens. Every small action can help save these beautiful natural wonders.
1.Why are coral reefs called "the rainforests of the sea"？
A．They are as big as rainforests. B．They grow in the same area as rainforests.
C．They support a large number of species. D．They are made up of tiny plants.
2.What does the underlined word "secrete" mean in Chinese
A．吸收 B．分泌 C．消耗 D．储存
3.Which of the following is NOT a threat to coral reefs
A．Rising ocean temperatures. B．Plastic pollution.
C．Overfishing. D．Marine protected areas.
4.What can we infer from the passage
A．Coral reefs grow very quickly.
B．Only scientists can protect coral reefs.
C．If we take action, coral reefs can be saved.
D．Coral reefs are not important for the marine ecosystem.
5.What is the main idea of the passage
A．Coral reefs are home to many marine species. B．Coral reefs are in danger and need protection.
C．How coral reefs are formed. D．Why coral reefs are important.
二、完形填空，本大题共10小题，每小题3分，共30分。根据短文内容，从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Have you ever seen a group of wild geese （大雁） flying south for the winter
On an autumn day, my mother and I took a walk by the lake. As we looked at the 6 , a group of wild geese suddenly appeared. They headed south for the winter in the 7 of a "V". I was caught by the surprising sight.
My mother 8 the secrets of the animal migration （迁徙） for me. One of the most surprising examples is the gray whales which have the 9 yearly trips, covering almost 20,000 kilometres. These whales 10 landmarks near the sea to move to the north or south. When migrating south in winter, they keep the beach on their left. When migrating north in spring, they keep the coast on their 11 . What’s more, my mother explained that the migration of birds 12 the Earth’s magnetic field （磁场）. These birds know how to use the magnetic field to 13 when the sun or stars are covered by clouds.
Learning about animal migration makes me realise 14 magical the natural world is. It also makes me understand the importance of getting knowledge and understanding the world around us. We should never stop exploring and questioning, because there is always something 15 to discover. The natural world is full of wonders, and we should do our best to enjoy and protect it.
6.A．species B．newspaper C．sky D．writing
7.A．style B．length C．size D．shape
8.A．unlocked B．suggested C．advised D．compared
9.A．darkest B．hardest C．longest D．nearest
10.A．realise B．use C．protect D．benefit
11.A．left B．right C．front D．back
12.A．lives on B．feeds on C．works on D．depends on
13.A．rest B．wait C．travel D．hide
14.A．what B．how C．why D．when
15.A．unknown B．unhappy C．uncommon D．unable
三、七选五：根据上下文补全对话，20分。
Nature holds many secrets that we are still trying to unlock.
16 One of these amazing discoveries is an amber fossil with a dinosaur tail inside it.
17 Before this, many people believed that all dinosaurs were large, scaly animals. But the fossil showed that some dinosaurs had feathers, like modern birds.
18 This fossil is like a window on the past. It helps us understand what the world was like millions of years ago.
19 Scientists are still studying it. They want to prove that many dinosaurs were feather-covered, not scaly.
20 Every new discovery helps us change the way we see the world around us.
A．This discovery changed our ideas about dinosaurs.
B．Sometimes, amazing discoveries help us learn more.
C．Dinosaurs were the largest animals that ever lived.
D．We still have much to learn about these ancient species.
E．This fossil is a very important clue to the past.
F．All dinosaurs had feathers, just like modern birds.
G．Studying nature can teach us many things.
四、书面表达，30分。
在植物探索的征程中，无数先驱者留下足迹。请你根据以下提示写一篇英语短文，介绍中国植物探索者胡先骕，展现其贡献与精神。
(1) 胡先骕生于1894年；
(2) 他发现许多新物种；
(3) 1948年，他与郑万钧共同鉴定“活化石”水杉 (Metasequoia glyptostroboides Hu et Cheng)
注意：
(1) 词数80～100，开头已给出，不计入总词数；
(2) 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
(3) 文中不能出现真实姓名及学校名称。
Hu Xiansu is a remarkable Chinese plant explorer.
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参考答案
1．C 2．B 3．D 4．C 5．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了珊瑚礁的特点、面临的威胁以及人类保护珊瑚礁的努力。
1.细节理解题。根据第一段“They are often called ‘the rainforests of the sea’ because they are home to thousands of species…”可知，珊瑚礁被称为“海洋中的雨林”，是因为它们支持大量物种生存。故选C。
2.词句猜测题。根据第二段“These polyps live in groups and secrete a hard substance that forms the structure of the reef.”可知，这里指珊瑚虫“分泌”一种坚硬物质形成珊瑚礁结构，因此secrete意为“分泌”。故选B。
3.细节理解题。根据第三段提到的威胁包括气候变暖、污染、塑料垃圾和过度捕捞，而marine protected areas（海洋保护区）是保护措施，不是威胁。故选D。
4.推理判断题。根据第四段和第五段介绍人们采取各种措施保护珊瑚礁，以及“Every small action can help save these beautiful natural wonders.”可推知，只要采取行动，珊瑚礁仍有希望被保护。故选C。
5.主旨大意题。文章先介绍珊瑚礁，再重点说明其面临危险以及保护方法，因此主旨是珊瑚礁处于危险之中，需要保护。故选B。
6．C 7．D 8．A 9．C 10．B 11．B 12．D 13．C 14．B 15．A
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。作者通过和母亲观察大雁南飞，了解到动物迁徙（如灰鲸和鸟类）的奇妙现象，从而感悟到自然的神奇、知识的重要性以及探索与保护自然的必要性。
6.句意：当我们仰望天空时，一群大雁突然出现了。
species物种；newspaper报纸；sky天空；writing写作。根据“a group of wild geese suddenly appeared”和常识可知，大雁出现在“天空”中。look at the sky“仰望天空”。故选C。
7.句意：它们以“V”字形南飞过冬。
style风格；length长度；size尺寸；shape形状。根据“in the…of a ‘V’”可知，大雁排成“V”字“形”。in the shape of“呈……形状”。故选D。
8.句意：我的母亲为我揭开了动物迁徙的秘密。
unlocked揭开（秘密）；suggested建议；advised建议；compared比较。根据“the secrets of the animal migration for me”可知，母亲“揭开”了秘密。unlock the secrets“揭开秘密”。故选A。
9.句意：最令人惊讶的例子之一是灰鲸，它们有最长的年度旅程，覆盖近两万公里。
darkest最黑暗的；hardest最困难的；longest最长的；nearest最近的。根据“covering almost 20,000 kilometres”可知，这是“最长的”旅程。故选C。
10.句意：这些鲸鱼利用海岸附近的地标来向南或北移动。
realise意识到；use使用；protect保护；benefit受益。根据“landmarks near the sea to move”可知，它们“利用”地标来导航。故选B。
11.句意：当春天向北迁徙时，它们让海岸保持在它们的右边。
left左边；right右边；front前面；back后面。根据“When migrating south in winter, they keep the beach on their left.”可知，向南时左靠岸，那么向北时方向相反，应是右靠岸。故选B。
12.句意：此外，我的母亲解释说，鸟类的迁徙依赖于地球的磁场。
lives on以……为生；feeds on以……为食；works on致力于；depends on依赖于。根据“the migration of birds...the Earth’s magnetic field”可知，鸟类的迁徙“依赖于”地球磁场来导航。故选D。
13.句意：这些鸟知道如何利用磁场来旅行，即使太阳或星星被云层遮盖。
rest休息；wait等待；travel旅行，移动；hide隐藏。根据“when the sun or stars are covered by clouds”可知，磁场帮助它们在无法利用天体时继续“飞行/移动”。故选C。
14.句意：了解动物迁徙让我意识到自然界是多么神奇。
what什么；how多么；why为什么；when何时。根据“…magical the natural world is”可知，这是一个感叹句结构，how + adj. + 主语 + 谓语，表示“多么……”。故选B。
15.句意：我们永远不应该停止探索和质疑，因为总有一些未知的东西等待被发现。
unknown未知的；unhappy不快乐的；uncommon不寻常的；unable不能的。根据“there is always something...to discover”可知，总有“未知的”事物待发现。故选A。
16．B 17．A 18．E 19．D 20．G
【导语】本文主要讲述了自然界中存在许多尚未解开的秘密，其中关于恐龙化石的新发现改变了人们对恐龙的传统认知，这一发现为了解远古世界提供了重要线索，同时也说明了研究自然能帮助人类获得新知。
16.前文提到大自然有很多尚未解锁的秘密，后文引出具体的惊人发现，B选项“Sometimes, amazing discoveries help us learn more.”完美衔接，且对应后文的“one of these amazing discoveries”，符合逻辑。
17.后文提到这块化石推翻了人们过去认为恐龙都是大型带鳞动物的认知，A选项“This discovery changed our ideas about dinosaurs.”正好统领下文。
18.后文将这块化石比作通往过去的窗口，指出它帮助我们了解远古世界，E选项“This fossil is a very important clue to the past.”衔接下文。
19.后文提到科学家仍在研究这块化石，想要进一步验证恐龙多为带羽而非带鳞的猜想，D选项“We still have much to learn about these ancient species.”符合语境。
20.此处为全文总结，后文提到每一个新发现都会改变我们看待世界的方式，G选项“Studying nature can teach us many things.”契合总结语境，逻辑通顺。
21.范文：
Hu Xiansu is a remarkable Chinese plant explorer.
He was born in 1894. He dedicated his life to exploring and studying plants. He travelled across mountains and through forests, enduring harsh conditions to collect specimens. Hu discovered many new plant species and made significant contributions to plant classification in China. His work laid a solid foundation for the understanding of China’s rich plant resources. In 1948, he, together with Zheng Wanjun, identified Metasequoia glyptostroboides Hu et Cheng, the living fossil, which shocked the international botanical community.
Hu Xiansu’s spirit of exploration and dedication continues to inspire generations.
【详解】[总体分析]
①题材：人物介绍类作文
②时态：以“一般过去时”为主
③提示：根据所给三点信息介绍胡先骕，需适当补充细节，保持连贯。
[写作步骤]
第一步：承接开头句，介绍其出生年份及总体贡献。
第二步：具体说明其发现新物种和鉴定水杉的成就。
第三步：总结其科学精神或影响。
[亮点词汇]
①explorer探索者
②discovered发现
③a solid foundation一个坚固的基础
④the living fossil活化石
[高分句型]
①Hu discovered many new plant species and made significant contributions to plant classification in China. (运用了and连接的并列谓语动词)
②..., which shocked the international botanical community.(运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句)

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